Novel Large Apolipoprotein E‐Containing Lipoproteins of Density 1.006–1.060 g/ml in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid

Abstract

Abstract: Although the critical role of apolipoprotein E (apoE) allelic variation in Alzheimer's disease and in the outcome of CNS injury is now recognized, the functions of apoE in the CNS remain obscure, particularly with regard to lipid metabolism. We used density gradient ultracentrifugation to identify apoE‐containing lipoproteins in human CSF. CSF apoE lipoproteins, previously identified only in the 1.063–1.21 g/ml density range, were also demonstrated in the 1.006–1.060 g/ml density range. Plasma lipoproteins in this density range include low‐density lipoprotein and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) subfraction 1 (HDL 1). The novel CSF apoE lipoproteins are designated HDL 1. No immunoreactive apolipoprotein A‐I (apo A‐I) or B could be identified in the CSF HDL 1 fractions. Large lipoproteins 18.3 ± 6.6 nm in diameter (mean ± SD) in the HDL 1 density range were demonstrated by electron microscopy. Following fast protein liquid chromatography of CSF at physiologic ionic strength, apoE was demonstrated in particles of average size greater than particles containing apoA‐I. The largest lipoproteins separated by this technique contained apoE without apoA‐I. Thus, the presence of large apoE‐containing lipoproteins was confirmed without ultracentrifugation. Interconversion between the more abundant smaller apoE‐HDL subfractions 2 and 3 and the novel larger apoE‐HDL 1 is postulated to mediate a role in cholesterol redistribution in brain.