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MMR vaccine and idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura
Open accessAbstract
AIMS: To estimate the relationship between idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) and the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination in children; calculating the relative risk estimate for ITP with in 6 weeks after MMR vaccination and the attributable risk of ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination. METHODS: Using the General Practice Research Database we identified children with a first-time diagnosis of ITP from a base population of children aged less than 6 years between January 1988 and December 1999. After describing the characteristics of all the children identified with ITP, we focused on cases aged 13-24 months to perform a population-based, case-control analysis to estimate the relative risk of developing ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination. We also calculated the risk of ITP attributable to the MMR vaccination. RESULTS: Sixty-three children with a first time diagnosis of ITP were identified; 23 cases were between 13 and 24 months old. The relative risk estimate for ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination, compared to the combined group of unvaccinated children and children vaccinated with MMR more than 26 weeks previously was 6.3 (95% CI 1.3-30.1). The attributable risk of developing ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination was estimated to be 1 in 25,000 vaccinations (95% confidence interval 21,300, 89,400). CONCLUSION: This study confirms the increased risk of ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination. However, the attributable risk of ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination is low.
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“Lack of clarity over the vaccine exposure status of the controls made the results of the Black 2003 study difficult to interpret.”
From Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children (2012) · cites this paper as Black 2003
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“Moderate/unknown risk of bias: eight studies (Black 2003; Bremner 2005; Bremner 2007; DeStefano 2004; Ma 2005; Mrozek-Budzyn 2010; Ray 2006; Smeeth 2004).”
From Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children (2012) · cites this paper as Black 2003
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The ITP syndrome: pathogenic and clinical diversity
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“10 of 4090 patients with HD developed ITP after a median of 23 months (3-57), including 6 in remission(58).”
BackgroundVaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children
Demicheli, V., Rivetti, A., Debalini, M. G., & Di Pietrantonj, C. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004407.pub3 · Cited by 372
Norton, A., & Roberts, I. A. G. (2005) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05809.x · Cited by 256
“Thrombocytopenia has been demonstrated following the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination, with Black et al (2003) estimating the relative risk for ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination to be 6Æ3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1Æ3– 30Æ1] and the attributable risk of developing ITP within…”
BackgroundPathobiology of Secondary Immune Thrombocytopenia
Cines, D. B., Liebman, H. A., & Stasi, R. (2009) · Seminars in Hematology · doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2008.12.005 · Cited by 246
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Pietrantonj, C. D., Rivetti, A., Marchione, P., Debalini, M. G., & Demicheli, V. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004407.pub4 · Cited by 202
Risk of immune thrombocytopenic purpura after measles-mumps-rubella immunization in children
France, E. K., Glanz, J., Xu, S., Hambidge, S., Yamasaki, K., Black, S. B., Marcy, M., Mullooly, J. P., Jackson, L. A., Nordin, J., et al. (2008) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1578 · Cited by 165
“Total ITP cases, N 63 69 56 60 Gender, n (%) Male 33 (52) 31 (45) 30 (54) 29 (48) Female 30 (48) 38 (55) 26 (46) 31 (52) Platelet count at diagnosis (25th, 75th percentiles), per L 7000 (3000, 18 000) 8500 (3000, 18 500) 8000 (3000, 17 000) 7000 (4000, 16 000) Referral to hematologist, n (%) 52 (83) 51 (74) 48 (86) 48…”
Drug-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia
van den Bemt, P. M. L. A., Meyboom, R. H. B., & Egberts, T. C. G. (2004) · Drug Safety · doi:10.2165/00002018-200427150-00007 · Cited by 151
Vaccination and autoimmune diseases: is prevention of adverse health effects on the horizon?
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Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) associated with vaccinations: a review of reported cases
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“Moreover, seven children with MMR-unrelated ITP were subsequently vaccinated without disease relapses [77].”
