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Cited by 119Skin Protection and AgingImmunotoxicology and immune responsesT-cell and B-cell Immunology

UVB exposure-induced systemic modulation of Th1- and Th2-mediated immune responses

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Garssen, Vandebriel, De Gruijl, Wolvers, Van Dijk, Fluitman, Van Loveren·1999·Immunology
DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00801.xPMC PMC2326852
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Abstract

Exposure to ultraviolet light, especially UVB wavelengths, can impair immune responses in animals and humans. It is remarkable that this immunomodulation is not restricted to the exposed skin but is also found at other sites, i.e. systemic (distant) immunosuppression. A frequently proposed hypothesis is that UVB exposure inhibits, specifically, T helper 1 (Th1)‐mediated immune responses. The major reason for this is that contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH), both Th1‐mediated immune responses, are very sensitive to UVB. For this reason these models are frequently used for photoimmunology studies. In the present study, the effects of UVB exposure were investigated in classical models for Th1‐mediated immunity, i.e. CHS models in which picrylchloride or oxazolone were used as low‐molecular‐weight chemical antigens. In these models, CHS responsiveness and cytokines were measured, the latter by both reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The CHS responses to both contact sensitizers (picrylchloride and oxazolone) were suppressed significantly by pre‐exposure to repeated suberythemal UVB exposure. Interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), interleukin (IL)‐12 and IL‐4, but not IL‐10, were detectable in spleen and draining lymph nodes of sensitized BALB/c mice. Repeated UVB exposure prior to sensitization at a distant locus inhibited both IFN‐γ and IL‐12 but not IL‐4. In BALB/c mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) in the absence of complete Freund’s adjuvant, a model for Th2‐mediated immunity, OVA‐specific serum IgE and cytokine profiles in the spleen were analysed. Sensitization did lead to a significant increase in OVA‐specific IgE serum titres. Pre‐exposure to UVB resulted in a decreased OVA‐specific IgE serum titre. Both RT–PCR and ELISA showed increased levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐4 and IL‐10 in the spleens of OVA‐sensitized mice. The production of IFN‐γ and IL‐4 was not affected by UVB pre‐exposure. In contrast, the production of IL‐10 was significantly increased. This was probably caused by an up‐regulation of Th2 cells. It is remarkable that IFN‐γ is significantly suppressed by UVB in Th1‐mediated immune reactions but not in Th2‐mediated immune reactions where it even appears to increase. IL‐10, which is up‐regulated by UVB pre‐exposure and produced by, among others, Th2 cells, may represent a shift from Th1‐ to Th2‐mediated immune mechanisms. However, IL‐10 can also inhibit Th2 responses, which might be the reason for a decreased IgE titre in the Th2 model. From the results of this study it is concluded that UVB exposure prior to sensitization/immunization not only inhibits Th1‐mediated but also Th2‐mediated immune responses.

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  • In T cells, UVB can eliminate the mRNA of IL-12 and decrease interferon-gamma producing T-cells by over 50%.

    “In T cells, UVB can eliminate the mRNA of IL-12 and decrease interferon-gamma (IFN-) producing T-cells by over 50% [71,72].”

    From Molecular Mechanisms of UV-Induced Apoptosis and Its Effects on Skin Residential Cells: The Implication in UV-Based Phototherapy (2013) · cites this paper as [71]

    The Results report reduced cytokine mRNA expression and suppressed IFN-γ production after UVB pre-exposure in sensitized mice; the Discussion also reports suppression of IL-12 in contact-hypersensitivity models. Neither passage says that IL-12 mRNA was eliminated in T cells or that the number of IFN-γ-producing T cells fell by over 50%. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Authors
Garssen, Vandebriel, Gruijl, D., Wolvers, Dijk, V., Fluitman, & Loveren, V.
Affiliations
  • National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (NL)
  • Utrecht University (NL)
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
Corresponding author
Garssen
Venue
Immunology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1999-07
Volume
97
Issue
3
Pages
506-514
ISSN
  • 0019-2805 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2567
DOI
10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00801.x
PMC
PMC2326852
OpenAlex
W2010626014
Cited by
119
References
0
Citations by year
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FWCI
10.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 908 d)
Locations
  • Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Rivm (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords
UVB exposure, UV-B radiation, systemic immunosuppression, contact hypersensitivity, delayed-type hypersensitivity, interferon-gamma, IL-12, IL-4, IL-10, ovalbumin-specific IgE, oxazolone, photoimmunology
MeSH terms
Animals, Dermatitis, Contact, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Interferon-gamma, Lymph Nodes, Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Ovalbumin, Spleen, Ultraviolet Rays, Interleukin-4, Cytokines, Mice, Knockout, Th1 Cells, Th2 Cells, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Mice

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