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Cited by 50Facial Rejuvenation and Surgery TechniquesDermatologic Treatments and ResearchSkin Protection and Aging

Injectable “Skin Boosters” in Aging Skin Rejuvenation: A Current Overview

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Rho, Nark-Kyoung, Kim, Hyun-Seok, Kim, Soo-Young, Lee, Won·2024·Archives of Plastic Surgery
DOI 10.1055/a-2366-3436PMC PMC11560330
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Abstract

Aging-related changes in the skin, such as dullness, dehydration, and loss of elasticity, significantly affect its appearance and integrity. Injectable “skin boosters,” comprising various biological materials, have become increasingly prominent in addressing these issues, offering rejuvenation and revitalization. This review offers a comprehensive examination of these injectables, detailing their types, mechanisms of action, and clinical uses. It also evaluates the evidence for their effectiveness and safety in treating age-related skin alterations and other conditions. The goal is to provide an insightful understanding of injectable skin boosters in contemporary dermatological practice, summarizing the current state of knowledge.

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Crossref · 10.1055/a-2366-3436

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  • Two primary extraction methods, chemical and non-organic, are used for isolating PDRN from salmon sources.

    “Two primary extraction methods, namely chemical and non-organic approaches, are used for isolating PDRN from salmon sources.”

    From Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [161]

    The Natural Biopolymers > Polynucleotide section (page unavailable) says PDRN is primarily derived from salmon trout or chum salmon sperm DNA. It does not describe two extraction methods or identify chemical and non-organic approaches; searches for those terms and for PDRN isolation found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The chemical method for isolating PDRN often yields a broad molecular weight distribution.

    “often yields a broad molecular weight distribution [159,160,161]”

    From Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [161]

    The Polynucleotide section reports that PDRN contains polymer chains ranging from 50 to 2,000 base pairs, supporting a broad size distribution. It does not describe a chemical isolation method or say that such a method often produces that distribution. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • PNs have high biocompatibility and biodegradability, favorable safety profiles, and low immunogenicity, making them suitable as facial fillers.

    “Their high biocompatibility and biodegradability, accompanied by favorable safety profiles and low immunogenicity, also make them suitable as facial fillers [22,24,31,152,161,167].”

    From Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [161]

    The Polynucleotide section (page unavailable) describes PN as a safe intradermal option for facial skin rejuvenation with a high immunological safety profile. It discusses PN filler studies, but does not state that PN has high biocompatibility or biodegradability; those properties are discussed elsewhere for other polymers. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The chemical method for isolating PDRN involves multiple steps including thawing, cell lysis, sterilization, molecular weight reduction, precipitation, and granulation.

    “it involves multiple steps including thawing, cell lysis, sterilization, molecular weight reduction, precipitation, and granulation”

    From Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [161]

    The Polynucleotide section describes PDRN’s source, purity, properties, and uses, but not a chemical isolation procedure. Searches for the listed steps and for PDRN extraction or purification found no passage addressing those steps. (LLM, conf=0.74)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The chemical method for isolating PDRN from salmon is cost-effective and technically accessible.

    “While the chemical method is cost-effective and technically accessible”

    From Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [161]

    The Polynucleotide section says PDRN is derived from salmon sperm DNA but does not describe a chemical isolation method or assess its cost or technical accessibility. The Delivery Methods section calls conventional intradermal injections cost-effective; that is a different procedure. Searches for chemical isolation, extraction, and production did not find support for the attributed claim. (LLM, conf=0.74)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cites

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Rho, N.-K., Kim, H.-S., Kim, S.-Y., & Lee, W.
Affiliations
  • Department of Dermatology Center, Leaders Aesthetic Laser and Cosmetic Surgery Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  • Department of Plastic Surgery, Kim Hyun Seok Plastic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  • Department of Plastic Surgery, Ichon Plastic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  • Yonsei University (KR)
ORCID
Venue
Archives of Plastic Surgery
Publisher
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Published
2024-07-16
Volume
51
Issue
06
Pages
528-541
ISSN
  • 2234-6163 (ISSN-L)
  • 2234-6171
DOI
10.1055/a-2366-3436
PMC
PMC11560330
OpenAlex
W4400672314
Cited by
50
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 39 · 2025: 11
FWCI
20.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Archives of Plastic Surgery (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Facial Rejuvenation and Surgery Techniques
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatologic Treatments and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
Keywords
dermal fillers, skin aging, skin rejuvenation, skin dehydration, skin elasticity, hyaluronic acid, mechanism of action, treatment efficacy and safety, cosmetic dermatology

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

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