Characterization of four lipoprotein classes in human cerebrospinal fluid
Open accessAbstract
Lipoprotein metabolism in brain has not yet been fully elucidated, although there are a few reports concerning lipids in the brain and lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To establish normal levels of lipoproteins in human CSF, total cholesterol, phospholipids, and fatty acids as well as apolipoprotein E (apoE) and apoA-I levels were determined in CSF samples from 216 individuals. For particle characterization, lipoproteins from human CSF were isolated by affinity chromatography and analyzed for size, lipid and apolipoprotein composition. Two consecutive immunoaffinity columns with antibodies, first against apoE and subsequently against apoA-I, were used to define four distinct lipoprotein classes. The major lipoprotein fraction consisted of particles of 13;-20 nm containing apoE and apoA-I as well as apoA-IV, apoD, apoH, and apoJ. In the second particle class (13;-18 nm) mainly apoA-I and apoA-II but no apoE was detected. Third, there was a small number of large particles (18;-22 nm) containing no apoA-I but apoE associated with apoA-IV, apoD, and apoJ. In the unbound fraction we detected small particles (10;-12 nm) with low lipid content containing apoA-IV, apoD, apoH, and apoJ. In summary, we established lipid and apolipoprotein levels in CSF in a large group of individuals and described four distinct lipoprotein classes in human CSF, differing in their apolipoprotein pattern, lipid composition, and size. On the basis of our own data and previous findings from other groups, we propose a classification of CSF lipoproteins.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In humans and rodents, ApoE levels in the CSF are 1-5 μg/mL.
“In humans and rodents, ApoE levels in the CSF are 1–5 μg/mL.”
From AAVrh.10-Mediated APOE2 Central Nervous System Gene Therapy for APOE4-Associated Alzheimer's Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [97]
Table 1 in the Discussion reports human CSF ApoE at 0.3 ± 0.2 mg/dL, equivalent to 3 ± 2 μg/mL and consistent with the stated 1–5 μg/mL range. The paper does not provide a corresponding CSF ApoE concentration for rodents, so it does not support that part of the claim. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Antibodies, a laboratory manual
(1989) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/0753-3322(89)90130-3 · Cited by 12,318 · see citing works
Antibodies: A laboratory manual
J.L. (1989) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/0968-0004(89)90307-1 · Cited by 5,141 · see citing works
Neville, D. M. (1971) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61792-2 · Cited by 1,988 · see citing works
Trommsdorff, M., Gotthardt, M., Hiesberger, T., Shelton, J., Stockinger, W., Nimpf, J., Hammer, R. E., Richardson, J. A., & Herz, J. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80782-5 · Cited by 1,261 · see citing works
Pitas, R. E., Boyles, J. K., Lee, S. H., Hui, D., & Weisgraber, K. H. (1987) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47945-8 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E in animal models of CNS injury and in alzheimer's disease
Poirier, J. (1994) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(94)90156-2 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Physiology of the CSF and Blood-Brain Barriers
Davson, H., & Segal, M. B. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Mahley, R. W., & Huang, Y. (1999) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/00041433-199906000-00003 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Phenotypes of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein E after liver transplantation.
Linton, M. F., Gish, R., Hubl, S. T., Bütler, E., Esquivel, C., Bry, W. I., Boyles, J. K., Wardell, M. R., & Young, S. G. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115288 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Clusterin: the intriguing guises of a widely expressed glycoprotein
Jenne, D. E., & Tschopp, J. (1992) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/0968-0004(92)90325-4 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Subfractionation of human high density lipoproteins by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography.
Weisgraber, K. H., & Mahley, R. W. (1980) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39811-4 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Nascent astrocyte particles differ from lipoproteins in CSF
LaDu, M. J., Gilligan, S. M., Lukens, J. R., Cabana, V. G., Reardon, C. A., Van Eldik, L. J., & Holtzman, D. M. (1998) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70052070.x · Cited by 285 · cited 5× · see citing works
“In contrast, apoE particles are synthesized as discoidal pre-cursors from astrocytes (11) and it is hypothesized that they are converted to spherical particles by uptake of cellular cholesterol within the parenchyma of the CNS before reaching the CSF (CSF-LpE).”
InfluentialApolipoproteins in human cerebrospinal fluid.