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The Risk of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura After Vaccination in Children and Adolescents
O’Leary, S. T., Glanz, J. M., McClure, D. L., Akhtar, A. Z., Daley, M. F., Nakasato, C. C., Baxter, R. P., Davis, R. L., Izurieta, H. S., Lieu, T. A., et al. (2012) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1111 · Cited by 117
Glanz, J. M., McClure, D. L., XU, S., Hambidge, S. J., LEE, M., KOLCZAK, M. S., KLEINMAN, K. P., Mullooly, J. P., & France, E. K. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.11.012 · Cited by 117
“This investigation evaluates these traditional study designs as well as two newer designs in a simulated analysis of a known, rare, and acute vaccine reaction: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) after measlesmumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination [1,2].”
BackgroundMethodEpidemiology of paediatric immune thrombocytopenia in the General Practice Research Database
Yong, M., Schoonen, W. M., Li, L., Kanas, G., Coalson, J. E., Mowat, F. S., Fryzek, J. P., & Kaye, J. A. (2010) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08176.x · Cited by 113
“…associated with an increased risk of ITP within 6 weeks after vaccination, although less frequently compared with that after natural measles or rubella virus infection (Jonville-Bera et al, 1996; Miller et al, 2001; Black et al, 2003; Jadavji et al, 2003; Rajantie et al, 2007; France et al, 2008).”
BackgroundVaccine administration and the development of immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children
Cecinati, V., Principi, N., Brescia, L. P., Giordano, P., & Esposito, S. (2013) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.4161/hv.23601 · Cited by 108
“In most cases, it is mild and presents with only bruising and petechiae.(17) Platelet counts are higher than in the case of non-vaccine-associated ITP (> 20,000 × 10(9)/L in 33–19% of patients).”
BackgroundSemiparametric Analysis of Case Series Data
Farrington, P., & Whitaker, H. (2006) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C (Applied Statistics) · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9876.2006.00554.x · Cited by 106
“The data relate to 35 children who were admitted to hospital with ITP when aged between 1 and 2 years (366–730 days of age, to be precise).”
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Demicheli, V., Jefferson, T., Rivetti, A., & Price, D. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004407.pub2 · Cited by 106
Exacerbation of immune thrombocytopenia following COVID‐19 vaccination
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“The only relevant data come from 65 children who developed ITP after an initial MMR vaccination; upon receipt of a second MMR vaccine, none developed a recurrence.(3,4,7) After the fatal vaccine reaction, many of the patients in the Massachusetts General Hospital ITP Center had great trepidation about receiving any of…”
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Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children
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Childhood Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Diagnosis and Management
Blanchette, V. S., & Bolton‐Maggs, P. H. B. (2010) · Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2009.11.004 · Cited by 81
Purpuric Rash and Thrombocytopenia After the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) COVID-19 Vaccine
Malayala, S. V., Mohan, G., Vasireddy, D., & Atluri, P. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.14099 · Cited by 79
“ITP secondary to vaccination can vary from mild to a severe intensity, but there is a high responsiveness to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment in severe cases [16].”
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Helms, J. M., Ansteatt, K. T., Roberts, J. C., Kamatam, S., Foong, K. S., Labayog, J.-M. S., & Tarantino, M. D. (2021) · Journal of Blood Medicine · doi:10.2147/jbm.s307047 · Cited by 67
“telet destruction, not unlike that seen with the rubella, pneumococcus, and influenza vaccines.(2,4,5) The mechanism of post-vaccination thrombocytopenia, in both live and”
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Blanchette, V. S., & Bolton‐Maggs, P. H. B. (2008) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2008.01.009 · Cited by 67
“The risk for ITP after mumps-measles-rubella vaccine is estimated at approximately 1 in 25,000 doses [19].”
