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Mg isotopic ratios in giant stars of the globular cluster NGC 6752
Open accessAbstract
Mg isotopic abundance ratios are measured in 20 bright red giants in globular cluster NGC 6752 based on very high-resolution (), high signal-to-noise spectra obtained with UVES on the VLT. There is a considerable spread in the ratio 24Mg:25Mg:26Mg with values ranging from 53:9:39 to 83:10:7. We measured the abundances of O, Na, Mg, Al, and Fe combining our sample with 21 RGB bump stars (Grundahl et al. 2002). The abundances of the samples are consistent and exhibit the usual anticorrelations between O–Na and Mg–Al. A positive correlation is found between 26Mg and Al, a mild anticorrelation is found between 24Mg and Al, while no correlation is found between 25Mg and Al. None of the elemental or isotopic abundances show a dependence on evolutionary status and, as shown by Gratton et al. (2001), the abundance variations exist even in main sequence stars. This strongly suggests that the star-to-star abundance variations are a result of varying degrees of pollution with intermediate mass AGB stars being likely polluters. Consideration of the extremes of the abundance variations provides the composition of the ambient material and the processed material. In the least contaminated stars (lowest Na and Al and highest O and Mg abundances), we infer a Mg isotopic ratio around 80:10:10 and a composition ([O/Fe], [Na/Fe], [Mg/Fe], [Al/Fe]) (0.6, -0.1, 0.5, 0.0). In the most polluted stars, we find a Mg isotopic ratio around 60:10:30 and a composition ([O/Fe], [Na/Fe], [Mg/Fe], [Al/Fe]) (-0.1, 0.6, 0.3, 1.2). Even for the least polluted stars, the abundances of 25Mg and 26Mg relative to 24Mg are considerably higher than predicted for ejecta from supernovae. Zero metallicity AGB stars may be responsible for these higher abundances. Our measured Mg isotopic ratios reveal another layer to the globular cluster star-to-star abundance variations that demands extensions of our present theoretical knowledge of stellar nucleosynthesis by giant stars.
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“However, contrary to this trend, Yong et al. (2003) found that r Mg can reach high values for some giant stars in the globular cluster NGC 6752 with metallicity [Fe/ H] $ À 1:6.”
From Fundamental constants: from measurement to the universe, a window on gravitation and cosmology (2025) · cites this paper as Yong et al. 2003
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Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–149 of 149
Role of Supergiants in the Formation of Globular Clusters
Szécsi, D., & Wünsch, R. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaf4be · Cited by 23
“For example, why do we see multiple stellar populations in practically all GCs (e.g. Yong et al. 2003; Gratton et al. 2004; Harris 2010; Da Costa et al. 2013; Bastian & Lardo 2018), and possibly in other clusters with ages up to 2 Gyr (e.g. Martocchia et al. 2018a)?”
BackgroundThe cosmic evolution of magnesium isotopes
Vangioni–Flam, E., & Olive, K. A. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz210 · Cited by 22
“Data come from different sources (Yong et al. 2003a,b, 2006, 2013; Meléndez & Cohen 2007, 2009; Da Costa et al. 2013; Shetrone 1996; Arnone et al. 2005; Gay & Lambert 2000).”
