Cited by 377Marine and fisheries researchFish Ecology and Management StudiesAnimal Behavior and Reproduction

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Marine fish life history strategies: applications to fishery management

King, J. R., McFarlane, G. A.·2003·Fisheries Management and Ecology

DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00359.x

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Abstract

The life history traits of 42 marine fish species were grouped according to the theoretical classifications of life history strategies. This provides a conceptual framework of management options, because life history strategies are the underlying determinants for population responses to climate and ocean changes, they can be used to classify typical population responses. When faced with providing management advice for species for which there is no information on absolute or relative biomass, such as newly exploited species, life history traits can be used to classify the species into a strategist grouping and the appropriate management options can be selected from the conceptual framework.

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Matta, M. E., Helser, T., & Black, B. (2018) · Environmental Biology of Fishes · doi:10.1007/s10641-018-0801-8 · Cited by 1
Age, growth, and reproduction of the axillary seabream (Pagellus acarne) off the coast of Portugal
Moreira, I., Gordo, L. S., Neves, A., Silva, M. I., Assis, C., Robalo, J., Francisco, S. M., & Sequeira, V. (2025) · Fishery Bulletin · doi:10.7755/fb.123.4.2 · Cited by 1
First sexual maturity and type of spawning of the fish Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Amazon coast - Brazil.
Queirós, K. B. N., Santos-Espínola, N. B., Ribeiro, E. B., Neta, R. N. F. C., Almeida, Z. S., & Costa, A. (2024) · Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia · doi:10.1590/1519-6984.284107 · Cited by 1
Age Determination and Lifespan of Marine Animal Species
Bourg, B. L., & Bourg, É. L. (2019) · Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11329-7 · Cited by 1
Reef fish functional groups show variable declines due to deforestation-driven sedimentation, while flexible harvesting mitigates this damage
Milne, R., Anand, M., & Bauch, C. (2026) · Theoretical Ecology · doi:10.1007/s12080-026-00647-w
“A linear relationship has been found between these two quantities in estuarine waters [18], which has a slope of 60 when suspended sediments are measured in mg cm − 3 .”
Background
Growth and reproduction of Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus, in the southern waters off the Korean Peninsula.
Kang, D., Park, J. M., Moon, S., & Baeck, G. (2026) · Journal of Fish Biology · doi:10.1111/jfb.70662
A synthesis of fish life-history parameters in the four largest African Great Lakes
Muehl, M. F., Ervin, A., Olin, J. A., Aller, J., & Cerrato, R. M. (2026) · Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries · doi:10.1007/s11160-026-10084-x
“…al. 1998), and as such have been used to construct conceptual (2026) 36:88 Page 3 of 34 88 Vol.: (0123456789) frameworks for fisheries management (King and McFarlane 2003), with both conventional and data-limited stock assessment techniques requiring knowledge of fish life histories (Beddington…”
Bioregionalization of the southwest Atlantic Ocean based on fish life-history traits: perspectives on fisheries impacts
da Silva, A. C. B., da Silva, V. E. L., de Oliveira, C. D. L., Vilela, B., Viana, C. A. M. D. A., de Medeiros, P. I. T., & Fabré, N. N. (2026) · Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries · doi:10.1007/s11160-026-10089-6
“Body size and life-history attributes often vary systematically with latitude, reflecting physiological constraints and evolutionary trade-offs (King and McFarlane 2003; Macpherson 2003; Diniz-Filho 2023), frequently interpreted through classical biogeographical rules, such as Bergmann’s rule and…”
On the Importance of Unveiling Cryptic Species Misidentification for Biodiversity Conservation and Fisheries Management
Matthews, C. S., Randhawa, H., & Pampoulie, C. (2026) · Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture · doi:10.1080/23308249.2026.2712268 · Cited by 1
