CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 165Lipid Membrane Structure and BehaviorAdvancements in Transdermal Drug DeliverySphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling

Phase Behavior of Stratum Corneum Lipid Mixtures Based on Human Ceramides: The Role of Natural and Synthetic Ceramide 1

Open access
Bouwstra, Joke A., Gooris, Gert S., Dubbelaar, Frank E.R., Ponec, Maja·2002·Journal of Investigative Dermatology
DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01706.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

In a recent study the lipid phase behavior of mixtures of human ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids has been examined. We observed in cholesterol: human ceramide mixtures a prominent formation of the 12.8 nm lamellar phase (referred to as the long periodicity phase). Addition of free fatty acids promoted the formation of a 5.6 nm lamellar phase (referred to as the short periodicity phase) and increased the subpopulation of lipids forming a fluid phase. In this study we focused on the role of human ceramide 1, as the presence of this ceramide appeared to be crucial for proper lipid phase behavior in mixtures prepared with ceramide isolated from pig stratum corneum. In order to do this, mixtures of cholesterol and free fatty acids were prepared with human ceramides, in which natural human ceramide 1 was replaced by either synthetic CER1-linoleate (CER1-lin), or CER1-oleate (CER1-ol), or CER1-stearate (CER1-ste). After substitution of natural human ceramide 1 by synthetic ceramide 1 the following observations were made. (i) In the presence of synthetic CER1-ste no long periodicity phase and no liquid phase could be detected. (ii) In the presence of HCER1-ol a liquid phase was more prominently formed than in the presence of HCER1-lin. (iii) In cholesterol:human ceramide mixtures in the presence of CER1-lin the long periodicity phase was more prominently present than in the presence of CER1-ol. (iv) In the presence of CER1-ste neither a long periodicity phase nor a liquid lateral packing could be detected. The results of these studies further indicate that for the formation of the long periodicity phase a certain (optimal) fraction of lipids has to form a liquid phase. When the fraction forming this liquid phase is either too low or too high, the formation of the short periodicity phase is increased at the expense of the formation of the long periodicity phase. Based on the results of this and previous studies we offer an explanation for the deviation in lipid organization in diseased and in dry skin compared to normal skin.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01706.x

Cites

40 of 40 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • EO ceramides are epidermis-specific ceramide classes.

    “EO ceramides are epidermisspecific ceramide classes, and their characteristic EO structure is important for the formation and stabilization of lipid organization in the lipid lamellae (18,19).”

    From Comparative profiling and comprehensive quantification of stratum corneum ceramides in humans and mice by LC/MS/MS (2020) · cites this paper as [18]

    The paper’s introductory discussion describes human ceramides 1 and 4 with the characteristic ester-linked structure as ceramides isolated from the stratum corneum. It does not establish that these classes are specific to the epidermis rather than also occurring elsewhere. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The characteristic EO structure is important for the formation and stabilization of lipid organization in the lipid lamellae.

    “EO ceramides are epidermisspecific ceramide classes, and their characteristic EO structure is important for the formation and stabilization of lipid organization in the lipid lamellae (18,19).”

    From Comparative profiling and comprehensive quantification of stratum corneum ceramides in humans and mice by LC/MS/MS (2020) · cites this paper as [18]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) concludes that human ceramide 1 plays an important role in forming the long-periodicity lamellar phase and that its acyl-chain structure affects lamellar organization. This supports the formation part of the claim, but the paper does not establish that the EO structure stabilizes an existing lipid organization. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Bouwstra, J. A., Gooris, G. S., Dubbelaar, F. E. R., & Ponec, M.
Affiliations
  • Leiden University (NL)
  • Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
Corresponding author
Bouwstra, Joke A.
ORCID
Bouwstra, Joke A.
Venue
Journal of Investigative Dermatology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2002-04
Volume
118
Issue
4
Pages
606-617
ISSN
0022-202X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01706.x
OpenAlex
W2085492412
Cited by
165
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
FWCI
2.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
Keywords
stratum corneum lipids, cholesterol, free fatty acids, lipid phase behavior, lamellar phase, liquid phase, skin barrier, dry skin, lipid organization
MeSH terms
Animals, Ceramides, Cholesterol, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Humans, Lipid Bilayers, Skin, Swine, X-Ray Diffraction

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review