BackgroundWilliams, M., Lennarz, A., Laird, A. M., Battino, U., José, J., Connolly, D., Ruiz, C., Chen, A., Davids, B., Esker, N. E., et al. (2020) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.102.035801 · Cited by 22
RUBIDIUM ABUNDANCES IN THE GLOBULAR CLUSTERS NGC 6752, NGC 1904, AND NGC 104 (47 Tuc)
D’Orazi, V., Lugaro, M. A., Campbell, S. W., Bragaglia, A., Carretta, E., Gratton, R., Lucatello, S., & D'Antona, F. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/776/1/59 · Cited by 21
The fraction of first- and second-generation stars in globular clusters
Carretta, E. (2013) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322103/pdf · Cited by 19
Cognata, M. L., Palmerini, S., Adsley, P., Hammache, F., Pietro, A. D., Figuera, P. P., Dell’Agli, F., Alba, R., Cherubini, S., Guardo, G. L., et al. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac9c5e · Cited by 19
“…the theoretical models, since the production, the destruction, or the buildup of 24Mg is very sensitive to the temperature of the stellar H-burning (Yong et al. 2003), in particular in the quite narrow 0.07 T9 0.08 range, where T9 is the temperature expressed in GK. Mg and Al isotopes participate…”
BackgroundInfluentialJohnson, C. I., Caldwell, N., Rich, R. M., Mateo, M. L., & Bailey, J. I. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz587 · Cited by 19
“However, previous work on other clusters has shown that clear variations in the 24Mg, 25Mg, and 26Mg isotope ratios are only detected when [Al/Fe] enhancements are large (e.g. Shetrone 1996; Yong et al. 2003; Sneden et al. 2004; Da Costa, Norris & Yong 2013; Ventura et al. 2018).”
BackgroundThermal Stability of Rotating Low‐Mass Subgiants and Red Giants
Denissenkov, P. A., & VandenBerg, D. A. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/378954 · Cited by 19
“Although the lower temperatures predicted by current models are high enough for 25Mg and 26Mg to burn, it is unlikely that these isotopes are the origin of the Al enhancements, because the underabundance of magnesium and the overabundance of Al are both so large (Shetrone 1996; Yong et al. 2003).”
BackgroundHigh-resolution Spectroscopic Abundances of Red Giant Branch Stars in NGC 6681* †
O’Malley, E. M., Knaizev, A., McWilliam, A., & Chaboyer, B. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7b72 · Cited by 18
“A line list for 23 elements was compiled from a number of studies (Gratton et al. 2003; Yong et al. 2003, 2005; Alves-Britto et al. 2005; Marino et al. 2015; Koch et al. 2016) and is provided in Table 2.”
BackgroundMagnesium isotopes: a tool to understand self-enrichment in globular clusters
Ventura, P., D'Antona, F. A., Imbriani, G., Criscienzo, M. D., Dell’Agli, F., & Tailo, M. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty635 · Cited by 18
“The most recent results have confirmed the early discovery that the isotopic magnesium ratios in NGC 6752 (Yong et al. 2003) do not agree with the abundance ratios pre- 1 For instance, in the AGB scenario, the abundance of sodium in SG stars depends in great part also on the effect of the second…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialCognata, M. L., Palmerini, S., Adsley, P., Hammache, F., Pietro, A. D., Figuera, P. P., Alba, R., Cherubini, S., Dell’Agli, F., Guardo, G. L., et al. (2022) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2022.136917 · Cited by 17
Palmerini, S., Cognata, M. L., Hammache, F., Acosta, L., Alba, R., Burjan, V., Chávez, E., Cherubini, S., Cvetinović, A., D’Agata, G., et al. (2021) · The European Physical Journal Plus · doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01872-4 · Cited by 17
Coelho, P., Percival, S. M., & Salaris, M. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/734/1/72 · Cited by 16
“…the RGB bump, observations point to the efficiency of some deep mixing process that decreases the surface C and increases N in all cluster stars (Yong et al. 2003; Gratton et al. 2004; Sneden et al. 2004), similarly to the case of field Halo stars (Gratton et al. 2000), whereas the ONa pattern…”
ResultCosmic chemical evolution with an early population of intermediate-mass stars
Vangioni–Flam, E., Silk, J. I., Olive, K. A., & Fields, B. D. (2011) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18372.x · Cited by 14
“Several observations (Shetrone 1996; Yong et al. 2003a,b) indicate enhancements of the neutron-rich isotopes in low metallicity stars which could necessitate the presence of an early population of IM stars (Alibés et al. 2001; Fenner et al. 2003; Ashenfelter et al. 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialLotay, G., Doherty, D. T., Seweryniak, D., Almaraz-Calderon, S. J., Carpenter, M. P., Chiara, C. J., David, H. M., Hoffman, C. R., Janssens, R. V. F., Kankainen, A., et al. (2019) · The European Physical Journal A · doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12791-5 · Cited by 15
The chemical composition of red giants in 47 Tucanae
Thygesen, A. O., Sbordone, L., Ludwig, H. ‐., Ventura, P., Yong, D., Collet, R., Christlieb, N., Meléndez, J., & Zaggia, S. R. (2016) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526643 · Cited by 15
“This was noted already in the study of NGC6752 by Yong et al. (2003a), and the same pattern is observed for other GCs with measured isotopic ratios of Mg.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationSuda, T., & Fujimoto, M. Y. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/503181 · Cited by 15
“The origin of the abundance anomalies is further constrained by the discovery of Shetrone (1996b) that, among the magnesium isotopes, 24Mg is depleted but 25Mg and 26Mg are not (see also Shetrone 1998; Yong et al. 2003).”