Roheim, P. S., Carey, M., Forte, T., & Vega, G. L. (1979) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.76.9.4646 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
A rapid micromethod for apolipoprotein E phenotyping directly in serum
Havekes, L. M., de Knijff, P., Beisiegel†, U., HAVINGA, J. R., de Smit, M. H., & Klasen, E. C. (1987) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38697-1 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citationBoyles, J. K., Notterpek, L. M., & Anderson, L. J. (1990) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)38235-8 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
[26] Electron microscopy of negatively stained lipoproteins
Forte, T. M., & Nordhausen, R. W. (1986) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(86)28086-6 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Elshourbagy, N. A., Boguski, M. S., Liao, W. S. ‐., Jefferson, L. S., Gordon, J. I., & Taylor, J. M. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.23.8242 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Fagan, A. M., Bu, G., Sun, Y., Daugherty, A., & Holtzman, D. M. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.47.30121 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Fagan, A. M., Holtzman, D. M., Munson, G., Mathur, T., Schneider, D., Chang, L. K., Getz, G. S., Reardon, C. A., Lukens, J., Shah, J. A., et al. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.42.30001 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Lipoproteins in the Central Nervous System
LaDu, M. J., Reardon, C. A., Eldik, L. J. V., Fagan, A. M., Bu, G., HOLTZMAN, D., & Getz, G. S. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06365.x · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Increased lipoprotein oxidation in alzheimer’s disease
Schippling, S., Kontush, A., Arlt, S., Buhmann, C., Stürenburg, H.-J., Mann, U. M., Müller‐Thomsen, T., & Beisiegel†, U. (2000) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00247-6 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationThe neurobiology of apolipoproteins and their receptors in the CNS and Alzheimer's disease
Beffert, U. (1998) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00008-3 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Demeester, N., Castro, G., Desrumaux, C. M., Geitere, C. D., Fruchart, J., Santens, P., Mulleners, E., Engelborghs, S., Deyn, P. P. D., Vandekerckhove, J. S., et al. (2000) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)32039-3 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Characterization of subpopulations of lipoprotein particles isolated from human cerebrospinal fluid
Borghini, I., Barja, F., Pometta, D., & James, R. W. (1995) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0005-2760(94)00232-n · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Koudinov, A. R., Koudinova, N. V., Kumar, A. R., Beavis, R. C., & Ghiso, J. A. (1996) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.0940 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Expression of apolipoprotein E mRNA in rat microglia
Nakai, M., Kawamata, T., Taniguchi, T., Maeda, K., & Tanaka, C. (1996) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12716-6 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Mulder, M. T., Ravid, R., Swaab, D. F., de Kloet, E. R., Haasdijk, E. D., Julk, J., van der Boom, J., & Havekes, L. M. (1998) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002093-199809000-00012 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E is reduced in Alzheimerʼs disease
Blennow, K., Hesse, C., & Fredman, P. (1994) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199412000-00032 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Clinical relevance of the quantification of apolipoprotein E in cerebrospinal fluid
Carlsson, J., Armstrong, V. W., Reiber, H., Felgenhauer, K., & Seidel, D. (1991) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(91)90070-s · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Localization of sulfated glycoprotein‐2/clusterin mRNA in the rat brain by in situ hybridization
Danik, M., Chabot, J., Hassan‐gonzalez, D., Suh, M., & Quirion, R. (1993) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903340205 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Ong, W., He, Y., Suresh, S., & Patel, S. C. (1997) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00608-2 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Synthesis and regulation of lipoprotein lipase in the hippocampus.
Ben-Zeev, O., Doolittle, M., Singh, N., Chang, C., & Schotz, M. (1990) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)42640-9 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Caronti, B., Calderaro, C., Alessandri, C., et al. (1999) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00770.x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Astrocytes synthesize and secrete the lipophilic ligand carrier apolipoprotein D
Patel, S. C., Asotra, K., Patel, Y., McConathy, W. J., Patel, R. C., & Suresh, S. (1995) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199503000-00017 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Ito, J., Zhang, L., Asai, M., & Yokoyama, S. (1999) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0722362.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Rebeck, G. W., Alonzo, N. C., Berezovska, O., Harr, S. D., Knowles, R. B., Growdon, J. H., Hyman, B. T., & Mendez, A. J. (1998) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1997.6710 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Mechanisms of lipid peroxidation in human blood plasma: a kinetic approach
Karten, B., Beisiegel†, U., Gercken, G., & Kontush, A. (1997) · Chemistry and Physics of Lipids · doi:10.1016/s0009-3084(97)00038-8 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationSpinal cord of the rat contains more lipoprotein lipase than other brain regions
Bessesen, D., Richards, C., Etienne, J., Goers, J., & Eckel, R. (1993) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)40750-3 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Central nervous system lipoproteins in Alzheimer's disease.
