Cited by 72Language Development and DisordersVoice and Speech DisordersStuttering Research and Treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Clinical Utility of Language Samples

Costanza-Smith, Amy·2010·Perspectives on Language Learning and Education

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Speech-language pathologists typically use standardized assessments to diagnose language disorders. Although standardized tests are important in diagnosing school-age language disorders, the use of language sample analysis should not be ignored. This article summarizes the benefits of language sample analysis and introduces considerations for collecting and analyzing language samples.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1044/lle17.1.9

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

An investigation of language impairment in autism: Implications for genetic subgroups
Kjelgaard, M., & Tager-Flusberg, H. B. (2001) · Language and Cognitive Processes · doi:10.1080/01690960042000058 · Cited by 1,187
Index of Productive Syntax
Scarborough, H. S. (1990) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716400008262 · Cited by 517
Hidden Language Impairments in Children: Parallels Between Poor Reading Comprehension and Specific Language Impairment?
Nation, K., Clarke, P. J., Marshall, C. M., & Durand, M. (2004) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2004/017 · Cited by 489
A System for the Diagnosis of Specific Language Impairment in Kindergarten Children
Tomblin, J. B., Records, N. L., & Zhang, X. (1996) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.3906.1284 · Cited by 429
Defining Spoken Language Benchmarks and Selecting Measures of Expressive Language Development for Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Tager-Flusberg, H. B., Rogers, S. J., Cooper, J. A., Landa, R. J., Lord, C., Paul, R., Rice, M. L., Stoel‐Gammon, C., Wetherby, A. M., & Yoder, P. J. (2009) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0136 · Cited by 419
Measuring Children’s Lexical Diversity: Differentiating Typical and Impaired Language Learners
Watkins, R. V., Kelly, D. J., Harbers, H. M., & Hollis, W. (1995) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.3806.1349 · Cited by 262
The Stability of Primary Language Disorder
Tomblin, J. B., Zhang, X., Buckwalter, P. R., & O’Brien, M. (2003) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2003/100 · Cited by 218
The Relationship Between Standardized Measures of Language and Measures of Spontaneous Speech in Children With Autism
Condouris, K., Meyer, E., & Tager-Flusberg, H. B. (2003) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2003/080 · Cited by 209
The Use of Spontaneous Language Measures as Criteria for Identifying Children With Specific Language Impairment: An Attempt to Reconcile Clinical and Research Incongruence
Dunn, M. A., Flax, J., Sliwinski, M. J., & Aram, D. (1996) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.3903.643 · Cited by 157
Language Sampling Protocols for Eliciting Text-Level Discourse
Hadley, P. A. (1998) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/0161-1461.2903.132 · Cited by 153

Show all 24 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

Damico J. S., 1985, Communication skills & classroom success, 165
Gillam R., Randomized comparison of language intervention programs
Lee L., 1974, Developmental sentence analysis
Paul R., 2001, Language disorders from infancy to adolescence: Assessment & intervention
Rescorla L., 2001, Validation of the language development survey, Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 44, 434
Wiig E. H., 2004, Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals – Preschool

