Cited by 336Statistical Methods in Clinical TrialsStatistical Methods in EpidemiologyMeta-analysis and systematic reviews

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Loss to follow-up

Open access

Dettori, Joseph·2011·Evidence-Based Spine-Care Journal

DOI 10.1055/s-0030-1267080PMC PMC3427970

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

In this issue, we answer three questions with respect to loss to follow-up in a clinical trial: How important is loss to follow-up? How is loss to follow-up calculated? How many patients can be lost to follow-up without mistrusting the results? 1. How important is loss to follow-up? The simple answer to this question is „very important” because loss to follow-up can severely compromise a study’s validity. Incomplete follow-up biases the results when either: The dropout rates are different between study groups; or The patients who drop out are different from those who do not drop out. Why do these situations make a difference? Because in each situation, those lost to follow-up often have a different prognosis than those who complete the study. For example, patients who receive treatment for cervical myelopathy may not return for follow-up because they became asymptomatic and felt no need to return to see the surgeon. Conversely, some patients may not return because they had a particularly bad outcome (worse pain or function) or complication, or because they died. In either case, bias can affect the validity of the inferences drawn from the study. 2. How is loss to follow-up calculated? There is much confusion about how to determine the proportion of patients lost to follow-up. In order to correctly calculate the follow-up rate, one needs to know the denominator. In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), the denominator for each group is the number of patients who were randomized, not the number who received the treatment. For example, suppose we have an RCT comparing two treatment groups, Group A and Group B. The investigators evaluate 178 patients and randomize 120; 61 to Group A and 59 to Group B (Fig 1). Following the figure, we note that 49 patients received treatment A and 52 received treatment B. At the final follow-up 40 were analyzed in Group A and 41 in Group B. How many were considered lost to follow-up? Many would consider the loss to follow-up rate to be 9 (18 %) of 49 in treatment A and 11 (21 %) of 52 in treatment B using as the denominator only those that were treated. However, the real proportion lost to follow-up must consider those who were randomly assigned, even if they did not receive treatment. In the present example, this is calculated as 21 (34 %) of 61 for treatment A and 18 (31 %) of 59 for treatment B.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1055/s-0030-1267080

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

User’s Guide to the Orthopaedic Literature: How to Use an Article About a Surgical Therapy
Bhandari, M., Guyatt, G., & Swiontkowski, M. (2001) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume · doi:10.2106/00004623-200106000-00015 · Cited by 96