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Grimaldi‐Bensouda, L., Michel, M., Aubrun, E., Leighton, P., Viallard, J., Adoué, D., Magy-Bertrand, N., Tisserand, G., Khellaf, M., Durand, J. M., et al. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2012-05-431098 · Cited by 66
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“Yet the only vaccine for which there is a demonstrated cause–effect relationship is the MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella) with one to three children every 100,000 vaccine doses developing ITP [13, 41, 73, 83, 90].”
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COVID-19 Vaccines and Autoimmune Hematologic Disorders
Mingot‐Castellano, M. E., Butta, N. V., Canaro, M., Solano, M. D. C. G. D. C., Sánchez‐González, B., Jiménez‐Bárcenas, R., Pascual, C., Caballero‐Navarro, G., Ureña, L. E., González‐López, T. J., et al. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10060961 · Cited by 48
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“[9] The likelihood of ITP can increase after receipt of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine.[10,11] Childhood ITP can have a negative impact on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL)[12] and imposes a burden on their parents.”
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Halsey, N. A., Talaat, K. R., Greenbaum, A. H., Mensah, E., Dudley, M. Z., Proveaux, T. M., & Salmon, D. A. (2015) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.080 · Cited by 50
What Should an Ideal Vaccine Postlicensure Safety System Be?
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Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia: A descriptive survey in the French PharmacoVigilance database
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Mechanistic actions of the risks and adverse events associated with vaccine administration
Moylett, E. H., & Hanson, I. C. (2004) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2004.09.007 · Cited by 38
Neutropenia Following IVIG Therapy in Pediatric Patients With Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia
Niebanck, A. E., Kwiatkowski, J. L., & Raffini, L. J. (2005) · Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology · doi:10.1097/01.mph.0000155871.26380.84 · Cited by 38
“Pediatric patients may exhibit symptoms such as petechiae, ecchymoses, or mucosal bleeding and typically present after a viral illness such as pharyngitis,(1) or after vaccinations.(1,4) As there is no definitive diagnostic test for ITP, it is a diagnosis of exclusion.”
BackgroundDavid, P., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.085 · Cited by 36
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and the second dose of MMR: Figure 1
Stowe, J., Kafatos, G., Andrews, N. J., & Miller, E. (2007) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2007.126003 · Cited by 32
Idiopathic Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia and Recent Vaccination in Dogs
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Vaccine-associated thrombocytopenia
Gan, G., Liu, H., Liang, Z., Zhang, G., Liu, X., & Ma, L. (2022) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2022.09.017 · Cited by 30
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“While TTS is a new idiosyncratic adverse event of special interest (AESI), with low platelets and associated thrombosis, another haematological condition, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) has been closely monitored as an AESI [5], given its similar autoimmune basis, and known occurrence following the Measles-Mumps-rubell…”
BackgroundInfluentialImmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura after vaccination with COVID-19 Vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCov-19)
Paulsen, F., Schaefers, C., Länger, F. P., Frenzel, C., Wenzel, U. O., Hengel, F. E., Bokemeyer, C., & Seidel, C. A. (2021) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2021012790 · Cited by 29
Niu, M. T., Ball, R., Woo, E. J., Burwen, D. R., Knippen, M. A., & Braun, M. M. (2008) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.10.044 · Cited by 29
Adverse events following immunization: real causality and myths
Principi, N., & Esposito, S. (2016) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1517/14740338.2016.1167869 · Cited by 26
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SARS‐CoV ‐2 vaccination in patients with autoimmune cytopenias: The experience of a reference center
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POSTVACCINATION THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN CANADA
Sauve, L. J., Bettinger, J. A., Scheifele, D. W., Halperin, S. A., Vaudry, W., & LAW, B. J. (2010) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e3181d2bb45 · Cited by 23
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“3 times and had a risk of one ITP case in a mean of 25,000 doses [30].”
BackgroundChronic Immune Thrombocytopenia in Children: Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation
Bennett, C. M., & Tarantino, M. D. (2009) · Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2009.08.002 · Cited by 20
“The risk of ITP is increased in children after immunization with measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.(25,26) In the vast majority of children with ITP, no specific infection can be documented.”
