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Mechanisms of iron regulation in mycobacteria: role in physiology and virulence
Open accessAbstract
Summary: The role of iron in mycobacteria as in other bacteria goes beyond the need for this essential cofactor. Limitation of this metal triggers an extensive response aimed at increasing iron acquisition while coping with iron deficiency. In contrast, iron‐rich environments prompt these prokaryotes to induce synthesis of iron storage molecules and to increase mechanisms of protection against iron‐mediated oxidative damage. The response to changes in iron availability is strictly regulated in order to maintain sufficient but not excessive and potentially toxic levels of iron in the cell. This response is also linked to other important processes such as protection against oxidative stress and virulence. In bacteria, iron metabolism is regulated by controlling transcription of genes involved in iron uptake, transport and storage. In mycobacteria, this role is fulfilled by the i ron‐d ependent r egulator IdeR. IdeR is an essential protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis. It functions as a repressor of iron acquisition genes, but is also an activator of iron storage genes and a positive regulator of oxidative stress responses.
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“Two homodimers with four bound Fe ions recognize a 19-base-pair palindromic sequence and in Fe-replete conditions and negatively regulate the expression of proteins required in Fe-depleted conditions [65].”
From Strategies of intracellular pathogens for obtaining iron from the environment (2015) · cites this paper as [65]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rodriguez, G. M., & Smith, I.
- Affiliations
- International Center for Public Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Issar
- Venue
- Molecular Microbiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-03
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1485-1494
- ISSN
- 0950-382X (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2958
- OpenAlex
- W2156343505
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Molecular Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL64544, R01HL064544)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI-44856)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Keywords
- iron regulation, mycobacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, IdeR, iron acquisition, iron storage, oxidative stress response, virulence, iron deficiency, transcriptional regulation
- MeSH terms
- Iron, Mycobacterium, Virulence, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Oxidative Stress, Feedback, Physiological
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