Validation of a Facial Image Scale to assess child dental anxiety
Abstract
Summary. Objective. To examine the validity of a scale that uses faces as an indicator of children’s dental anxiety. Setting. Department of Child Dental Health waiting room, Newcastle Dental Hospital. Subjects and methods. 100 children (aged 3–18 years) completed the Facial Image Scale (FIS) and the Venham Picture Test (VPT) in the dental hospital waiting room. Results. A strong correlation (0·7) was found between the two scales, indicating good validity for the FIS. Findings also showed that a small, but significant, number of children are anxious in the dental context. Conclusion. The findings suggest that the FIS is a valid means of assessing child dental anxiety status in a clinical context.
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In the pilot study, child-reported preoperative anxiety using the Facial Image Scale on the ward confirmed that 41.5% of the children were fairly to extremely worried at that time.
“child-reported preoperative anxiety using the Facial Image Scale (FIS) on the ward confirmed that 41.5% of the children were fairly to extremely worried at this time [21].”
The FIS is well-validated for use, especially in dental settings.
“The FIS is well-validated for use, especially in dental settings.”
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- Authors
- Buchanan, H., & Niven, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Derby (GB)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Buchanan, H.
- ORCID
- Buchanan, H.
- Venue
- International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 47-52
- ISSN
- 0960-7439 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-263X
- OpenAlex
- W3186094261
- Cited by
- 447
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 9.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- pediatric dental anxiety, facial image scale, Venham Picture Test, anxiety assessment, scale validity, facial expressions, children
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Affect, Analysis of Variance, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Dental Care, Female, Happiness, Humans, Male, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Dental Anxiety
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