BackgroundDo childhood vaccines cause thrombocytopenia?
Sauve, L. J., & Scheifele, D. W. (2009) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/14.1.31 · Cited by 18
“A data linkage study (10) examining the second dose of MMR did not find any increased risk of thrombocytopenia.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialVaccination and Risk of Childhood IgA Vasculitis
Piram, M., Chiappe, S. G., Madhi, F., Ulinski, T., & Mahr, A. (2018) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-0841 · Cited by 18
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“…has been shown with measles vaccines and measles-containing vaccines (Farrington et al. 1995, Jonville-Béra et al. 1996, Miller et al. 2001, Black et al. 2003, Jadavji et al. 2003, Jefferson et al. 2004, France et al. 2008), whereas for the hepatitis B vaccine there are only indications of…”
BackgroundMaure, C. G., Elango, V., BLACK, S. B., Pérez-Vilar, S., Castro, J. L., Bravo‐Alcántara, P., Molina-León, H. F., Weibel, D. M., Sturkenboom, M., ZUBER, P. L. F., et al. (2017) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.085 · Cited by 17
Update on side effects from common vaccines
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Ho, W., Lee, C.-C., Chen, C.-J., Lu, M., Hu, F., Jou, S., Lin, D., & Lin, K. (2012) · Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology · doi:10.1097/mph.0b013e3182282548 · Cited by 16
“%) patients >10 years of age at the onset of ITP.”
BackgroundInfluentialIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in childhood: Twenty years of experience in a single center
Stiakaki, E., Perdikogianni, C., Thomou, C., Markaki, E., Katzilakis, N., Tsirigotaki, M., & Kalmanti, M. (2012) · Pediatrics International · doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2012.03606.x · Cited by 16
Weißer, K., Barth, I., & Keller‐Stanislawski, B. (2009) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-009-0961-y · Cited by 15
Frequently asked questions on seven rare adverse events following immunization
D’Alò, G. L., Zorzoli, E., Capanna, A., Gervasi, G., Terracciano, E., Zaratti, L., & Franco, E. (2016) · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2017.58.1.659 · Cited by 14
“VI-ITP that occurs after MMR vaccination has an onset within 6 weeks of vaccine administration and presents with a higher platelet count than ITP after natural infection [127] and with clinical manifestations such as petechiae of moderate severity [128], although rarely there have been reports of gastrointestinal (GI)…”
BackgroundBravo‐Alcántara, P., Pérez-Vilar, S., Molina-León, H. F., Sturkenboom, M., BLACK, S. B., ZUBER, P. L. F., Maure, C. G., Castro, J. L., Castellano, V. E., Chiarvetti, L., et al. (2017) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.069 · Cited by 15
Immune thrombocytopenia purpura flare post COVID-19 vaccine
Ali, E., Al-maharmeh, Q., Rozi, W., Habib, M. B., Abdallah, A., Abdulgayoom, M., & Yassin, M. A. (2021) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103164 · Cited by 13
Uaprasert, N., Panrong, K., Tungjitviboonkun, S., Dussadee, K., Decharatanachart, P., Kaveevorayan, P., Shoosanglertwijit, R., Watanaboonyongcharoen, P., Bunworasate, U., & Rojnuckarin, P. (2021) · Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis · doi:10.1097/mbc.0000000000001082 · Cited by 12
Immunization Rates at the School Entry in 2012
Weigel, M., Bruns, R., Weitmann, K., & Hoffmann, W. U. (2014) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0788 · Cited by 12
Severe Immune Thrombocytopenia after COVID-19 Vaccination: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review
Shonai, T., Kimura, F., & Watanabe, J. (2022) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.9177-21 · Cited by 11
“Although the attributable risk is low (1 in 25,000 after MMR vaccination), the relative risk of ITP after MMR vaccination is high (16).”