Show all 1 references

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 336

Profile of Patients with Gallstone Disease in a Sub-Saharan African General Surgery Department: A Retrospective Cohort Study Protocol
Ndong, A., GAYE, N. F., Tendeng, J. N., Diao, M. L., DIALLO, A. C., Niang, F. G., Diop, S., Dia, D., Diédhiou, M., Dieng, M. T., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Surgery Protocols · doi:10.29337/ijsp.143 · Cited by 5
Management of children with functional constipation referred to tertiary care
de Campos, G. R. C., Sandy, N. S., Lomazi, E. A., & Bellomo‐Brandão, M. A. (2021) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2021.06.006 · Cited by 5
Validation of the Dutch version of the Hip Outcome Score; validity, reliability, and responsiveness in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Röling, M. A., Hesseling, B., Jansen, S. P. L., Bloem, R. M., & Mathijssen, N. M. C. (2021) · Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery · doi:10.1093/jhps/hnab073 · Cited by 5
A clinical guideline-based management of type 2 diabetes by ayurvedic practitioners in Nepal: A feasibility cluster randomized controlled trial protocol
Chattopadhyay, K., Dhimal, M., Karki, S., Regmi, P., Bista, B., Biswas, T. K., Heinrich, M., Jeemon, P., Tandon, N., Leonardi‐Bee, J., et al. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031452 · Cited by 5
Digitally supported physical activity counselling for people with chronic back pain: a randomised controlled parallel feasibility study
Lindner, N., Kornder, N., Heisig, J., Becker, A., van der Wardt, V., & Viniol, A. (2025) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-025-02742-z · Cited by 4
“Yet, the validity of a bigger RCT could be affected in particular when the dropout-rates differ between the groups [28].”
Associations Between Ostomy Creation and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Longitudinal Observational Study
Lau, J., Ng, A., Koh, W., Peh, C. H., Luo, N., & Tan, K. (2025) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.71388 · Cited by 4
Scientific Productivity and Cancer-Related Mortality: A Case Study of a Positive Association in Colombia
Bravo-Linares, D., Acevedo-Melo, A. M., Ruíz-Patiño, A., Ricaurte, L., Lucio‐Arias, D., & Cardona, A. F. (2019) · Journal of Global Oncology · doi:10.1200/jgo.19.00164 · Cited by 4
The Reproducibility of Cerebrovascular Randomized Controlled Trials
Adeeb, N., Terrell, D. L., Whipple, S. G., Thakur, J. D., Griessenauer, C. J., Adeeb, A., Aslan, A., Mamilly, A., Mortazavi, M. M., Dossani, R. H., et al. (2020) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.106 · Cited by 4
From cohort to community: The emotional work of birthday cards in the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, 1946–2018
Elizabeth, H. J., & Payling, D. (2021) · History of the Human Sciences · doi:10.1177/0952695121999283 · Cited by 4
The Effects of a Community-Based, Multicomponent, Depression Prevention Intervention in Mothers At-Risk
Atkins, R., Kelly, T.-A., Linz, S. J., Jackson, K. J., Pontes, M., Wunnenberg, M., Williams, K., Stellmacher, T., Lewis, H., Halty, N.-D., et al. (2021) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/01939459211037042 · Cited by 5
Patient perspectives on, and effects of, medication management in geriatric fallers (the EMMA study): protocol for a mixed-methods pre-post study
Buchegger, S., Iglseder, B., Alzner, R., Kogler, M., Rose, O., Kutschar, P., Krutter, S., Dückelmann, C., Flamm, M., & Pachmayr, J. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066666 · Cited by 5
Added value of ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle tenotomy over hydrodissection and physiotherapy in chronic lateral elbow tendinopathy: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Koonen, L., van Amerongen, M., Smulders, K., Mangesius, S., Cerna, G., Klauser, A. S., Mur, E., & Obradov, M. (2023) · Journal of Ultrasonography · doi:10.15557/jou.2023.0040 · Cited by 4
Are retention strategies used in National Institute for Health and Care Research, Health Technology Assessment trials supported by evidence for their effectiveness? A systematic mapping review
Way, R., Parker, A., & Torgerson, D. J. (2024) · Research Methods in Medicine & Health Sciences · doi:10.1177/26320843241235580 · Cited by 6
Diagnosing and Discussing Sexual Abuse: A Scoping Review on Training Methods for Health Care Professionals
van Zyl-Bonk, F., Lange, S., Lagro‐Janssen, A. L. M., & Teunissen, D. A. M. (2024) · Advances in Medical Education and Practice · doi:10.2147/amep.s444718 · Cited by 4
Psychometric and biomedical outcomes of glycated haemoglobin target-setting in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: Protocol for a mixed-methods parallel-group randomised feasibility study
Westall, S., Watmough, S., Narayanan, R. P., Irving, G. J., & Hardy, K. J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275980 · Cited by 4
Proportion and predictors of loss to follow-up in a longitudinal cohort study of female entertainment and sex workers in Cambodia
