Cited by 72Bacterial Genetics and BiotechnologyBiochemical and Molecular ResearchLegume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis

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Physiological role of the GlnK signal transduction protein of Escherichia coli: survival of nitrogen starvation

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Blauwkamp, Timothy A., Ninfa, Alexander J.·2002·Molecular Microbiology

DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03153.x

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Abstract

Summary: Escherichia coli contains two PII‐like signal trans‐duction proteins, PII and GlnK, involved in nitrogen assimilation. We examined the roles of PII and GlnK in controlling expression of glnALG , glnK and nac during the transition from growth on ammonia to nitrogen starvation and vice versa. The PII protein exclusively controlled glnALG expression in cells adapted to growth on ammonia, but was unable to limit nac and glnK expression under conditions of nitrogen starvation. Conversely, GlnK was unable to limit glnALG expression in cells adapted to growth on ammonia, but was required to limit expression of the glnK and nac promoters during nitrogen starvation. In the absence of GlnK, very high expression of the glnK and nac promoters occurred in nitrogen‐starved cells, and the cells did not reduce glnK and nac expression when given ammonia. Thus, one specific role of GlnK is to regulate the expression of Ntr genes during nitrogen starvation. GlnK also had a dramatic effect on the ability of cells to survive nitrogen starvation and resume rapid growth when fed ammonia. After being nitrogen starved for as little as 10 h, cells lacking GlnK were unable to resume rapid growth when given ammonia. In contrast, wild‐type cells that were starved immediately resumed rapid growth when fed ammonia. Cells lacking GlnK also showed faster loss of viability during extended nitrogen starvation relative to wild‐type cells. This complex phenotype resulted partly from the requirement for GlnK to regulate nac expression; deletion of nac restored wild‐type growth rates after ammonia starvation and refeeding to cells lacking GlnK, but did not improve viability during nitrogen starvation. The specific roles of GlnK during nitrogen starvation were not the result of a distinct function of the protein, as expression of PII from the glnK promoter in cells lacking GlnK restored the wild‐type phenotypes.

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Authors: Blauwkamp, T. A., & Ninfa, A. J.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author: Ninfa, Alexander J.
ORCID: Blauwkamp, Timothy A.
Venue: Molecular Microbiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2002-10
Volume: 46
Issue: 1
Pages: 203-214
ISSN: 0950-382X (ISSN-L)
1365-2958
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03153.x
OpenAlex: W2170000137
Cited by: 72
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 2.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 2 d)
Locations: Molecular Microbiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01gm057393-04)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM57393, T32GM145304)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Molecular Research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
Keywords: GlnK, PII protein, signal transduction, nitrogen starvation, nitrogen assimilation, gene expression regulation, Escherichia coli, cell viability
MeSH terms: Ammonia, Bacterial Proteins, Carrier Proteins, Culture Media, Escherichia coli, Mutation, Nitrogen, Phenotype, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Transcription, Genetic, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, PII Nitrogen Regulatory Proteins

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Physiological role of the GlnK signal transduction protein of Escherichia coli: survival of nitrogen starvation

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