C/EBPα Is Up-regulated in a Subset of Hepatocellular Carcinomas and Plays a Role in Cell Growth and Proliferation
Open accessAbstract
Background & aims C/EBPalpha (cebpa) is a putative tumor suppressor. However, initial results indicated that cebpa was up-regulated in a subset of human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). The regulation and function of C/EBPalpha was investigated in HCC cell lines to clarify its role in liver carcinogenesis. Methods The regulation of C/EBPalpha expression was studied by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, methylation-specific PCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. C/EBPalpha expression was knocked-down by small interfering RNA or short hairpin RNA. Functional assays included colony formation, methylthiotetrazole, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and luciferase-reporter assays. Results Cebpa was up-regulated at least 2-fold in a subset (approximately 55%) of human HCCs compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. None of the up-regulated samples were positive for hepatitis C infection. The HCC cell lines Hep3B and Huh7 expressed high, PLC/PRF/5 intermediate, HepG2 and HCC-M low levels of C/EBPalpha, recapitulating the pattern of expression observed in HCCs. No mutations were detected in the CEBPA gene in HCCs and cell lines. C/EBPalpha was localized to the nucleus and functional in Hep3B and Huh7 cells; knocking-down its expression reduced target-gene expression, colony formation, and cell growth, associated with a decrease in cyclin A and CDK4 concentrations and E2F transcriptional activity. Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, and the binding of acetylated histone H3 to the CEBPA promoter-regulated cebpa expression in the HCC cells. Conclusions C/EBPalpha is up-regulated in a subset of HCCs and has growth-promoting activities in HCC cells. Novel oncogenic mechanisms involving C/EBPalpha may be amenable to epigenetic regulation to improve treatment outcomes.
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Five candidate TFs (ARID3A, C/EBPα, FOXA3, MYBL2, SOX13) are identified by overlapping TF enrichment and co-expression with GPC3.
“By overlapping these lists, we identified five candidate TFs: ARID3A, C/EBPα, FOXA3, MYBL2, and SOX13, most of which are overexpressed in HCC and are implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis (Supplementary Fig. 6b, c)69–73.”
From Multi-omic analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma reveals aberrant cis-regulatory changes and dysregulated retrotransposons with prognostic potential (2025) · cites this paper as [73]
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- Authors
- Lu, G., Leung, C. H., Yan, B., Tan, C. M., Low, S. Y., Aung, M. O., Salto–Tellez, M., Lim, S. G., & Hooi, S. C.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- National University Hospital (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Hooi, Shing Chuan
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 139
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 632-643.e4
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088354340
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National University of Singapore
- Medical Research Council
- National Medical Research Council (NMRC/1211/2009)
- National Cancer Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Keywords
- C/EBPα, hepatocellular carcinoma, oncogenes, tumor suppressor, cell proliferation, cell growth, epigenetic regulation, DNA methylation, histone H3 acetylation, cyclin A, CDK4, E2F transcription, hepatocarcinogenesis, gene expression regulation
- MeSH terms
- Cell Nucleus, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Histones, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Liver Neoplasms, Blotting, Western, Up-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, DNA Methylation, Cyclin A, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins, RNA Interference, Epigenesis, Genetic, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Cell Proliferation, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4, Hep G2 Cells
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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