BackgroundStellar populations in star clusters
Li, C.-Y., de Grijs, R., & Deng, L.-C. (2016) · Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1088/1674-4527/16/12/179 · Cited by 14
“A similar Mg–Al anticorrelation has also been found in GCs (e.g., Gratton et al. 2001; Yong et al. 2003); for more details, see Gratton et al. (2004, 2012).”
BackgroundSupergiants and their shells in young globular clusters
Szécsi, D., Mackey, J., & Langer, N. (2017) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731500 · Cited by 14
“When it comes to Mg, it is not only the sum of all three Mg-isotopes that is measured, but the ratios of them as well (Yong et al. 2003, 2006; Da Costa et al. 2013).”
BackgroundSmith, G. H. (2008) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/592198 · Cited by 13
VandenBerg, D. A., Edvardsson, B., Casagrande, L., & Ferguson, J. W. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2996 · Cited by 12
Supergiants and their shells in young globular clusters
Szécsi, D., Mackey, J., & Langer, N. (2018) · Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731500/pdf · Cited by 12
GALACTIC GLOBULAR CLUSTER NGC 6752 AND ITS STELLAR POPULATION AS INFERRED FROM MULTICOLOR PHOTOMETRY
Kravtsov, V. V., Alcaino, G., Marconi, G., & Alvarado, F. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/783/1/56 · Cited by 11
Thygesen, A. O., Kirby, E. N., Gallagher, A. J., Ludwig, H. ‐., Caffau, E., Bonifacio, P., & Sbordone, L. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa79a0 · Cited by 11
“…enrichment timescales of old stellar populations like globular clusters (e.g. Yong et al. 2003a, Meléndez & Cohen 2009, Da Costa et al. 2013, and Thygesen et al. 2016) as well as for stars belonging to the MW halo (e.g. McWilliam & Lambert 1988, Yong et al. 2003b, and Meléndez & Cohen 2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTrimble, V., & Aschwanden, M. J. (2004) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/383241 · Cited by 11
The chemical evolution of globular clusters - II. Metals and fluorine
Sánchez–Blázquez, P., Marcolini, A., Gibson, B. K., Karakas, A. I., Pilkington, K., & Calura, F. (2011) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19793.x · Cited by 9
“…the abundances of light elements (i.e, Li, C, N, O, F, Na, Mg, and Al) (e.g. Smith 1987; Kraft et al. 1993; Grundahl et al. 2002; Cohen et al. 2002; Yong et al. 2003; Sneden et al. 2004; Yong et al. 2005; Pasquini et al. 2005; Cohen & Meléndez 2005; Smith et al. 2005; Carretta et al. 2006;…”
BackgroundMucciarelli, A., Lapenna, E., Lardo, C., Bonifacio, P., Ferraro, F. R., & Lanzoni, B. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaf3a4 · Cited by 9
“In agreement with the results of L16, objects with the highest Na and the lowest O abundances observed among the RGB stars are missing along the AGB (see also Carretta et al. 2009; Yong et al. 2003).”
