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Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees
Open accessAbstract
This review synthesizes the available knowledge on drought-disease interactions in forest trees with a focus on (1) evidence and patterns of drought-disease interactions, (2) current understanding of processes and mechanisms, and (3) three well documented cases studies.The first part is based on the analysis of a database of slightly more than one hundred studies, obtained by keyword searches combining drought, diseases or pathogens, and forest trees.A large majority of published studies referred to a positive association between drought and disease, i.e. disease favoured by drought or drought and disease acting synergistically on tree health status, with a predominance of canker/dieback diseases, caused by pathogens like Botryosphaeria, Sphaeropsis, Cytospora and Biscognauxia (Hypoxylon).The type of disease-related variables (incidence vs. severity) and the intensity and timing of water stress were shown to be significant factors affecting the drought-infection interaction.Interactions with other abiotic stresses and species-specific and genetic effects, related to host or pathogen, have also been reported.Direct effects of drought on pathogens are generally negative, although most fungal pathogens exhibit an important plasticity and can grow at water potentials well below the minimum for growth of their host plants.Studies on indirect effects of drought on pathogens through other community interactions are still relatively scarce.Positive drought-infection effects can mostly be explained by indirect effects of drought on host physiology.The predisposition and the multiple stress hypotheses are presented, as well as recent developments in the study of the molecular basis of abiotic and biotic stress, and their interactions.Sphaeropsis sapinea on pines, Biscognauxia mediterranea on oaks and root pathogens in declines associated with drought provide illustrative examples, treated as case studies, of pathogens of current significance associated with drought.The conclusion highlights some knowledge gaps, e.g. the role of latent parasites and the shift to a pathogenic stage, or the genetics of some fungal groups.The need for prevention of pathogen dispersal, especially crucial in the case of latent pathogens, is emphasized.drought / water stress / pathogenic fungi / predisposition / forest trees Résumé -Interactions entre sécheresse et agents pathogènes chez les arbres forestiers.Cette revue synthétise les connaissances actuelles sur les interactions entre sécheresse et maladies chez les arbres forestiers, avec trois grandes parties : (1) description des types d'interaction ; (2) connaissances acquises sur les mécanismes impliqués ; (3) trois études de cas bien étudiées.La première partie est basée sur l'analyse d'une base de données d'une centaine d'études, sélectionnées par recherche sur mots clés.La plupart de ces études se rapportent à des maladies favorisées par la sécheresse ou à un effet synergique entre sécheresse et maladie sur l'état sanitaire des arbres, avec une prédominance de maladies à chancres ou de rameaux, causées par des espèces des genres Botryosphaeria, Sphaeropsis, Cytospora et Biscognauxia (Hypoxylon).Un effet significatif de l'intensité et de la durée du stress est montré dans certains cas sur le développement des maladies.Les effets de la sécheresse peuvent être différents selon qu'il s'agit de variables liées à l'incidence ou à la sévérité de la maladie.Des interactions avec d'autres stress abiotiques ou en relation avec des effets génétiques ou spécifiques ont également été décrits.Les effets directs de la sécheresse sur les pathogènes sont généralement négatifs, mais les champignons montrent une grande plasticité et peuvent généralement se développer à des potentiels hydriques inférieurs à ceux inhibant la croissance de leurs hôtes.Les effets positifs entre sécheresse et infection s'expliquent principalement par des effets indirects sur la physiologie des hôtes.Les hypothèses sur la prédisposition et les stress multiples sont présentées, ainsi que les développements récents sur les bases moléculaires des stress et de leurs interactions.Les trois études de cas concernent Sphaeropsis sapinea sur pins, Biscognauxia mediterranea sur chênes et l'interaction entre pathogènes racinaires et sécheresse dans les dépérissements.Dans la conclusion, quelques perspectives de recherche à privilégier sont mentionnées, comme le rôle et la biologie des parasites latents, ou la génétique de quelques groupes fongiques.Sur un plan pratique, la nécessité de limiter la dissémination des parasites, particulièrement cruciale dans le cas des parasites latents, est soulignée.sécheresse / stress hydrique / champignons pathogènes / prédisposition / arbres forestiers
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Tilman, D., Reich, P. B., Knops, J., Wedin, D., Mielke, T., & Lehman, C. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1060391 · Cited by 2,373
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Metadata
- Authors
- Desprez-Loustau, M.-L., Marçais, B., Nageleisen, L.-M., Piou, D., & Vannini, A.
- Venue
- Annals of Forest Science
- Publisher
- EDP Sciences
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 597-612
- ISSN
- 1286-4560 (ISSN-L)
- 1297-966X
- OpenAlex
- W2120482541
- Cited by
- 663
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 5.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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