BackgroundIs MMR immunisation safe in chronic Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?
Bibby, A. C., Farrell, A., Cummins, M., & Erlewyn‐Lajeunesse, M. (2008) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2007.132340 · Cited by 11
Real‐world, single‐center experience of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in immune thrombocytopenia
Woolley, P., Tailor, A., Shah, R., Westwood, J., & Scully, M. (2022) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.15704 · Cited by 10
MMR vaccine - how effective and how safe?
(2003) · Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin · doi:10.1136/dtb.2003.41425 · Cited by 10
Evidencias científicas disponibles sobre la seguridad de las vacunas
Picazo, J. J., Fernández, J. A., Axpe, J. M. A., Ordóñez, D. B., Gurrea, A. B., José, X. B., Díez‐Domingo, J., Romo, F. G., Matos, T. H.-S., Ruíz-Contreras, J., et al. (2011) · Vacunas · doi:10.1016/s1576-9887(11)70002-4 · Cited by 9
Liao, P., Teng, C. J., & Chou, C. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9121486 · Cited by 9
Jacobs, J. W., Booth, G. S., Guarente, J., Schlafer, D., Zheng, L., & Adkins, B. D. (2022) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.18627 · Cited by 9
“87 46 g/L (17 g/L) Hepatitis B (15) DTP/DTaP/DT (12) H.”
Demonstration of background rates of three conditions of interest for vaccine safety surveillance
Wormsbecker, A. E., Johnson, C., Bourns, L., Harris, T. M., Crowcroft, N. S., & Deeks, S. L. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210833 · Cited by 8
Recurrent immune thrombocytopenia following different vaccines
Morin, E., & Sadarangani, M. (2019) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2019-231260 · Cited by 8
Gaunt, E. R., & Mabbott, N. A. (2021) · Immunotherapy Advances · doi:10.1093/immadv/ltab019 · Cited by 8
“The bestevidenced association is that of the live measles, mumps and rubella vaccines with thrombocytopenic outcome reported to occur in 1 in 21,000 to 1 in 40,000 vaccine recipients [49, 50].”
A Case of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura After Rabies Vaccination
Fulbright, J. M., Williams, S. E., & Pahud, B. A. (2015) · Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology · doi:10.1097/mph.0000000000000388 · Cited by 8
Meyer, O. G. J. (2013) · doi:10.2217/ebo.12.293 · Cited by 8
Lloyd, P. C., Smith, E. R., Gruber, J. F., Ondari, M., Wong, H., Hu, M., Clarke, T. C., McEvoy, R., Amend, K. L., Beachler, D. C., et al. (2025) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.70151 · Cited by 7
Bias and estimation under misspecification of the risk period in self‐controlled case series studies
Campos, L. F., Şentürk, D., Chen, Y., & Nguyen, D. V. (2017) · Stat · doi:10.1002/sta4.166 · Cited by 6
“The SCCS method has been used to examine the relationship between rare vaccine reactions, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) after measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccination (Miller et al., 2001; Black et al., 2003).”
MethodCommunicating About Immunizations
Loehr, J. (2020) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2020.05.010 · Cited by 6
Vaccinations and Autoimmune Diseases
Salemi, S., & D’Amelio, R. (2010) · International Reviews of Immunology · doi:10.3109/08830181003792795 · Cited by 6
Type 1 immune‐mediated polyarthritis in dogs and lack of a temporal relationship to vaccination
Idowu, O. A., & Heading, K. L. (2017) · Journal of Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1111/jsap.12774 · Cited by 6
Immune thrombocytopenia in a 68‐year‐old woman after COVID‐19 vaccination
Kenney, A., & Adhikari, A. (2021) · Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.1002/ccr3.4689 · Cited by 6
Kemmeren, J. M., van der Maas, N., & de Melker, H. E. (2010) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-010-1294-4 · Cited by 6
Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies of Vaccine Safety
Chen, R. T., Glanz, J. M., & Vellozzi, C. J. (2012) · Pharmacoepidemiology · doi:10.1002/9781119959946.ch26 · Cited by 6
COVID-19 vaccination and immune thrombocytopenia: Cause for vigilance, but not panic
Al-Samkari, H. T. (2023) · Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100039 · Cited by 5
“There may be an association with de novo ITP in the 6 weeks following the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine in toddlers [5], but in a study evaluating children who developed ITP after receiving MMR, none had a recurrence after a subsequent dose of MMR vaccine [6].”