From form to function: morphology as a proxy for fish life histories
Dixon, V., & Smallegange, I. (2026) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.11.12.688009
“Nevertheless, such frameworks have become increasingly relevant for conservation, climate impact assessment and fisheries management (King and McFarlane, 2003; Carruthers et al., 2014; Pennino, Coll and Cerviño, 2023; Smallegange, Edwards and Attle, 2025).”
Evaluation of the occurrence of multiple paternity in Squalus acanthias in the South Atlantic region using nuclear markers
Boza, B. R., Torres, Y., de Lima, G. M., Delpiani, S. M., Delpiani, G., Foresti, F., Oliveira, C., & da Cruz, V. P. (2026) · Genetics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2026-0013
“Like many elasmobranchs, S. acanthias has K-strategist characteristics, with slow growth rates, low fecundity, and late sexual maturation (Compagno, 1984; King and McFarlane , 2003; Dell’Apa et al., 2015), consequently, it is sensitive to overfishing (Gračan et al., 2020; Haque et al., 2021).”
Length-Based Stock Assessment of Six Shallow-Water Demersal Fishes in the Colombian Caribbean Sea
Rodriguez, A., Montoya, J., Rueda, M. E., & Linero-Cueto, J. (2026) · Fishes · doi:10.3390/fishes11060339
“…interspecific variability exists, and some demersal species exhibit comparatively rapid growth, early maturation (e.g., within the second year of life), and smaller body size, which may confer greater resilience to moderate exploitation levels when effective management is in place [35,66].”
Life history strategy composition of fishes in the Yangtze River Basin and their response to the Ten-Year Fishing Ban
Zhu, L., Yu, D., Lin, P., Liu, F., Chang, T., Gao, X., Li, M., & Liu, H.-Z. (2026) · Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries · doi:10.1007/s11160-026-10064-1
“Fish life history theory has been widely applied in fishery management (King and McFarlane 2003), endangered species conservation (Winemiller 2005), fish invasion risk assessment (Olden et al. 2006), and river ecological condition monitoring (Zhu et al. 2025).”
How toothed whales divide up the world: phylogeny and ecology shape life-history strategies of odontocetes
Ferguson, S. H., Feyrer, L., de Greef, E., & Higdon, J. (2026) · BMC Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1186/s12862-026-02530-y
“To better understand the diversity of life-history strategies and their evolutionary basis, researchers have grouped species into clusters based on shared trait combinations [23, 39, 69].”
Some population parameters of three flatfish species (Arnoglossus laterna, Monochirus hispidus, and Microchirus ocellatus) from Güllük Bay, southern Aegean Sea
Cerim, H., Yapıcı, S., Yılmaz, Ö., Gülşahin, A., Soykan, O., Reis, İ., & Yalgin, F. (2026) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.21227
“This life history strategy typically allows for faster population turnover and potentially greater resilience to fishing mortality, as individuals reach harvestable sizes quickly and the population can replace itself more rapidly ( King & McFarlane, 2003 ).”
Age and Growth of Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax) off the U.S. Pacific Coast, 2012–2021
James, K., Walker, J., Schwartzkopf, B., Dorval, E., & Erisman, B. (2026) · Fishes · doi:10.3390/fishes11050290
“The observed growth pattern fits that predicted for small, pelagic marine fishes that follow an opportunistic life history strategy (i.e., r -selected) and that flourish in variable environmental conditions with frequent disturbances [10,11,64].”
First account on feeding and reproductive biology of Aluterus scriptus (Osbeck, 1765) from the southern coast of India
Tamilselvan, R., Jawahar, P., Jayakumar, N., Santhakumar, R., Rani, V., Sundhar, S., Iyyappan, T., Dineshkumar, E., & Emiema, S. (2026) · Journal of Fisheries · doi:10.17017/j.fish.1236
“Consequently, these parameters is therefore essential for designing biologically meaningful size regulations and seasonal closures (King and McFarlane 2003; Morgan 2008).”
Patterns in life-history traits of fishery species in the Northwest Pacific