Chhim, S., Chhea, C., Sopheab, H., Mathers, B. M., Kaldor, J. M., Evans, J. L., Stein, E. S., Carrico, A. W., Sokunny, M., Song, N., et al. (2018) · International Journal of STD & AIDS · doi:10.1177/0956462418779471 · Cited by 4
Recruitment and Retention in mhealth Interventions for Addiction and Problematic Substance Use: A Systematic ReviewPreprint
Kidd, B., McCormack, J. C., Newcombe, D. A. L., Garner, K., O’Shea, A., & Humphrey, G. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.09.09.23295094 · Cited by 5
Effectiveness of a projection-based augmented reality exposure system in treating cockroach phobia: Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Grimaldos, J., Bretón-López, J., Palau-Batet, M., Díaz-Sanahuja, L., & Quero, S. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069025 · Cited by 3
Machine‐learning prediction of postoperative complications after high tibial osteotomy for canine cranial cruciate ligament disease
Low, D., Treharne, R., & Rutherford, S. (2025) · Veterinary Surgery · doi:10.1111/vsu.70007 · Cited by 3
Critical Appraisal of Randomized Controlled Trials: An Overview
Maheshwarappa, H. M., & Majumder, S. (2023) · Indian Journal of Respiratory Care · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-11010-1040 · Cited by 3
“27,28 Higher attrition rates lead to a smaller sample size at the time of final analysis, which affects the statistical power of the study.”
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage – patients retrospectively consent to fibrinolytic surgery despite poor neurological outcome and reduced health-related quality of life
Schwiddessen, R., Malinova, V., von Steinbüchel, N., Mielke, D., Rohde, V., & von der Brelie, C. (2024) · Neurosurgical Review · doi:10.1007/s10143-024-02479-w · Cited by 3
“Thus, a valid representation of all potential participants cannot be assumed [39].”
Distinct Clinical Implications of Patient‐ Versus Clinician‐Rated Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
Kikuya, A., Tsukita, K., Sawamura, M., Yoshimura, K., & Takahashi, R. (2024) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.29962 · Cited by 3
“20 In addition, we investigated the interaction effect between baseline patient-rated motor symptom severity and the progression of various clinical parameters, adjusting for the baseline severity of clinician-rated motor symptoms and a comprehensive set of clinical parameters linked to disease…”
Missing data at follow-up: The case of the interRAI home care assessment instrument in Belgium
Vanneste, D., Mello, J. D. A., Macq, J., Audenhove, C. V., & Declercq, A. (2016) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2016.03.004 · Cited by 3
Comparing the effectiveness of simulation as adjuncts to standardized lectures, on the identification and reporting of intimidation during surgical clerkship: A mixed method randomized controlled trial
Thivierge-Southidara, M., Rodriguez-Qizilbash, S., Vincelette, C., Dubrowski, A., Boulva, K., Wassef, R., Godbout, V., & Patocskai, E. J. (2020) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.01.025 · Cited by 3
Pre-treatment of Single and Double Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant With Intravenous Thrombolysis for Older Adults With Acute Ischemic Stroke: The TTT-AIS Experience
Lin, S., Hu, H., Ho, B., Chen, C., Chan, L., Lin, H., Sun, Y., Lin, Y., Chen, P., Lin, S., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.628077 · Cited by 3
“Theoretically, no differential incomplete follow-up (27) were found between groups with and without AP/AC pre-treatment, and the validity in our analysis was still assured.”
Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome Results in 2 Recovery Patterns Based on Preoperative Pain and on Arthritis: Improvers and Non‐improvers
Röling, M. A., Hesseling, B., Mathijssen, N. M. C., & Bloem, R. M. (2021) · Arthroscopy Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.asmr.2021.06.014 · Cited by 3
Loss to follow-up after direct-to-implant breast reconstruction
Kim, E. K., Woo, S. H., Kim, D. Y., Choi, E. J., Min, K., Lee, T. J., Eom, J. S., & Han, H. H. (2022) · Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery · doi:10.1080/2000656x.2021.1981350 · Cited by 3
The responsiveness and validity of the Rotator Cuff Quality of Life (RC-QOL) index in a 2-year follow-up study
Richards, C. D., Eubank, B., Lafave, M. R., Wiley, J. P., Bois, A. J., & Mohtadi, N. G. H. (2022) · JSES International · doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2022.04.012 · Cited by 3
Isolated open tibial shaft fracture: a seven-hospital, prospective observational study in two Latin America countries
Belangero, W. D., Fogagnolo, F., Kojima, K. E., de Miguel, G. C., Bidolegui, F., BERTUNE, A. D., LOMBARDO, E., DIAS, A. D. L., TORRES, J. B. M., Coutinho, B. P., et al. (2022) · Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões · doi:10.1590/0100-6991e-20223301-en · Cited by 3