Montine, T. J., Montine, K. S., & Swift, L. L. (1997) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 56 · see citing works
THE COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Illingworth, D. R., & Glover, J. (1971) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1971.tb12006.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The Role of Apolipoprotein A-IV in Food Intake Regulation
Tso, P., Liu, M., & Kalogeris, T. J. (1999) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/129.8.1503 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Yamauchi, K., Tozuka, M., Nakabayashi, T., Sugano, M., Hidaka, H., Kondo, Y., & Katsuyama, T. (1999) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/45.4.497 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Guyton, J. R., Miller, S., Martin, M. E., Khan, W. A., Roses, A. D., & Strittmatter, W. J. (1998) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70031235.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Study of lipids in cerebrospinal fluid
Tourtellotte, W. W. (1959) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.9.6.375 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E allelic influence on human cerebrospinal fluid apolipoproteins
Montine, K. S., Bassett, C. N., Ou, J. J., Markesbery, W. R., Swift, L. L., & Montine, T. J. (1998) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)33324-1 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Injury‐induced Synthesis and Release of Apolipoprotein E and Clusterin from Rat Neural Cells
Messmer, S., Sagot, Y., Mattenberger, L., James, R. W., & Kato, A. C. (1996) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01560.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
High-density lipoprotein and cerebral endothelial cells in vitro: Interactions and transport
de Vries, H. E., Breedveld, B., Kuiper, J., Boer, A. G. D., van Berkel, T. J. C., & Breimer, D. D. (1995) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(95)00127-l · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's disease: a genetic, molecular and neuroimaging review.
Swartz, R. H., Black, S. E., & George‐Hyslop, P. S. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 35 · see citing works
On the origin of the lipoproteins in the cerebrospinal fluid
Swahn, B., Brönnestam, R., & Dencker, S. J. (1961) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.11.5.437 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Zerr, I., Helmhold, M., Poser, S., Armstrong, V. W., & Weber, T. (1996) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1996.00550120041014 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Farstad, M. (1965) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365516509077060 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Automated determination of apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein E in cerebrospinal fluid.
Rifai, N., Christenson, R. H., Gelman, B. B., & Silverman, L. M. (1986) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/32.12.2207a · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
ApoE Promotes the Proteolytic Degradation of Aβ
Jiang, Q., Lee, C. Y. D., Mandrekar, S., Wilkinson, B., Cramer, P., Zelcer, N., Mann, K., Lamb, B., Willson, T. M., Collins, J. L., et al. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.04.010 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
Central Nervous System Lipoproteins: ApoE and Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism
Mahley, R. W. (2016) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.116.307023 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Cholesterol metabolism in neurons and astrocytes
Pfrieger, F. W., & Ungerer, N. (2011) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2011.06.002 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Durakoglugil, M. S., Xian, X., & Herz, J. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0914984107 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Clusterin in Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms, Genetics, and Lessons From Other Pathologies
Foster, E. M., Dangla-Valls, A., Lovestone, S., Ribe, E. M., & Buckley, N. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00164 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Mandrekar-Colucci, S., Karlo, J. C., & Landreth, G. E. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5268-11.2012 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
“ApoA1 is an HDL-associated apolipoprotein which is lipidated by ABCA1 and acts in a similar fashion to ApoE in the periphery (Koch et al., 2001; Denis et al., 2004; Smith et al., 2004), and has been shown to bind to A (Koldamova et al., 2005b) and promote A degradation (Jiang et al., 2008).”
BackgroundHuman<i>APOE</i>Isoform-Dependent Effects on Brain β-Amyloid Levels in PDAPP Transgenic Mice
Bales, K. R., Liu, F., Wu, S., Lin, S., Koger, D., DeLong, C., Hansen, J. C., Sullivan, P. M., & Paul, S. M. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0887-09.2009 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
HDL and cholesterol handling in the brain
Vitali, C., Wellington, C. L., & Calabresi, L. (2014) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvu148 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
What are lipoproteins doing in the brain?
