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Hypoglycaemia in insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes: frequency, symptoms and impaired awareness

Henderson, J. N., Allen, K. V., Deary, I. J., Frier, B. M.·2003·Diabetic Medicine

DOI 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.01072.x

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Abstract

Aims Hypoglycaemia is considered to be less common in people with insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes than in Type 1 diabetes. A retrospective survey was made of 215 people with insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes to quantify the frequency and nature of hypoglycaemia experienced. Methods The frequencies of mild (self‐treated) and severe (required assistance) hypoglycaemia during the preceding year were estimated retrospectively. The usual symptoms of hypoglycaemia and state of awareness of hypoglycaemia were scored using validated questionnaires and any history suggestive of impaired hypoglycaemia awareness was documented. Results In this cohort, 157 (73%) had experienced hypoglycaemia since commencing insulin, the frequency of which increased with duration of diabetes and of insulin therapy and was inversely related to current HbA 1c (all P < 0.05). During the preceding year, 32 individuals (15%) had experienced severe hypoglycaemia, with an estimated incidence for the entire group of 0.28 episodes/patient/year. Principal components analysis revealed two underlying symptom groups (autonomic and neuroglycopenic), similar to those reported previously by young adults with Type 1 diabetes, but the total symptom score declined with advancing age. Of the 157 with a history of hypoglycaemia, the 13 (8%) individuals who gave a history of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia had experienced a ninefold higher incidence of severe hypoglycaemia than those with normal awareness, and reported experiencing mainly neuroglycopenic symptoms. Conclusions While the overall frequencies of mild and severe hypoglycaemia were lower in insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes than have been reported previously in Type 1 diabetes, the risk of hypoglycaemia was greater with increasing duration of diabetes and of insulin therapy. Although impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia was uncommon, it was associated with a higher incidence of severe hypoglycaemia. Diabet. Med. 20, ***–*** (2003)

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Additional file 1 of Hypoglycemia unawareness identified by continuous glucose monitoring system is frequent in outpatients with type 2 diabetes without receiving intensive therapeutic interventions
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Authors: Henderson, J. N., Allen, K. V., Deary, I. J., & Frier, B. M.
Affiliations: Edinburgh Royal Infirmary (GB)
University of Edinburgh (GB)
Corresponding author: Frier, B. M.
ORCID: Deary, I. J.
Frier, B. M.
Venue: Diabetic Medicine
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2003-11-24
Volume: 20
Issue: 12
Pages: 1016-1021
ISSN: 0742-3071 (ISSN-L)
1464-5491
DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.01072.x
OpenAlex: W2150540429
Cited by: 287
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 5.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Diabetic Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Royal Society of Edinburgh
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Keywords: hypoglycemia, type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy, severe hypoglycemia, neuroglycopenic symptoms, autonomic symptoms, hypoglycaemia incidence, HbA1c, diabetes duration, age
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Autonomic Nervous System, Awareness, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Nervous System Diseases, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Principal Component Analysis

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Hypoglycaemia in insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes: frequency, symptoms and impaired awareness

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