The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of health services: Bias, preferences, or poor communication?
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Culture, Illness, and Care: Clinical Lessons from Anthropologic and Cross-Cultural Research
KLEINMAN, A., EISENBERG, L., & GOOD, B. (1978) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-88-2-251 · Cited by 2,906
Doctor-patient communication: a review of the literature
Ong, L. M. L., de Haes, J. C. J. M., Hoos, A. M., & Lammes, F. B. (1995) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)00155-m · Cited by 2,430
Race, Gender, and Partnership in the Patient-Physician Relationship
Cooper-Patrick, L. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.6.583 · Cited by 2,148
Assessing the Effects of Physician-Patient Interactions on the Outcomes of Chronic Disease
Kaplan, S. H., Greenfield, S., & Ware, J. E. (1989) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198903001-00010 · Cited by 2,043
The Effect of Race and Sex on Physicians' Recommendations for Cardiac Catheterization
Schulman, K. A., Berlin, J. A., Harless, W., Kerner, J. F., Sistrunk, S., Gersh, B. J., Dubé, R., Taleghani, C. K., Burke, J. E., Williams, S., et al. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199902253400806 · Cited by 1,934
Handbook of Interpersonal Communication
(2008) · doi:10.1515/9783110211399 · Cited by 1,778
Expanding Patient Involvement in Care: Effects on Patient Outcomes
GREENFIELD, S., KAPLAN, S., & WARE, J. E. (1985) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-102-4-520 · Cited by 1,413
Greenfield, S., Kaplan, S. H., Ware, J. E., Yano, E. M., & Frank, H. J. L. (1988) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02595921 · Cited by 1,119
Levinson, W. (1997) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540310051034 · Cited by 1,119
Meta-analysis of correlates of provider behavior in medical encounters
Hall, J. A., Roter, D. L., & Katz, N. R. (1988) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198807000-00002 · Cited by 1,069
Cited by
Cultural differences in medical communication: A review of the literature
Schouten, B. C., & Meeuwesen, L. (2006) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2005.11.014 · Cited by 678
Trends in Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Access to Mental Health Care, 2004–2012
Cook, B. L., Trinh, N.-H., Li, Z., Hou, S. S.-Y., & Progovac, A. M. (2017) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201500453 · Cited by 546
‘Diagnostic overshadowing’: worse physical health care for people with mental illness
Jones, S., Howard, L., & Thornicroft, G. (2008) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01211.x · Cited by 475
Racial/Ethnic and Gender Disparities in Health Care Use and Access
Manuel, J. I. (2018) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12705 · Cited by 378
Siminoff, L. A., Graham, G. C., & Gordon, N. H. (2006) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2006.06.011 · Cited by 354
Metadata
- Authors
- Ashton, C. M., Haidet, P., Paterniti, D. A., Collins, T. C., Gordon, H. S., O’Malley, K., Petersen, L. A., Sharf, B. F., Suarez-Almazor, M. E., Wray, N. P., & Street, R. L.
- Venue
- Journal of General Internal Medicine
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 146-152
- ISSN
- 0884-8734 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-1497
- OpenAlex
- W2039832805
- Cited by
- 494
- References
- 48
- FWCI
- 58.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of health services: Bias, preferences, or poor communication? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.20532.x
- The paper
- Ashton, C. M., Haidet, P., Paterniti, D. A., Collins, T. C., Gordon, H. S., O’Malley, K., Petersen, L. A., Sharf, B. F., Suarez-Almazor, M. E., Wray, N. P., & Street, R. L. (2003). Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of health services: Bias, preferences, or poor communication? Journal of General Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.20532.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