BackgroundAssociation between Helicobacter pylori infection and platelet count in mice
Fukuda, T., Asou, E., Nogi, K., Yasuda, M., & Gotō, K. (2018) · EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS · doi:10.1538/expanim.18-0004 · Cited by 5
“Autoimmune manifestations, including ITP, have been reported following vaccination against several infectious agents, including measles, mumps, and rubella, Pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenza type B, hepatitis B virus, and varicella-zoster virus [4, 8, 17, 21].”
BackgroundInfluentialLevi, M., Donzellini, M., Varone, O., Sala, A., Bechini, A., Boccalini, S., & Bonanni, P. (2015) · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2014.55.4.455 · Cited by 5
“One of the two cases of thrombocytopenic purpura that were registered can be put in causal correlation with the MMRV vaccine, since it occurred after co-administration with this vaccine, and while there is no evidence of an increased risk in children following immunization with MCC [23], idiopathic thrombocytopenic pu…”
BackgroundIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura following measles–rubella‐conjugated vaccine
Kitazawa, J., OHTANI, K., Shiotani, M., Satoh, A., Sugimoto, K., Nomura, Y., & 青山, 隆. (2007) · Pediatrics International · doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2007.02458.x · Cited by 5
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and immune thrombocytopenia: More than a coincidence?
Öncel, I. H., Saltık, S., & Anlar, B. (2017) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.12.028 · Cited by 4
Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies of Vaccine Safety
Chen, R. T., Glanz, J. M., & Shimabukuro, T. T. (2019) · Pharmacoepidemiology · doi:10.1002/9781119413431.ch20 · Cited by 4
Presenting signs and clinical outcome in dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy: 39 cases (2009–2018)
Robertson, A., Black, V., Villedieu, E., Clarke, K. E., Faux, I., Major, A. C., & Adamantos, S. E. (2022) · Journal of Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1111/jsap.13554 · Cited by 3
“It has been suggested that vaccination can act as a trigger for the development of immune-mediated conditions in people, such as immune-mediated thrombocytopaenia (ITP) (Black et al. 2003).”
BackgroundImmune thrombocytopenia in infants: a retrospective study with comparison to toddlers
Lee, A. C.-W. (2023) · Singapore Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/singaporemedj.smj-2021-184 · Cited by 3
“[21] The major limitation in this study is a potential referral bias.”
COVID ‐19‐induced immune thrombocytopenia management approach: A case report and literature review
Alahwal, H. M., Alsharif, M., Alsharif, M., Almohammadi, A. T., Al-Marzouki, A. F., Barefah, A., Bahashwan, S., Radhwi, O., & Damanhouri, G. A. (2024) · Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.1002/ccr3.9070 · Cited by 3
Vaccine Case–Population: A New Method for Vaccine Safety Surveillance
Théophile, H., Moore, N. D., Robinson, P., Bégaud, B., & Pariente, A. (2016) · Drug Safety · doi:10.1007/s40264-016-0449-2 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Black, C., Kaye, J. A., & Jick, H.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Black, Corri
- Venue
- British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 107-111
- ISSN
- 0306-5251 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2125
- PMC
- PMC1884189
- OpenAlex
- W1486224385
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Novartis Farmacéutica
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Platelet Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis
- Keywords
- MMR vaccine, measles-mumps-rubella vaccination, vaccine adverse events, children, relative risk, attributable risk
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic, Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
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