Assessing the Minimally Verbal School‐Aged Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Kasari, C. L., Brady, N. C., Lord, C., & Tager-Flusberg, H. B. (2013) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1334 · Cited by 380
Using Computer Programs for Language Sample Analysis
Pezold, M. J., Imgrund, C. M., & Storkel, H. L. (2019) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2019_lshss-18-0148 · Cited by 90
Relationships between narrative language samples and norm-referenced test scores in language assessments of school-age children.
Ebert, K. D., & Scott, C. M. (2014) · Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2014_lshss-14-0034 · Cited by 70
Taking Language Samples Home: Feasibility, Reliability, and Validity of Child Language Samples Conducted Remotely With Video Chat Versus In-Person
Manning, B. L., Harpole, A., Harriott, E. M., Postolowicz, K., & Norton, E. S. (2020) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00202 · Cited by 76
Current Practice of Child Grammar Intervention: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists
Finestack, L. H., & Satterlund, K. E. (2018) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2018_ajslp-17-0168 · Cited by 65
Use of the ADOS for Assessing Spontaneous Expressive Language in Young Children With ASD: A Comparison of Sampling Contexts
Kover, S. T., Davidson, M. M., Sindberg, H. A., & Weismer, S. E. (2014) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2014_jslhr-l-13-0330 · Cited by 53
Differentiating School-Aged Children With and Without Language Impairment Using Tense and Grammaticality Measures From a Narrative Task
Guo, L.-Y., & Schneider, P. (2016) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2015_jslhr-l-15-0066 · Cited by 51
Language Sample Analysis With Bilingual Children
Ebert, K. D. (2020) · Topics in Language Disorders · doi:10.1097/tld.0000000000000209 · Cited by 45
Language learning impairment in sequential bilingual children
Ebert, K. D., & Kohnert, K. J. (2016) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444816000070 · Cited by 49
Sharpening Our Tools: A Systematic Review to Identify Diagnostically Accurate Language Sample Measures
Ramos, M. N., Collins, P., & Peña, E. D. (2022) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00121 · Cited by 37
An Evaluation of Expedited Transcription Methods for School-Age Children's Narrative Language: Automatic Speech Recognition and Real-Time Transcription
Fox, C. B., Israelsen-Augenstein, M., Jones, S., & Gillam, S. L. (2021) · Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00096 · Cited by 25
Expressive Language in Preschoolers Born Preterm: Results of Language Sample Analysis and Standardized Assessment
Imgrund, C. M., Loeb, D. F., & Barlow, S. M. (2019) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-18-0224 · Cited by 25
Speech Treatment Effects on Narrative Intelligibility in French-Speaking Children With Dysarthria
Moya‐Galé, G., Keller, B., Escorial, S., & Levy, E. S. (2021) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00258 · Cited by 21
Remote Natural Language Sampling of Parents and Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Role of Activity and Language Level
Butler, L. K., Valle, C. L., Schwartz, S., Palana, J., Liu, C., Peterman, N., Shen, L., & Tager-Flusberg, H. B. (2022) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2022.820564 · Cited by 21
The Evolution of an Innovative Online Task to Monitor Children's Oral Narrative Development
Scott, A., Gillon, G. T., McNeill, B., & Kopach, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.903124 · Cited by 22
Outcome measurement using naturalistic language samples: A feasibility pilot study using language transcription software and speech and language therapy assistants
Overton, S., & Wren, Y. (2014) · Child Language Teaching and Therapy · doi:10.1177/0265659013519251 · Cited by 20
Exploring communicative competence in autistic children who are minimally verbal: The Low Verbal Investigatory Survey for Autism (LVIS)
Naples, A. J., Tenenbaum, E. J., Jones, R. N., Righi, G., Sheinkopf, S. J., & Eigsti, I. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221136657 · Cited by 15
Morphosyntactic Development and Severe Parental Neglect in 4-Year-Old French-Speaking Children: ELLAN study
Julien, C., Sylvestre, A., Bouchard, C., & Leblond, J. (2019) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559519829249 · Cited by 19
Mean Length of Utterance in Cypriot Greek-speaking Children
Voniati, L. (2016) · Journal of Greek Linguistics · doi:10.1163/15699846-01601002 · Cited by 15
