Anthelmintic resistance in human helminths: a review
Abstract
We briefly review reports on drug resistance in human helminths and compare the factors which contribute to the development of anthelmintic resistance in livestock and man, i.e. high treatment frequency, single‐drug regimens, targeting and timing of mass treatments and underdosing. Conclusions are drawn from the mistakes in the treatment and control of livestock helminths. The advantages and inconveniences of current methods for the detection of drug resistance in helminths of livestock are discussed and some suggestions are put forward to standardize the tests for the detection of resistance in human helminths. Finally, based on veterinary experience, some recommendations are made to reduce the risks of development of drug resistance in human helminths. The dramatic and rapid spread of resistance to all major classes of veterinary anthelmintics should be a warning against too strong a reliance on drugs in helminth control programmes.
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The resistance might also arise in various ways, including point mutations or deletion of β-tubulin isotype 1 or 2, microtubule-associated proteins, or others.
“The resistance might also arise in various ways, including point mutations or deletion of β-tubulin isotype 1 or 2, microtubule-associated proteins, or others [334,335].”
From Albendazole and Mebendazole as Anti-Parasitic and Anti-Cancer Agents: an Update (2021) · cites this paper as [334]
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“Prolonged use of single drugs, for example, the use of ivermectin for Onchocerciasis control inWest Africa and praziquantel against Schistosomiasis in Egypt, has been associated with widespread resistance [34].”
BackgroundHarnessing the gut microbiome in the fight against anthelminthic drug resistance
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“70 Studies of related soil and veterinary helminthes have raised concerns about the formation of resistance 71–73 and proposed the need for monitoring for resistance 71”
Helminth ecological requirements shape the impact of climate change on the hazard of infection
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“, 2020) and an alarming positive trend is expected to continue 414 in the future due to the spread of anthelminthic resistance (Geerts and Gryseels, 2001; Rose Vineer et 415 al., 2020) and/or the lack of regular prophylactic.”
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“Geerts S et al (2001)(23) and Cioli D (2000) (24) reported almost similar results.”
ResultA PAL for Schistosoma mansoni PHM
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“Although resistance does not appear to be widespread, it has been generated in the laboratory [2], and has occurred transiently in field situations [3,4].”
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Gut microbiota metabolically mediate intestinal helminth infection in zebrafish
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“…globally for decades (12, 13) posing a tremendous risk to humans because practices such as broad blanket anthelmintic administration (14) and prior widespread prophylactic administration of anthelmintic drugs (15) have provi ded strong selective forces for virulent drug-resistant organisms (16).”
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The effective life of ivermectin on Western Australian sheep farms--a survival analysis.
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Gut microbiota metabolically mediate intestinal helminth infection in Zebrafish
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“…observed globally for decades 12,13 posing a tremendous risk to humans because practices such as broad blanket anthelmintic administration 14 and prior widespread prophylactic administration of anthelmintic drugs 15 have provided strong selective forces for virulent drug resistant organisms 16 .”
BackgroundThe equine ascarids: resuscitating historic model organisms for modern purposes
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“The analysis and reflection are developed within the “One Health drugs against parasitic vector borne diseases in Europe and beyond” Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action 21111 (OneHealth drugs ).”
- Authors
- Geerts, S., & Gryseels, B.
- Affiliations
- Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Geerts, S.
- ORCID
- Geerts, S.
- Venue
- Tropical Medicine & International Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-11
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 915-921
- ISSN
- 1360-2276 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-3156
- OpenAlex
- W2128079521
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Tropical Medicine & International Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- anthelmintic resistance, human helminths, mass drug administration, treatment frequency, underdosing, drug resistance detection, veterinary anthelmintics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anthelmintics, Drug Resistance, Helminthiasis, Helminths, Humans, Species Specificity, Parasitic Sensitivity Tests
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