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Production of exopolysaccharides by lactic acid bacteria and dairy propionibacteria
Open accessAbstract
The exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing gram-positive bacteria which have been studied extensively in the last 10 years are the dairy lactic acid bacteria used in the manufacture of fermented milks such as Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus and Lactococcus lactis subsp cremoris.The role of exopolysaccharides in the manufacture of fermented milks and in particular yoghurt is weil established; that is, they are essential for proper consistency and texture.A number of strains of these bacteria are capable of producing heteropolysaccharides composed of Iinear or branched repeating units varying in size from disaccharides to heptasaccharides.The final exopolysaccharide of high molecular weight (1 to 2 x 106) is formed by polymerisation of some hundreds to several thousands of these repeating units.Dairy propionibacteria are also capable of producing exopolysaccharides, but this area of research has received comparatively Iittle attention.Nevertheless, similarities appear when the few results obtained with propionibacteria are compared with those concerning dairy lactic acid bacteria.Fermentation conditions (temperature and incubation time) and medium composition (carbon and nitrogen sources) affect the polymer yield and the sugar composition of the polymer.The most frequent identified monosaccharides in polysaccharides formed by propionibacteria are glucose, galactose and mannose.Small amounts of fucose and rhamnose have also been found.A striking difference exists in the molecular weight of polysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria and propionibacteria (le, values for exopolysaccharides from the latter are in the range of 200 to 5 000).The polymer-producing ability is an extremely unstable property; it seems to be linked to the presence of plasmids of varying size in mesophilic lactic acid bacteria, whereas most of the exopolysaccharide-producing strains of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria do not harbour plasmids.Propionibacteria harbour plasmids, but their functions are not clearly established; therefore, the question of whether the EPS-producing trait of propionibacteria is plasmid encoded cannot be answered yet.lactic acid bacteria 1 propionibacteria 1 exopolysaccharide Résumé -Production de polysaccharides exocellulaires par des bactéries lactiques et les bactéries propioniques.Les bactéries Grem" productrices d'exopolysaccharides les plus étudiées sont les bactéries lactiques utilisées dans la fabrication de divers laits fermentés, telles que Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp bulgaricus et Lactococcus Jactis ssp cremoris.Le rôle des polysaccharides exocellulaires dans la fabrication des laits fermentés, et en particulier du J Cerning yaourt, n'est plus à démontrer.1/ est en effet reconnu que leur présence est indispensable pour obtenir une texture convenable du produit.Un certain nombre de souches de ces bactéries produisent des hétéropolysaccharides constitués d'un encnsînement linéaire ou ramifié d'un petit nombre de sucres (1 à 7) appelé unité répétitive.Ces unités, par encneînemem linéaire ou ramifié d'une centaine à plusieurs milliers, forment le polysaccharide de poids moléculaire souvent très élevé (1 à 2 x 106).Les bactéries propioniques sont également capables de produire des EPS, mais les recherches dans ce domaine sont moins avancées.Toutefois, la comparaison des connaissances sur les bactéries lactiques d'intérêt laitier et les bactéries propioniques permet de dégager un certain nombre de similitudes.En effet, les conditions de culture (température, durée d'incubation) et la composition du milieu (source d'azote et de carbone) ont une influence considérable sur la production des EPS et leur composition en monosaccharides.Les monosaccharides les plus fréquemment identifiés dans les polysaccharides exocel/ulaires produits par les bactéries propioniques sont le glucose, le galactose, le mannose et parfois le rhamnose ou le fucose.En revanche, les poids moléculaires de l'ordre de 200 à 5 000 sont nettement inférieurs à ceux des exopolysaccharides produits par les bactéries lactiques.La capacité des bactéries lactiques de produire des polymères est une propriété extrêmement instable.Elle est portée par des plasmides de taille variable dans le cas des bactéries lactiques mésophiles, alors que celle des bactéries lactiques thermophiles semble sous contrôle chromosomique.1/ est connu que les bactéries propioniques contiennent des plasmides (Rehberger et Glatz, 1990), mais en absence de travaux dans ce domaine, il n'est pas possible pour l'instant de lier la capacité de produire des EPS de ces bactéries à la présence d'un ou plusieurs plasmides.bactérie lactique / bactérie propionique / exopolysaccharide
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Cited by
γ-Aminobutyric acid production by culturable bacteria from the human intestine
Barrett, E., Ross, R. P., O'Toole, P. W., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Stanton, C. (2012) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05344.x · Cited by 1,156
Ruas-Madiedo, P., & de los Reyes-Gavilán, C. G. (2005) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72750-8 · Cited by 456
Applications of exopolysaccharides in the dairy industry
Duboc, P., & Mollet, B. (2001) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/s0958-6946(01)00119-4 · Cited by 426
Caggianiello, G., Kleerebezem, M., & Spano, G. (2016) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-016-7471-2 · Cited by 396
De Vuyst, L., De Vin, F., Vaningelgem, F., & Degeest, B. (2001) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/s0958-6946(01)00114-5 · Cited by 391
Metadata
- Authors
- Cerning, J.
- Venue
- Le Lait
- Publisher
- EDP Sciences
- Published
- 1995
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 4-5
- Pages
- 463-472
- ISSN
- 0023-7302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2125440600
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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