ResultA Formation Timescale of the Galactic Halo from Mg Isotopes in Dwarf Stars*
Carlos, M., Karakas, A. I., Cohen, J. G., Kobayashi, C., & Meléndez, J. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab36c · Cited by 9
Weiss, A. (2008) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2008/t133/014025 · Cited by 8
Cosmic Chemical Evolution with an Early Population of Intermediate Mass StarsPreprint
Vangioni–Flam, E., Silk, J. I., Olive, K. A., & Fields, B. D. (2010) · Cited by 11
Mg and Al production in intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch stars
Karakas, A. I., Lugaro, M. A., Ugalde, C., Wiescher, M., & Görres, J. (2006) · New Astronomy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.013 · Cited by 7
Chemical Abundances as Population Tracers
Nissen, P. E. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5612-0_2 · Cited by 7
“In addition, Yong et al. (2003) have revealed a correlation between the heavy magnesium isotope 26Mg and Al in NGC6752 by determining Mg isotope ratios from the profiles of MgH lines near 5140 Å.”
BackgroundSelf-citationAikawa, M., Fujimoto, M. Y., & Katō, K. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/420814 · Cited by 7
Discovery of Globular Cluster Candidates in the Dwarf Irregular Galaxy IC 2574 Using HST/ACS Imaging
Karim, N., Collins, M., Forbes, D. A., & Read, J. I. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae611 · Cited by 5
Magnesium isotope ratios in Milky Way and dwarf galaxy stars
McKenzie, M., Monty, S., Yong, D., Kobayashi, C., Karakas, A. I., Nissen, P. E., Norris, J. E., Rains, A. D., Mura-Guzmán, A., Wang, E. X., et al. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slae077 · Cited by 5
Self-citationAppendix A : The atomic physics of oxygen
Stasińska, G., Prantzos, N., Meynet, G., Simón‐Díaz, S., Chiappini, C., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Charbonnel, C., Ludwig, H. ‐., Mendoza, C., Grevesse, N., et al. (2012) · EAS Publications Series · doi:10.1051/eas/1254005 · Cited by 5
Santra, R., Chakraborty, S., & Roy, S. (2020) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.101.025802 · Cited by 5
Abundance Anomalies in NGC6752 - Do AGB Stars Have a Role?
Campbell, S. W., Fenner, Y., Karakas, A. I., Lattanzio, J. C., & Gibson, B. K. (2005) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.05.046 · Cited by 4
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Self-citationThygesen, A. O., Kirby, E. N., Gallagher, A. J., Ludwig, H. ‐., Caffau, E., Bonifacio, P., & Sbordone, L. (2017) · Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics · Cited by 3
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“Yong et al. (2003) reported observed abundances in 20 bright -1 -0.5 0 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 [Fe/H] Fig.”
InfluentialFréour, L., Zocchi, A., van de Ven, G., & Pancino, E. (2024) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348036 · Cited by 2
Galactic globular clusters: Ideal laboratories to test stellar nucleosynthesis?
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“…fine structure constant (Ashenfelter, Mathews & Olive 2004), to anomalies observed in some globular clusters stars (Yong et al. 2003a), observations of fields stars of different metallicities (Yong et al. 2003b) and measurements of the Mg isotopic ratios in pre-solar grains (Zinner et al. 2004).”
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Tailo, M., Milone, A. P., Marino, A. F., D'Antona, F., Legnardi, M. V., Ziliotto, T., Lagioia, E. P., Jang, S., Bortolan, E., Ventura, P., et al. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452660
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yong, D., Grundahl, F., Lambert, D. L., Nissen, P. E., & Shetrone, M. D.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- McDonald Observatory (US)
- Venue
- Astronomy & Astrophysics
- Publisher
- EDP Sciences
- Published
- 2003-04-23
- Volume
- 402
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 985-1001
- ISSN
- 0004-6361 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0746
- OpenAlex
- W2163849321
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 10.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Astronomy and Astrophysics (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Welch Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Keywords
- NGC 6752, globular clusters, red giants, stellar nucleosynthesis, star-to-star abundance variations, chemical pollution, 26Mg, 25Mg, 24Mg, supernova ejecta
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