Han, P., Jin, Y., Chen, Y.-L., Fang, Z., & Chen, X.-J. (2026) · Acta Oceanologica Sinica · doi:10.1007/s13131-026-2706-2
“An analysis of marine fish species from the west coast of Canada led King and McFarlane (2003) to identify both salmonic and intermediate strate-gists.”
Influential
Dynamic responses of key economic species in the Northwest Pacific to fisheries-induced evolution: a study on different life history strategies
Han, P., Chen, X.-J., & Fang, Z. (2026) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-026-06161-8
“In contrast, opportunistic and intermediate species are typically small-bodied, short-lived, early-maturing, and highly fecund (King and McFarlane, 2003).”
The Devil is in the Detail: Photo‐Identification Reveals Novel Information on the Biology of a Temperate Reef Fish, the Southern Blue Devil ( Paraplesiops meleagris )
Bryars, S., Hicks, J., Easton, D., Meakin, C. A., Miller, D., & Brock, D. (2026) · New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research · doi:10.1002/nzm2.70009
Alarming biological indicators and management implications for the Critically Endangered Taiwanese wedgefish (Rhynchobatus immaculatus) in the Taiwan Strait
Huynh, H. H., Hsu, H.-H., Hsu, C.-H., Liu, S., Weng, J.-S., & Tsai, W.-P. (2026) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04050
Phenotypic divergence may facilitate co‐occurrence in Acanthopagrus species (Family: Sparidae)
Lin, Y.-J. (2025) · Journal of Fish Biology · doi:10.1111/jfb.70311
“Life-history traits such as age, growth and maturation are critical for understanding fish population dynamics and informing effective management strategies (Jennings et al., 1999; King & McFarlane, 2003; Young et al., 2006).”
Evaluating the status of marine fishery resources along the Gujarat coast of India: A productivity and susceptibility analysis
Vase, V., Kumar, R., Rahangdale, S., Azeez, A., Jaysree, G., Vipul, S., Jayaraman, J., & Zacharia, P. U. (2025) · Fisheries Research · doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107542
Empirical equations for estimating the size at sexual maturity in shrimps, lobsters, and crabs
Muñoz-Suárez, K., & Zambrano, R. (2025) · Invertebrate Reproduction & Development · doi:10.1080/07924259.2025.2586272
“…be set at or above the sexual maturity size, which is defined as the size at which 50% of individuals in a population have reached sexual maturity (King and McFarlane 2003; Aruho et al. 2018; Nunes et al. 2020, Atherley et al. 2021; Hasan et al. 2021) In general, decapod crustaceans show three…”
Decrypting the life history characteristics and stock dynamics of Parapenaeopsis stylifera (Milne-Edwards,1837) in the north-western Bay of Bengal: A confluence of approaches for better decision support
Dash, G., Sen, S., Pradhan, R., Kumar, R., Chakraborty, R. D., Dineshbabu, A. P., & Ghosh, S. (2025) · Indian Journal of Fisheries · doi:10.21077/ijf.2025.72.3.155588-02
“Therefore, frequent assessment on an annual or biannual basis is highly essential to maintain the critical minimum SSB of 30% or higher for ensuring the long-term sustainability of the species (King and McFarlane, 2003).”
First Results of the Study on Reproductive Biology of the Frigate Tuna (Auxis thazard) in the North Atlantic of Morocco
al., C. E. (2024) · Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries · doi:10.21608/ejabf.2024.382646
“The majority of current management strategies involve evaluating individual stocks based on in-depth biological data and fisheries statistics for only targeted species (King & McFarlane, 2003) .”
Background
Temperature and depth drive population structure of the scaled sardine (Harengula sp.) in the western South Atlantic
Bennemann, A. B. A., Coelho, J. F. R., Hollanda-Carvalho, P., Dario, F. D., Gasparini, J. L., Dias, R., Mendes, L. D. F., & Lima, S. M. Q. (2024) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-024-05662-8
“Harengula is supposedly overexploited in the Brazilian EEZ (Verba et al., 2020), despite the fact that this R -strategist species presents large stocks (King & McFarlane, 2003).”
Research Article: Population biology and exploitation status of four commercially important marine fishes of the northern Bay of Bengal, India