“Belangero Isolated open tibial shaft fracture: a seven-hospital, prospective observational study in two Latin America countries bias, while >20% poses serious threats to validity in randomized controlled trials, however there is no clear recommendation in prospective, observational studies 36 .”
Non‐response for health‐related quality of life outcomes in ICU patients: A systematic review of the reporting in randomised trials
Kjær, M. N., Madsen, M. B., Meier, N. F., Granholm, A., Møller, M. H., Egerod, I., & Perner, A. (2023) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aas.14250 · Cited by 3
Prospective cohort study of unmet supportive care needs, post-traumatic growth, coping strategy and social supports among patients with breast cancer: The PenBCNeeds study
Azman, N., Abdullah, M. F. I. L. B., Musa, K. I., Hassan, N., & Shariff, N. M. (2024) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2024.2325498 · Cited by 3
“%) which leads to a small bias, 36–39 (Sacket et al., 1997; Dettori, 2011).”
Representation and Race in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Research: Disparities in Curve Magnitude and Follow-Up
Todderud, J. E., Jilakara, B., Kelly, M. P., Marks, M. C., Fletcher, N. D., Pahys, J. M., Brooks, J. T., Newton, P. O., Harms Study Group, & Larson, A. N. (2024) · Global Spine Journal · doi:10.1177/21925682241266787 · Cited by 3
Long-term follow-up of endoscopic totally extraperitoneal direct inguinal hernia repair using the Endoloop technique
Clout, E., Thayaparan, M., Douglas, C., & Berney, C. R. (2018) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-018-6602-5 · Cited by 4
The efficacy of the HEART score in prehospital settings
Jones, C., & Lightowler, B. (2022) · Journal of Paramedic Practice · doi:10.12968/jpar.2022.14.5.198 · Cited by 3
Conditional versus non-conditional incentives to maximise return of participant completed questionnaires in clinical trials: a cluster randomised study within a trial
Cook, J., Cook, J. A., Bongard, E., Heneghan, C., & Butler, C. C. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07604-6 · Cited by 3
“Higher levels of missing data increase the risk that the observed results are unrepresentative of the whole study group [2].”
WITHDRAWN: Remdesivir investigational trials in coronavirus disease 2019: a critical reappraisal
Brouqui, P., Giraud‐Gatineau, A., & Raoult, D. (2020) · New Microbes and New Infections · doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100707 · Cited by 3
Retracted
Effectiveness of an mHealth intervention in HIV/AIDS risk reduction among long-distance truckers in Kenya: A quasi-experimental study
Mutie, C., Gachohi, J. M., Kawira, R., & Mbuthia, G. W. (2025) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076251390322 · Cited by 2
“45,46 Therefore, it is believed that the loss to follow-up reported here didn ’ t adversely affect the study ’ s internal validity.”
Influential
Responsiveness of central sensitization-related measures in older people with chronic low back pain
Marques, L. B. F., Nogueira, L. A. C., Nascimento, R. R., Lemuchi, M. C. V., Esposito, E., Linke, J., Franco, M. R., Freire, A. P. C. F., & Pinto, R. Z. (2026) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2026.103519 · Cited by 2
Mitigating Biases in a Cohort Study: A Critical Examination of the Silicone Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis Study
Kim, Y. J., & Chung, K. C. (2020) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000006602 · Cited by 2
Evaluating Novel Methods of Outcome Assessment following Cardiac Arrest
Krampe, N., Case, N. P., Rittenberger, J., Condle, J. P., Doshi, A., Flickinger, K. L., Callaway, C., Wallace, D. J., & Elmer, J. (2022) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.11.011 · Cited by 1
Fraturas expostas isoladas da diáfise da tíbia: estudo prospectivo observacional em sete hospitais de dois países da América Latina
Belangero, W. D., Fogagnolo, F., Kojima, K. E., de Miguel, G. C., Bidolegui, F., BERTUNE, A. D., LOMBARDO, E., DIAS, A. D. L., TORRES, J. B. M., Coutinho, B. P., et al. (2022) · Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões · doi:10.1590/0100-6991e-20223301 · Cited by 2
Axes of social inequities in COVID-19 clinical trials: A systematic review
Ponjoan, A., Jacques‐Aviñó, C., Medina‐Perucha, L., Romero, V., Martí‐Lluch, R., Alves‐Cabratosa, L., Ramos, R., Berenguera, A., & García-Gil, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1069357 · Cited by 2
The Effect of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises on Bowel Evacuation and Quality of Life in Following Intestinal Ostomy Closure
Aktaş, D., KOÇAŞLI, S., & Baykara, Z. G. (2024) · Journal of Wound Ostomy and Continence Nursing · doi:10.1097/won.0000000000001084 · Cited by 2
Social and Religious Networks with Respect to the Health Behaviors of African American Women: A Systematic Review
Derboghossian, G., Foust, J. B., & Hayman, L. L. (2024) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-024-02147-9 · Cited by 3
Evaluation of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in clean-wound general surgery procedures: a propensity score-matched cohort study at a regional hospital