Early Identification of Language Disorders Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning: Challenges and Emerging Approaches
Lammert, J. M., Roberts, A. C., McRae, K., Batterink, L. J., & Butler, B. E. (2025) · Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2024_jslhr-24-00515 · Cited by 17
Measure What You Treat: Using Language Sample Analysis for Grammatical Outcome Measures in Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Gallagher, J. F., & Hoover, J. R. (2020) · Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups · doi:10.1044/2019_persp-19-00100 · Cited by 14
Predicting Language Performance From Narrative Language Samples
Murphy, K. A., Springle, A. P., Sultani, M. J., & McIlraith, A. (2022) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00262 · Cited by 13
Impact of Discourse Type and Elicitation Task on Language Sampling Outcomes
Spencer, T. D., Tolentino, T. J., & Foster, M. E. (2023) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2023_ajslp-22-00365 · Cited by 13
Language Sample Collection and Analysis in People Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Overcoming Obstacles
Mahan, A. M. M., Bean, A., & Sonntag, A. M. (2021) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00055 · Cited by 13
Language sampling practices: A review for clinicians
Voniati, L., Armostis, S., & Tafiadis, D. (2021) · Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention · doi:10.1080/17489539.2021.1920118 · Cited by 11
Morphology and Syntax in Arabic-Speaking Adolescents Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Kawar, K. (2021) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00087 · Cited by 16
Language disorders
Paul, R. (2020) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64148-9.00002-8 · Cited by 16
Language sample analysis consideration and use: a survey of school-based speech language pathologists
The Korean Association of Speech-Language Pathologists, Rebecca Bawayan, R. B., & Jennifer A. Brown, J. A. B. (2022) · Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders · doi:10.21849/cacd.2022.00703 · Cited by 10
Tutorial: Data Collection and Documentation Strategies for Speech-Language Pathologist/Speech-Language Pathology Assistant Teams
Schultz, J., Powell, R., & Ross, K. D. (2022) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2022_lshss-21-00151 · Cited by 10
Consistency and reliability of automated language measures across expressive language samples in autism
MacFarlane, H., Salem, A. C., Bedrick, S. D., Dolata, J. K., Wiedrick, J. T., Lawley, G. O., Finestack, L. H., Kover, S. T., Thurman, A. J., Abbeduto, L., et al. (2023) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2897 · Cited by 14
Diagnostic Decisions of Language Complexity Using Informal Language Assessment Measures
Bawayan, R., & Brown, J. A. (2022) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2021_lshss-21-00065 · Cited by 9
The Assessment of Phase of Preschool Language: Applying the language benchmarks framework to characterize language profiles and change in four- to five-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder
Flanagan, H. E., Smith, I. M., & Davidson, F. (2019) · Autism & Developmental Language Impairments · doi:10.1177/2396941519864084 · Cited by 10
Growth of Complex Syntax: Coordinate and Subordinate Clause Use in Elementary School–Aged Children
Owens, R. E., Pavelko, S. L., & Hahs‐Vaughn, D. L. (2024) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2024_lshss-23-00102 · Cited by 11
Grammatical skills of Dutch children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome in comparison with children with Developmental Language Disorder: Evidence from spontaneous language and standardized assessment
Boerma, T., Everaert, E., Vlieger, D., Steggink, M. G. A., Selten, I. S., Houben, M. L., Vorstman, J. A. S., Gerrits, E., & Wijnen, F. N. K. (2023) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2023.1111584 · Cited by 10
Promises and pitfalls of machine scoring of the Index of Productive Syntax
Altenberg, E. P., & Roberts, J. A. (2016) · Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics · doi:10.3109/02699206.2016.1139184 · Cited by 8
How to Use the Index of Productive Syntax to Select Goals and Monitor Progress in Preschool Children
Roberts, J. A., Altenberg, E. P., Ferrugio, H. R., & Rosenberg, J. E. (2022) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2021_lshss-21-00096 · Cited by 8
Language Disorder in Children
Gillam, R. B., Gillam, S. L., Holbrook, S., & Orellana, C. I. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57196-6_3 · Cited by 8
Machine-Scored Syntax: Comparison of the CLAN Automatic Scoring Program to Manual Scoring
