The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Early onset cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in young adults
Abstract
The relationships between early onset (prior to 16 years) cannabis use and later psychosocial adjustment was examined in a birth cohort of New Zealand children studied to age 18 years. Early onset users had significantly higher rates of later substance use, juvenile offending, mental health problems, unemployment and school dropout. The linkages between early onset cannabis use and later outcomes were largely explained by two routes that linked cannabis use to later adjustment. First, those electing to use cannabis were a high risk population characterized by social disadvantage, childhood adversity, early onset behavioural difficulties and adverse peer affiliations. Secondly, early onset cannabis use was associated with subsequent affiliations with delinquent and substance using peers, moving away from home and dropping out of education with these factors in turn, being associated with increased psychosocial risk. The implications of these results are examined.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
&NA; (1988) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002093-198802020-00022 · Cited by 12,526
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)
Hu, R. J. (2003) · Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/b0-12-226870-9/01070-4 · Cited by 9,117
Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., & Miller, J. Y. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.64 · Cited by 5,428
Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M. T. (1987) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf02202939 · Cited by 4,031
Education, health, and behaviour
Rutter, M. E. (1970) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,236
Neurogenetic Adaptive Mechanisms in Alcoholism
Cloninger, C. R. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2882604 · Cited by 2,234
A Teacher Rating Scale for Use in Drug Studies with Children
CONNERS, C. K. (1969) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.126.6.884 · Cited by 1,759
Structure of problem behavior in adolescence and young adulthood.
Donovan, J. E., & Jessor, R. (1985) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.53.6.890 · Cited by 1,292
Development and risk factors of juvenile antisocial behavior and delinquency
Loeber, R. (1990) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(90)90105-j · Cited by 1,032
FERGUSSON, D. M., HORWOOD, L. J., & LYNSKEY, M. T. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199610000-00024 · Cited by 826
Self-citation
Cited by
Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review.
Moore, T. H., Zammit, S., Lingford-Hughes, A., Barnes, T. R., Jones, P. B., Burke, M., & Lewis, G. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61162-3 · Cited by 2,224
Chronic stress, drug use, and vulnerability to addiction
Sinha, R. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1441.030 · Cited by 1,904
Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study.
Arseneault, L., Cannon, M., Poulton, R., Murray, R., Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1212 · Cited by 1,399
Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use
Hall, W., & Degenhardt, L. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61037-0 · Cited by 1,134
Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study.
Patton, G. C., Coffey, C., Carlin, J. B., Degenhardt, L., Lynskey, M., & Hall, W. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1195 · Cited by 997
Metadata
- Authors
- Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J.
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1997-03
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 279-296
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1997258305
- Cited by
- 494
- References
- 36
- FWCI
- 9.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Early onset cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in young adults. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1997.9232794.x
- The paper
- Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (1997). Early onset cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in young adults. Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1997.9232794.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.