Population-based case-control study of soyfood intake and breast cancer risk in Shanghai
Open accessAbstract
We evaluated the association of soyfood intake and breast cancer risk in a population-based case-control study among Chinese women in Shanghai. Included in the study were 1459 cases and 1556 age-matched controls, with respective response rates of 91.1% and 90.3%. Usual soyfood intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Separate analyses were performed for all subjects and for the subset who reported no recent change in soyfood intake. The intake levels of soyfoods among women in Shanghai are high, with 96.6% women reporting soyfood consumption at least once a week. A statistically non-significant reduced risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.78 95% CI = 0.52-1.16) of breast cancer was observed among those who reported eating soyfood at least once a week. Compared to those in the lowest decile intake group, women in the highest decile intake group had a 30% reduced risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.46-0.95), but no monotonic dose-response relation was observed (P for trend, 0.28). Stratified analyses showed that the inverse association was restricted primarily among women who had a high body mass index (BMI), with an adjusted OR of 0.30 (95% CI = 0.10-0.94) observed for the highest intake group. The reduction in risk was stronger for breast cancer positive for both oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.25-0.78) than those with other ER/PR status. More pronounced inverse associations were observed in analyses among those who reported no recent change in soyfood intake than those conducted in all subjects. A dose-response relation between soyfood intake and breast cancer risk was observed in this subset of women (P for trend, 0.02), with an OR of 0.46 (95%CI = 0.28-0.75) for those in the highest decile intake group. No clear monotonic dose-response relation was found between soyfood intake and breast cancer risk among regular soy eaters, but nevertheless the results suggest that regular soyfood consumption may reduce the risk of breast cancer, particularly for those positive for ER and PR; the effect may be modified by body mass index.
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Of 44 case-control studies, 32 showed higher consumption of soy foods and/or soy isoflavones was associated with lower risk for primary breast cancer, breast cancer mortality, or improved markers of prognosis among the overall study population.
“Overall, of the 44 case control studies, 32 showed that higher consumption of soy foods and/ or soy isoflavones was associated with lower risk for primary breast cancer [42-46,49-51,53,54,56-58,61-64,66,71-73,75,77-79,81,83], breast cancer mortality [55], or improved markers of prognosis (ER+ status vs receptor negative status) [74,82] among the overall study population.”
From Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [50]
The Results (p. 374) report a lower breast-cancer risk estimate among regular soyfood consumers in the overall Shanghai study population, but its confidence interval includes no reduction; the trend among regular consumers was also not significant. The Discussion (p. 375) says soyfood intake may be associated with reduced risk. Thus this paper supports the direction of the claimed association, but not an unqualified finding of lower risk in the overall population; the 32-of-44 count is not a finding attributed to this individual study. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Cancer Incidence in Five Continents
(1966) · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-85849-9 · Cited by 5,936 · see citing works
Soya foods and breast cancer risk: A prospective study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan
Key, T. J., Sharp, G. B., Appleby, P. N., Beral, V, Goodman, M. T., Soda, M., & Mabuchi, K. (1999) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6690837 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
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Epidemiology of soy exposures and breast cancer risk
Wu, A. H., Yu, M. C., Tseng, C.-C., & Pike, M. C. (2008) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604145 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Fritz, H., Seely, D., Flower, G., Skidmore, B., Fernandes, R., Vadeboncoeur, S., Kennedy, D., Cooley, K., Wong, R., Sagar, S., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081968 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dai, Q., Shu, X.-O., Jin, F., Potter, J. D., Kushi, L. H., Teas, J., Gao, Y.-T., & Zheng, W.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Shanghai Cancer Institute (CN)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Venue
- British Journal of Cancer
- Published
- 2001-07-31
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 372-378
- ISSN
- 0007-0920 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-1827
- PMC
- PMC2364075
- OpenAlex
- W79700415
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 12.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- British Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA064277)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- breast cancer risk, Chinese women, body mass index, oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, dose-response relationship, dietary factors, Shanghai
- MeSH terms
- Body Constitution, Breast Neoplasms, China, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Receptors, Estrogen, Receptors, Progesterone, Risk Factors, Glycine max, Body Mass Index, Incidence, Case-Control Studies
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