Roberts, J. A., Altenberg, E. P., & Hunter, M. (2020) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2019_lshss-19-00056 · Cited by 8
Speech-Language Pathologists' Perspectives on Language Assessment in Bilingual Children
Hernández, M., Fulcher-Rood, K., & Castilla-Earls, A. P. (2025) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2025_lshss-24-00145 · Cited by 7
Language and Literacy Predictors of Dialect Density Among School-Age African American Children From Two Geographic Regions
Caesar, L. G., & Kerins, M. (2020) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2020_lshss-19-00063 · Cited by 7
The Adaptation of Developmental Sentence Scoring and Index of Productive Syntax to Turkish
Saban-Dülger, N. S., Turan, F., & Özcebe, E. (2022) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00637 · Cited by 6
Nonverbal Intelligence Predicts Performance of Preschool Children With Hearing Loss on Norm-Referenced Language Measures But Not Language Sample Analysis
Werfel, K. L., Bassard, S., & Squires, C. (2020) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000000897 · Cited by 6
Comparison of Automatic Speech Recognition System for School-aged Children’s Narratives: Naver Clova Speech and Google Speech-to-Text
Yang, H. J., Oh, E.-B., & Kim, J.-M. (2023) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.23952 · Cited by 6
Mean length of utterance of Jordanian Arabic-speaking children with language impairment
Huneety, A., Mashaqba, B. M., Al-Khawaldeh, N., & Maqablah, M. (2024) · Ampersand · doi:10.1016/j.amper.2024.100171 · Cited by 5
Assessing Narrative Microstructure in Mandarin-Speaking School-Age Children
Fan, Z., & Xu, J. (2023) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2023_lshss-23-00021 · Cited by 4
Interprofessional delivery of Read It Again – KindergartenQ!: Classroom, educator, and child outcomes of an Australian pilot study
McKechnie, J., Collis, I., Lo, L. Y., Mei, X., Sharma, A. S., & Yu, V. (2024) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/17549507.2024.2360064 · Cited by 3
Evidence-Based Practices for Evaluating Preschoolers Who Are Deaf/Hard of Hearing Using Listening and Spoken Language for Special Education Eligibility
Carden, K. C., Blaiser, K. M., Brooks, B. M., & McWilliam, R. A. (2024) · Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups · doi:10.1044/2024_persp-24-00081 · Cited by 3
School Based Speech and Language Therapists’ Perceptions of MLU-w and Its Use
Voniati, L. (2015) · Science Journal of Education · doi:10.11648/j.sjedu.20150306.11 · Cited by 3
Indices of Narrative Language Associated with Disability
Almubark, N. M., Silva-Maceda, G., Foster, M. E., & Spencer, T. D. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10111815 · Cited by 2
Évaluer les compétences morphosyntaxiques et discursives d’enfants d’âge scolaire : analyse d’une situation de jeu libre
da Silva-Genest, C., Masson, C., & Mené, M. L. (2024) · Éla Études de linguistique appliquée · doi:10.3917/ela.210.0053 · Cited by 2
Meta Analysis of Spontaneous Speech Between Children with Language Developmental Disorders and Typical Developing Children: A Preliminary Study for Developing an Application Screening Tool
임동선, 이여진, 정필연, & 천성혜 (2015) · Journal of speech-language & hearing disorders · doi:10.15724/jslhd.2015.24.1.005 · Cited by 2
Lexical Diversity in Cypriot-Greek-Speaking Toddlers: A Preliminary Longitudinal Study
Voniati, L., Tafiadis, D., Armostis, S., Kosma, E. I., & Chronopoulos, S. K. (2020) · Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica · doi:10.1159/000507621 · Cited by 3
Development of the video-based smart utterance deep analyser (SUDA) application*
Lee, S., Kwak, H.-J., Yun, J.-M., Shin, D.-C., & Sim, H.-S. (2020) · Phonetics and Speech Sciences · doi:10.13064/ksss.2020.12.2.063 · Cited by 2
Better, Faster, Stronger: Outcomes of a Language Sample Transcription and Coding Training Study
Ogiela, D. A., & Aldrich, S. A. (2023) · Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders · doi:10.61403/2689-6443.1289 · Cited by 1
The use of Arabic Language Sample Analysis as a screening tool in kindergarten Egyptian bilingual children
Osman, D. M., Hamid, A. A. A., Maged, S., & Hady, A. F. A. (2024) · The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1186/s43163-024-00569-6 · Cited by 1
Changes in the Production of Complex Syntax by Elementary-Aged School Children
Pavelko, S. L., Owens, R. E., & Hahs‐Vaughn, D. L. (2025) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2025_lshss-24-00141 · Cited by 1
