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Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought: a review of ecophysiological responses, adaptation processes and long-term consequences
Open accessAbstract
The extreme drought event that occurred in Western Europe during 2003 highlighted the need to understand the key processes that may allow trees and stands to overcome such severe water shortages.We therefore reviewed the current knowledge available about such processes.First, impact of drought on exchanges at soil-root and canopy-atmosphere interfaces are presented and illustrated with examples from water and CO 2 flux measurements.The decline in transpiration and water uptake and in net carbon assimilation due to stomatal closure has been quantified and modelled.The resulting models were used to compute water balance at stand level basing on the 2003 climate in nine European forest sites from the CARBOEUROPE network.Estimates of soil water deficit were produced and provided a quantitative index of soil water shortage and therefore of the intensity of drought stress experienced by trees during summer 2003.In a second section, we review the irreversible damage that could be imposed on water transfer within trees and particularly within xylem.A special attention was paid to the inter-specific variability of these properties among a wide range of tree species.The inter-specific diversity of hydraulic and stomatal responses to soil water deficit is also discussed as it might reflect a large diversity in traits potentially related to drought tolerance.Finally, tree decline and mortality due to recurrent or extreme drought events are discussed on the basis of a literature review and recent decline studies.The potential involvement of hydraulic dysfunctions or of deficits in carbon storage as causes for the observed long term (several years) decline of tree growth and development and for the onset of tree dieback is discussed.As an example, the starch content in stem tissues recorded at the end of the 2003's summer was used to predict crown conditions of oak trees during the following spring: low starch contents were correlated with large twig and branch decline in the crown of trees.drought / water balance / time lag effect / hydraulic properties / dieback Résumé -Arbres et peuplements forestiers tempérés soumis à sécheresse : une revue des réponses écophysiologiques, des processus d'adaptation et des conséquences à long terme.La sécheresse exceptionnelle de 2003 a été l'occasion de faire le point de nos connaissances sur les mécanismes écophysiologiques permettant aux arbres de traverser un tel évènement climatique extrême.L'analyse a été conduite à l'échelle de l'arbre et du peuplement, tandis que l'intensité de la sécheresse a été quantifiée à l'aide d'un calcul de bilan hydrique sur neuf sites forestiers européens contrastés du réseau CARBOEUROPE.Le rôle du couvert dans les échanges avec l'atmosphère est rappelé puis intégré dans l'analyse des réductions de bilan d'eau et de carbone en 2003 dus à la régulation stomatique.Les caractéristiques du complexe sol-racine, important à la fois pour l'accès à la ressource et à l'efficience de son absorption, constituent un des premiers traits d'adaptation à la sécheresse.La réponse et les adaptations des espèces ont surtout été analysées en termes de diversité inter-spécifique de fonctionnement hydraulique et du couplage entre propriétés hydrauliques et régulation stomatique.Enfin, nous discutons l'hypothèse selon la quelle les dysfonctionnements hydrauliques ou les déficits de mise en réserve sont impliqués dans les réactions différées de croissance, de développement, d'induction de dépérissement.Par exemple, des mesures de réserves glucidiques dans les troncs de chênes menées en fin d'été 2003 ont permis de prédire l'état des couronnes des arbres au printemps 2004.Les faibles taux d'amidon étaient associés à une forte mortalité de branches et de jeunes pousses.sécheresse / bilan hydrique / effet différé / propriétés hydrauliques / dépérissement
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Cited by
Allen, C. D., Macalady, A. K., Chenchouni, H., Bachelet, D., McDowell, N., Vennetier, M., Kitzberger, T., Rigling, A., Breshears, D. D., Hogg, E. H. (., et al. (2010) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.001 · Cited by 7,763
Mechanisms Linking Drought, Hydraulics, Carbon Metabolism, and Vegetation Mortality
McDowell, N. G. (2011) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.110.170704 · Cited by 1,257
Miralles, D. G., Gentine, P., Seneviratne, S. I., & Teuling, A. J. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13912 · Cited by 1,080
Lloret, F., Keeling, E. G., & Sala, A. (2011) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19372.x · Cited by 1,049
Frank, D., Reichstein, M., Bahn, M., Thonicke, K., Frank, D., Mahecha, M. D., Smith, P., van der Velde, M., Vicca, S., Babst, F., et al. (2015) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12916 · Cited by 1,037
Metadata
- Authors
- Bréda, N., Huc, R., Granier, A., & Dreyer, E.
- Venue
- Annals of Forest Science
- Publisher
- EDP Sciences
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 625-644
- ISSN
- 1286-4560 (ISSN-L)
- 1297-966X
- OpenAlex
- W1967839820
- Cited by
- 1,843
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 31.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Bréda, N., Huc, R., Granier, A., & Dreyer, E. (2006). Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought: a review of ecophysiological responses, adaptation processes and long-term consequences. Annals of Forest Science. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest%3A2006042
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