Dutta, S., Orlov, A., & Hazra, S. (2021) · doi:10.22092/ijfs.2021.123477
“Hashemi et al. (2010) estimated the rate of exploitation (E) of T. ilisha in coastal waters of Iran as 0.72 and D ow nl oa de d fr om ji fr o. ir at 1 3: 13 + 04 30 o n T hu rs da y Ju ne 2 4t h 20 21 Nurul Amin et al. (2002) found the exploitation rate (E) for T. ilisha in Bangladesh waters as 0.66, indicating also o…”
Influential
Trait-based indices to assess benthic vulnerability to trawling and model potential loss of ecosystem functions
Hinz, H., Törnroos, A., & de Juan, S. (2020) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2011.13232
“, 2005), while others are related to behaviour, for example mobility and feeding mode (Smale, 2008), and to life history traits, such as maximum size, fecundity or similar (King and McFarlane, 2003).”
Aspectos reprodutivos de Serrapinnus notomelas (Characiformes: Cheirodontinae) em igarapés da bacia do rio Machado, sudoeste Amazônico
da Costa, I. D., & Nunes, N. N. D. S. (2020) · doi:10.5007/2175-7925.2020.e71915
Age and growth of slender tuna ( Allothunnus fallai ) in an unexploited temperate population
Bradley, K., & Arkhipkin, A. I. (2020) · Journal of Fish Biology · doi:10.1111/jfb.14469
Age and growth of the Giant Kelpfish, Heterostichus rostratus Girard 1854, in Southern California, USA
Winston, M., Claisse, J., Williams, C. M., Williams, J. P., & Pondella, D. (2018) · doi:10.1111/jai.13541
Towards sustainable management of the Cunene horse mackerel ( Trachurus trecae ) in Guinea-Bissau waters
Nonque, D., de Barros, M. D., Martins, A., & Santos, R. (2026) · Aquatic Living Resources · doi:10.1051/alr/2026009
Climatic and hydrological rhythms driving reproductive synchrony of the paradise threadfin (Polynemus paradiseus) in a monsoon-influenced estuarine system: Implications for conservation
Akter, S., Afrin, M., Hossain, M. N., Ferdous, A., Hoque, N., Rahman, M. M., & Asaduzzaman, M. (2026) · Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2026.110057
Uncertainties in the estimates of natural mortality due to climate change and their impact on yield per recruit models.
Campos, C., Bitar, S., & Freitas, C. (2026) · Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências · doi:10.1590/0001-3765202620250453
Reproductive Biology and Trophic Niche of Hardhead Catfish in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Pensinger, L. G. (2020) · doi:10.31390/gradschool_theses.5046
THE ECOLOGY OF STRESS: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE ON STRESS IN WILD CENTRARCHID FISHES
O'Connor, C. (2011) · doi:10.22215/etd/2011-09761
“This dearth is surprising given that fish show a wide variety of lifehistory traits (Winemiller and Rose 1992; McCann and Shuter 1997; King and McFarlane 2003), and an extensive background exists on the physiology of stress responses in fish (see reviews by Schreck 1981; Barton and Iwama 1991;…”
Background
The Theoretical Biologist's Toolbox: Quantitative Methods for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Mangel, M. (2006) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511819872

Authors: King, J. R., & McFarlane, G. A.
Affiliations: Fisheries and Oceans Canada (CA)
Corresponding author: King, J. R.
ORCID: McFarlane, G. A.
Venue: Fisheries Management and Ecology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2003-07-29
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Pages: 249-264
ISSN: 0969-997X (ISSN-L)
1365-2400
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00359.x
OpenAlex: W2059121908
Cited by: 377
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 7.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Fisheries Management and Ecology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Marine and fisheries research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Keywords: marine fish, life history strategies, life-history traits, fisheries management, ocean change, management recommendations

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Marine fish life history strategies: applications to fishery management

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