The Effect of Language Sample Elicitation Context on Complex Syntax Use and Productivity in Preschool-Age Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Cowan, T. M., Lund, E., & Werfel, K. L. (2025) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2025_jslhr-25-00240 · Cited by 1
Accuracy of Undergraduate Students' Language Sample Analysis in Online and Face-to-Face Courses
Bitetti, D. (2023) · Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups · doi:10.1044/2023_persp-23-00033 · Cited by 1
Using PAALSS for the manual analysis of language samples of individuals who use aided AAC in Spanish: A pilot study
Soto, G. (2024) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2024.106453 · Cited by 1
Maximizing Treatment Effectiveness: Six Critical Elements of a Successful Intensive Preschool Language Program for Children With Language Disorders
Howland, K. A., Graham, M. G., & Mentis, M. (2025) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2025_lshss-24-00097 · Cited by 1
Bibliography
(2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-44234-3.00024-5 · Cited by 1
Pathways to Assessment of Learning: A Family-Centered, Culturally Responsive Approach to Transdisciplinary Assessment in Early Childhood
Moore, S. M., Hyde-Smith, A., Pratt, C., & McKight, R. (2011) · Perspectives on Language Learning and Education · doi:10.1044/lle18.2.40
Manual de Morfosintaxis - digital
Salazar, S. P. (2019) · doi:10.32457/isbn978956845454-8532019-ed1
Knowledge and Training in Language Sample Analysis of US Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students
Cornaglia, A. (2022) · The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) · doi:10.33915/etd.11172
Determining an Effective Language Sample Elicitation Strategy for Early Language Learners Who Speak Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Trevino, C. T., & Lund, E. (2023) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2023_ajslp-23-00148
Effect of sample length on MLU in Mandarin-speaking hard-of-hearing children
Chu, C.-Y., Chen, P.-H., Tsai, Y.-S., Chen, C.-A., Chan, Y.-C., & Ciou, Y.-J. (2024) · The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education · doi:10.1093/deafed/enae007
Using telepractice for language sampling during COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review
Voniati, L., Armostis, S., Georgiou, R., & Tafiadis, D. (2024) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x241273068
The story so far: scoping review of narratives in deaf children
Puhlman, J., Sabatino, L., DeLuca, Z. W., Lorio, C. M., & Decker, L. (2024) · The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education · doi:10.1093/jdsade/enae052
Der Einfluss der Sprachprobenlänge auf die Reliabilität: Eine Reliabilitätsanalyse der mittleren Äusserungslänge und der "moving average type-token ratio" bei Spontansprachanalysen von Kindern mit und ohne Spracherwerbsstörungen
Graf, L. (2024) · doi:10.51363/unifr.lma.2024.010
The Diagnostic Value of English Language Sample Measures for Identifying Developmental Language Disorder in Bilingual Children
Ramos, M. N., Bedore, L. M., & Peña, E. D. (2026) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2025_ajslp-25-00182
A Sweet Surprise: Using SUGAR Language Analysis to Develop Intervention Goals
Owens, R. E., & Pavelko, S. L. (2026) · Communication Disorders Quarterly · doi:10.1177/15257401261438791
Bilingual Children's Grammatical Productivity From Spontaneous Language Samples in English and Spanish
Escobedo, A. G., Gallagher, J. F., Potapova, I., Keating, G. D., Pham, G. T., & Pruitt-Lord, S. L. (2026) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2026_lshss-25-00121

Authors: Costanza-Smith, A.
Affiliations: Oregon Health & Science University (US)
Corresponding author: Costanza-Smith, Amy
Venue: Perspectives on Language Learning and Education
Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
Published: 2010-03
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Pages: 9-15
ISSN: 1940-7742 (ISSN-L)
1940-7750
DOI: 10.1044/lle17.1.9
OpenAlex: W1971231878
Cited by: 72
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 1.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Perspectives on Language Learning and Education (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Voice and Speech Disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Stuttering Research and Treatment
Keywords: language sample analysis, language disorders, speech-language pathology, elementary school students, clinical utility

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.

The Clinical Utility of Language Samples

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks

Data sources