Wang, H., & Eckel, R. H. (2014) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2013.10.003 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Hirsch-Reinshagen, V., Maia, L. F., Burgess, B. L., Blain, J.-F., Naus, K. E., McIsaac, S. A., Parkinson, P. F., Chan, J. Y., Tansley, G. H., Hayden, M. R., et al. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m508781200 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
miR-106b impairs cholesterol efflux and increases Aβ levels by repressing ABCA1 expression
Kim, J., Yoon, H., Ramírez, C. M., Lee, S.-M., Hoe, H.-S., Fernández-Hernando, C., & Kim, J. (2012) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.11.010 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
AAVrh.10-Mediated APOE2 Central Nervous System Gene Therapy for APOE4-Associated Alzheimer's Disease
Rosenberg, J. B., Kaplitt, M. G., De, B. P., Chen, A., Flagiello, T., Salami, C., Pey, E., Zhao, L., Ricart Arbona, R. J., Monette, S., et al. (2018) · Human Gene Therapy Clinical Development · doi:10.1089/humc.2017.231 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E and cholesterol in aging and disease in the brain
de Chaves, E. P., Narayanaswami, V., Christoffersen, C., & Nielsen, L. B. (2008) · Future Lipidology · doi:10.2217/17460875.3.5.505 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Cholesterol: A Novel Regulatory Role in Myelin Formation
Saher, G., Quintes, S., & Nave, K.-A. (2011) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858410373835 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1: From metabolism to neurodegeneration
Koldamova, R., Fitz, N. F., & Lefterov, I. (2014) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2014.05.007 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Fung, K. Y., Wang, C., Nyegaard, S., Heit, B., Fairn, G. D., & Lee, W. L. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00841 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Kaiser, K., Gyllborg, D., Procházka, J., Salašová, A., Kompaníková, P., Molina, F. L., Laguna-Goya, R., Radaszkiewicz, T., Harnoš, J., Procházková, M., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09298-4 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E Genotype Affects Size of ApoE Complexes in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Heinsinger, N. M., Gachechiladze, M. A., & Rebeck, G. W. (2016) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlw067 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The generation and function of soluble apoE receptors in the CNS
Rebeck, G. W., LaDu, M. J., Estus, S., Bu, G., & Weeber, E. J. (2006) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-1-15 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Cholesterol Dysmetabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Starring Role for Astrocytes?
Staurenghi, E., Giannelli, S., Testa, G., Sottero, B., Leonarduzzi, G., & Gamba, P. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10121890 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Structural Analysis of Lipoprotein E Particles
Schneeweis, L. A., Koppaka, V., Lund-Katz, S., Phillips, M. C., & Axelsen, P. H. (2005) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi050872j · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Age-related influence of the HDL receptor SR-BI on synaptic plasticity and cognition
Chang, E. H., Rigotti, A., & Huerta, P. T. (2009) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.07.006 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Sharman, M. J., Shui, G., Fernandis, A. Z., Lim, W. L. F., Berger, T., Hone, E., Taddei, K., Martins, I. J., Ghiso, J., Buxbaum, J. D., et al. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-1348 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Merrill, N. J., Davidson, W. S., He, Y., Díaz Ludovico, I., Sarkar, S., Berger, M. R., McDermott, J. E., Van Eldik, L. J., Wilcock, D. M., Monroe, M. E., et al. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi5571 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
High-density lipoprotein-related cholesterol metabolism in Alzheimer's disease
Pedrini, S., Chatterjee, P., Hone, E., & Martins, R. N. (2021) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15170 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
MicroRNAs in brain cholesterol metabolism and their implications for Alzheimer's disease
Yoon, H., Flores, L. F., & Kim, J. (2016) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.04.020 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“While APOE in plasma is primarily found in the large lipoprotein particles, such as chylomicron, APOE in CSF is predominantly found in the HDL-like particles [42].”
Background
- Authors
- Koch, S., Donarski, N., Goetze, K., Kreckel, M., Stuerenburg, H.-J., Buhmann, C., & Beisiegel, U.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- ORCID
- Buhmann, Carsten
- Venue
- Journal of Lipid Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-07
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1143-1151
- ISSN
- 0022-2275 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1927965099
- Cited by
- 298
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 11.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Lipid Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
- Keywords
- lipoprotein classification, apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein A-IV, apolipoprotein D, beta2-glycoprotein I, clusterin, lipoprotein particle size, phospholipids, fatty acids, cholesterol, immunoaffinity chromatography
- MeSH terms
- Apolipoproteins E, Cholesterol, Chromatography, Affinity, Chromatography, Gel, Fatty Acids, Female, Humans, Lipoproteins, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Phospholipids, Blotting, Western, Apolipoprotein A-I
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