Charernsuk, M., Tunruttanakul, S., Jamjumrat, L., & Chareonsil, B. (2024) · BMC Surgery · doi:10.1186/s12893-024-02616-8 · Cited by 2
“These incomplete follow-ups were excluded from the analysis (complete case analysis) as they could affect the SSI diagnostic criteria, and a loss of under 5% introduces minimal bias [17].”
Utilization of the Fragility Index to Assess Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing Cervical Total Disc Arthroplasty to Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Lucas, S. L., Carroll, A. H., Backstrom, Z. K., Pasko, K. B. D., & Mesfin, A. (2025) · Global Spine Journal · doi:10.1177/21925682251341812 · Cited by 2
“23 In this systematic review, only 3 studies (15.8”
Influential
Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty after Sliding Hip Screw and Cephalomedullary Nail Failures: A Systematic Comparative Review and Meta-analysis
Chouhan, D., Rai, A., Nema, S. K., Chouhan, S., & Mishra, A. (2025) · Hip & Pelvis · doi:10.5371/hp.2025.37.2.103 · Cited by 3
“Retrospective studies and chart reviews are often flawed by high dropout rates, bias, and poor design quality 31) .”
Exploring the Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Caregiver Burden: Longitudinal Observational Study
Huang, L., Chien, C., & Yang, Y. (2025) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/73044 · Cited by 4
“This represents a loss to follow-up rate of only 10.9%, which is below the 20% threshold, indicating a minimal risk of bias [36].”
Influential
Wisdom and Courage
Hack, L. M. (2018) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzy086 · Cited by 2
Rates of retention of persons with a mental health disorder in outpatient smoking cessation and reduction trials, and associated factors: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Metse, A. P., Stockings, E., Bailey, J. M., Regan, T., Bartlem, K. M., Wolfenden, L., Taylor, G. M. J., Wiggers, J. H., & Bowman, J. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030646 · Cited by 2
Arthritis status changes and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Koreans: Analysis of data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging survey
Jeong, S. H., Kim, S. H., Park, M., Kwon, J., Lee, H. J., & Park, E. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110662 · Cited by 2
Injury epidemiology among Australian female cricketers
Perera, N. K. P. (2016) · FedUni ResearchOnline (Federation University Australia) · Cited by 2
Factors that influence early career nurse employment outcomes, settings and intention to remain in the workforce: a prospective cohort study
Cottle‐Quinn, A. (2019) · The University of Queensland · doi:10.14264/uql.2020.3 · Cited by 2
Characteristics and outcomes of patients who did not respond to a national spine surgery registry.Preprint
Kaur, S., Alhaug, O. K., Dolatowski, F. C., Solberg, T. K., & Lønne, G. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2011098/v1 · Cited by 2
Biases
Thukral, S., Kovac, S., & Paturu, M. R. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823026-8.00055-9 · Cited by 1
Cohort study: design, measures, and classic examples
Ghosh, B., Bhowmik, S., & Bandyopadhyay, D. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91790-2.00067-8 · Cited by 1
Effects of the immediate postpartum insertion of the etonogestrel implant on the development of breastfed infants: Results from a randomized controlled trial
de Nadai, M. N., Linhares, M. B. M., Sisdeli, J. C. D. L. R., do Carmo, L. S. D. M. P., Braga, G. C., Ferreira, L. S., Quintana, S. M., & Vieira, C. S. (2025) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.70291 · Cited by 1
“Although this level of attrition is below the 20% threshold often considered problematic in RCTs, 28,29 it may still introduce bias.”
Practical Review of Clinical Research Methodology and Statistics for the Orthopaedic Surgeon
Fabricant, P. D., Mange, T. R., Beber, S. A., & Bram, J. T. (2025) · Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons · doi:10.5435/jaaos-d-24-01535 · Cited by 1
Feasibility study of an internet-based virtual cultural exchange programme: Asian, North American and European university students
Cheung, K., Leung, N. H., Pulcini, V., Giacosa, A., Triki, N., Fitzgerald, R., Trautwein, R., Li, B., Li, Y. N., Tsang, H., et al. (2025) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2025.101037 · Cited by 1
The Compounding Burden of Pregnancy Loss: A Longitudinal Analysis of Quality-of-Life Trajectories After Miscarriage
Bolbocean, C., Coomarasamy, A., Fitzsimmons, L., Kaur, R., & Devall, A. (2025) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2025.10.013 · Cited by 1
Distinct multidimensional anger profiles predict current and long-term chronic pain outcomes
Granjon, M., Vest, N. A., Mackey, S., & Gilam, G. (2025) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2025.105611 · Cited by 1
“38,43,44 Identifying risk for HICP is crucial for effective triaging and treatment within a person-centered healthcare framework.”
