Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 434

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

The Development of the Electroencephalogram in Normal Children from the Age of 1 Through 15 Years – Paroxysmal activity

Eeg-Olofsson, Orvar, Petersén, Ingemar, Selldén, Ulla·1971·Neuropediatrics

Abstract

In cases of 1 through 15 year-old normal children the occurrence of paroxysmal activity with the exception of the 14 and 6 Hz positive spike phenomenon was studied. The children were considered normal as a result of 1 : strict selection after thorough penetration of obstetric history, mental and physical development, diseases and injuries involving the CNS, and past and present behavior so as to exclude neurological and physical disorders; 2 : physical examination to exclude actual somatic and neurological aberrations, and at the same time 3 : routine observation to reveal overt psycho-pathology. The material comprised 743 children with successful records at rest. Hyperventilation was performed with 82.6 per cent; intermittent photic stimulation with 81.4 per cent; and sleep, either spontaneous or barbiturate-induced, with 80.5 per cent of the children. Paroxysmal activity at rest was found in 2.7 per cent (focal spikes or sharp waves: 1.9 per cent; focal spikelike activity: 0.5 per cent; paroxysmal slow activity: 0.3 per cent). During hyperventilation paroxysmal activity was noticed in 0.3 per cent, during intermittent photic stimulation in 9.1 per cent (8.3% if equivocal responses are excluded), and during drowsiness and sleep in 8.7 per cent (8.1% if equivocal activity is excluded). Under 10 years of age there was a prevalence for paroxysmal activities appearing during drowsiness and sleep, while from 10 years onwards, the prevalence was for paroxysmal responses to intermittent photic stimulation. A statistically significant positive correlation between age and paroxysmal responses to intermittent photic stimulation for girls was found. As regards bilateral synchronous paroxysmal activity during drowsiness and sleep, there was a statistically significant curvilinear correlation to age with preponderance for lower ages. In girls the incidence of paroxysmal responses to intermittent photic stimulation was significantly higher than in boys. The total amount of paroxysmal effects were 130 distributed amongst 109 children or 14.7 per cent of the material. There was no significant age or sex differences. A psychomotor variant pattern was found in 6 children (0.8 per cent) and 6 Hz spike-and-wave discharge in 1 child (0.1 per cent). The pathophysiology of the paroxysmal phenomena is discussed. The results of this investigation suggest that maturational factors are responsible for the occurrence of paroxysmal effects, which possibly have a subcortical origin. A longitudinal study, however, would be necessary to either confirm this hypothesis or to show other root causes. Zusammenfassung Bei normalen Kindern von 1 bis 15 Jahren wurde das Auftreten paroxysmaler EEG-Aktivität unter Ausschluß der 14 und 6/sec positiven spikes untersucht. Für die Auswahl normaler Kinder wurden folgende Kriterien herangezogen: 1. Einwandfreie Anamnese im Hinblick auf perinatale Gegebenheiten, geistige und körperliche Entwicklung, Erkrankungen und Verletzungen des Zentralnervensystems und Verhalten vor und während der Untersuchung; 2. normales Ergebnis der internen und neurologischen klinischen Untersuchung; 3. normale psychologische Befunde bei der routinemäßigen Beobachtung. Für die Untersuchung wurden die Ergebnisse von 743 Kindern verwendet, bei denen einwandfreie Ruheableitungen erzielt werden konnten. Bei 82,6% dieser Kinder wurde zusätzlich Hyperventilation, bei 81,4 % Photostimulation durchgeführt. 80,5% der Kinder konnten im spontanen oder durch Barbiturate induzierten Schlaf untersucht werden. Paroxysmale Aktivität im Ruhe-EEG fand sich bei 2,7% (fokale spikes oder sharp waves: 1,9%; fokale spike-artige Aktivität: 0,5%; paroxysmale langsame Wellen: 0.3%). Paroxysmale Aktivität während Hyperventilation wurde bei 0,3% beobachtet, bei 9,1% wurde eine solche Aktivität durch Photostimulation ausgelöst (wenn fragliche Reaktionen nicht in Betracht gezogen werden, beträgt die Zahl 8,3%). 8,7% (bei Ausschluß fraglicher Aktivität 8,1%) zeigten paroxysmale Aktivität während Müdigkeit und Schlaf. In der Altersgruppe unter 10 Jahren war die durch Müdigkeit und Schlaf ausgelöste paroxysmale Aktivität am häufigsten, während jenseits des 10. Lebensjahres häufiger die Photostimulation solche Reaktionen auslöste. Eine statistisch signifikante positive Korrelation zwischen dem Alter und dem Auftreten paroxysmaler Reaktionen bei intermittierender Photostimulation fand sich bei Mädchen. Im Hinblick auf bilateral synchrone paroxysmale Aktivität während Müdigkeit und Schlaf bestand eine statistisch signifikante curvilineare Korrelation mit dem Lebensalter, vor allem für die jüngeren Altersstufen. Insgesamt wurden 130 paroxysmale Effekte bei 109 (= 14,7%) der untersuchten Kinder gefunden. Eine signifikante Geschlechtsspezifität bestand nicht. Ein psychomotor - variant - Muster fand sich bei 6 Kindern (0,8%), 6/sec spike-wave-Entladungen bei einem Kind (0,1%). Die Pathophysiologie der paroxysmalen Phänomene wird besprochen. Aufgrund unserer Untersuch

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1055/s-0028-1091791

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cited by

See all 434

Metadata

Authors
Eeg-Olofsson, O., Petersén, I., & Selldén, U.
Venue
Neuropediatrics
Published
1971-04
Volume
2
Issue
04
Pages
375-404
ISSN
  • 0174-304X (ISSN-L)
  • 1439-1899
OpenAlex
W1985885181
Cited by
434
References
0
FWCI
5.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Development of the Electroencephalogram in Normal Children from the Age of 1 Through 15 Years – Paroxysmal activity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1055/s-0028-1091791
The paper
Eeg-Olofsson, O., Petersén, I., & Selldén, U. (1971). The Development of the Electroencephalogram in Normal Children from the Age of 1 Through 15 Years – Paroxysmal activity. Neuropediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1091791

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.