The DOI matches its Crossref record; 158 of the 158 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multicellular spheroids: a three‐dimensional in vitro culture system to study tumour biology
Open accessAbstract
The growth of tumour cells as three‐dimensional multicellular spheroids in vitro has led to important insights in tumour biology, since properties of the in vivo‐tumour such as proliferation or nutrient gradients, can be studied under controlled conditions. While this review starts with an update of recent data on spheroid monocultures, especially concerning tumour microenvironment and therapeutic modalities, the main emphasis is put on the spectrum of heterologous cultures which have evolved in previous years. This type of culture includes tumour cell interaction with endothelial, fibroblast or immunocompetent cells. The relation of the spheroid culture model to other types of three‐dimensional culture and our critical evaluation and presentation of the technical aspects of growing and analysing spheroids are included in the text. These topics are chosed to help the experimental pathologist design experiments with tumour spheroids and to stimulate discussion.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
What Is the Evidence That Tumors Are Angiogenesis Dependent?
Folkman, J. (1990) · JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/82.1.4 · Cited by 4,531
Cell and environment interactions in tumor microregions: the multicell spheroid model.
Sutherland, R. M. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2451290 · Cited by 1,803
Heim, R., & Tsien, R. Y. (1996) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00450-5 · Cited by 1,480
Understanding, improving and using green fluorescent proteins
Cubitt, A. B., Heim, R., Adams, S. R., Boyd, A. E., Gross, L. A., & Tsien, R. Y. (1995) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(00)89099-4 · Cited by 1,349
The role of angiogenesis in tumor growth.
Folkman, J. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 1,259
The origin and function of tumor-associated macrophages
Mantovani, A., Bottazzi, B., Colotta, F., Sozzani, S., & Ruco, L. (1992) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(92)90008-u · Cited by 1,089
The Gompertz Curve as a Growth Curve
Winsor, C. P. (1932) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.18.1.1 · Cited by 997
Laird, A. K. (1964) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1964.55 · Cited by 863
Ronnov-Jessen, L., Petersen, O. W., & Bissell, M. J. (1996) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1996.76.1.69 · Cited by 793
Multi‐faceted regulation of cell differentiation by extracellular matrix
Lin, C. Q., & Bissell, M. J. (1993) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.7.9.8330681 · Cited by 612
Cited by
Spheroid-based drug screen: Considerations and practical approach
Friedrich, J., Seidel, C., Ebner, R., & Kunz-Schughart, L. A. (2009) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2008.226 · Cited by 1,742
Self-citationMulticellular tumor spheroids: An underestimated tool is catching up again
Hirschhaeuser, F., Menne, H., Dittfeld, C., West, J., Mueller-Klieser, W., & Kunz-Schughart, L. A. (2010) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.01.012 · Cited by 1,674
Self-citationOpportunities and challenges for use of tumor spheroids as models to test drug delivery and efficacy
Mehta, G., Hsiao, A. Y., Ingram, M., Luker, G. D., & Takayama, S. (2012) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.045 · Cited by 1,172
Kelm, J. M., Timmins, N. E., Brown, C. J., Fussenegger, M., & Nielsen, L. K. (2003) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.10655 · Cited by 934
Three-dimensional culture systems in cancer research: Focus on tumor spheroid model
Nath, S., & Devi, G. R. (2016) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.013 · Cited by 919
Metadata
- Authors
- KUNZ‐SCHUGHART, L. A., KREUTZ, M., & KNUECHEL, R.
- Venue
- International Journal of Experimental Pathology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1998-02
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-23
- ISSN
- 0959-9673 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2613
- OpenAlex
- W1527382852
- Cited by
- 324
- References
- 158
- FWCI
- 3.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Multicellular spheroids: a three‐dimensional in vitro culture system to study tumour biology. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1046/j.1365-2613.1998.00051.x
- The paper
- KUNZ‐SCHUGHART, L. A., KREUTZ, M., & KNUECHEL, R. (1998). Multicellular spheroids: a three‐dimensional in vitro culture system to study tumour biology. International Journal of Experimental Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2613.1998.00051.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.