Missing and incorrect data in clinical trials: impact on the final result and ways of prevention
Martsevich, S. Y. (2025) · CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION · doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2025-4572 · Cited by 1
The ‘good-enough’ balance between evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence in contemporary art therapy: a review of mixed methods research in art therapy
Park, S. (2026) · International Journal of Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/17454832.2026.2625754 · Cited by 1
“…conducting a follow-up study to evaluate the persistent impact of art therapy intervention would significantly benefit the validity of research in the effectiveness of art therapy, which could also enhance the recognition of policymakers in structuring the national guidelines (Dettori, 2011).”
Effects of 16-week aerobic exercise and whole-body vibration on myokines and neurocognitive indices in postmenopausal women: A randomized control study
Tsai, C.-L., & Chang, C.-L. (2026) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2026.106213 · Cited by 1
Effectiveness of BHATIN (Behavior-Tailored Intervention) for Self-Care Management and Clinical Biomarkers Among Patients with Hypertension: A Quasi Experimental Study
Usman, A. M., Kosasih, C. E., Pramukti, I., Sofiatin, Y., & Pamungkas, R. A. (2026) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s598078 · Cited by 1
“21,22 Given the 12-week intervention period and primary care setting, a conservative 10% attrition rate was considered appropriate to maintain adequate statistical power.”
Efficacy of Adjunct PRObiotics as Compared to the Standard Care in Moderate Unipolar Depression Among Geriatric Patients: A Randomized Double‐Blind Placebo‐Controlled Pilot Multi‐Center Trial ( PRODG )
Sinha, P., Chatterjee, P., Kathiresan, P., Raju, K. S., Panwar, R., Mukherjee, A., Kumar, G., Cherian, J. J., Velayuthan, A., Chakrawarty, A., et al. (2026) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.70530 · Cited by 2
“Intention- to-treat analysis with imputation could not be performed because of substantial missing data [34].”
Effectiveness of a Health Education Program in Hypertensive Patients with Dyslipidemia and/or Microalbuminuria: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Vinh Long Province, Vietnam
Le, M. H., Nguyen, T. K., Pham, T. T., Pham, T. T., & Tran, V. D. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11152208 · Cited by 1
Differences in Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake of Stunted Toddlers in Rural and Urban Areas of Bengkulu Province
Suryani, D., Kusdalinah, K., Pratiwi, B. A., & Yandrizal, Y. (2024) · Media Gizi Indonesia · doi:10.20473/mgi.v19i1sp.68-75 · Cited by 1
Identification of a suitable matching procedure in health services research: Insights into a study for stroke patients
Elkenkamp, S., Düvel, J., Gensorowsky, D., & Greiner, W. (2024) · Research Methods in Medicine & Health Sciences · doi:10.1177/26320843241310182 · Cited by 1
The Impact of Completion Angiography on Outcomes of Infrainguinal Lower Extremity Bypass for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Zarrintan, S., Moacdieh, M. P., Malas, M. B., & Gaffey, A. C. (2025) · Annals of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2025.01.048 · Cited by 1
A physician-pharmacist partnership intervention for deprescribing (P3iD) among older adults attending a falls and syncope clinic: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Goh, S. S. L., Lai, P. S. M., Ramdzan, S. N., Tan, K. M., Goh, A. M. C., & Tan, M. P. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0324565 · Cited by 1
“Assuming a 20% attrition rate [23], the total number of 70 participants will be recruited to each arm.”
Frailty changes after cardiac surgery: better or worse?
Teng, C., Chen, S., Wei, Y., Hsu, R., Chi, N.-H., Wang, S., Chen, Y., & Chen, C. (2025) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1093/eurjcn/zvaf089 · Cited by 1
Does use of the LUCAS device improve mortality in adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?
Fenwick, R. (2018) · Emergency Nurse · doi:10.7748/en.2018.e1825 · Cited by 1
COVID-19, curtailed clerkships, and competency: Making graduation decisions in the midst of a global pandemic
Desy, J. R., Harvey, A. M., Busche, K. D., Weeks, S. G., Paget, M., Naugler, C. T., Welikovitch, L., & McLaughlin, K. (2020) · Canadian Medical Education Journal · doi:10.36834/cmej.70432 · Cited by 1
Critical reappraisal of remdesivir investigational trials in COVID-19
Brouqui, P., Giraud‐Gatineau, A., & Raoult, D. (2020) · New Microbes and New Infections · doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100745 · Cited by 1
“up often having a different prognosis than those who complete the study [14].”
The application of the reverse fragility index to randomized controlled trials in hand surgery
Ahdoot, R., Pottepalem, B., Benítez, T. M., Wang, C.-W., & Chung, K. C. (2025) · Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) · doi:10.1177/17531934251327880 · Cited by 1
“…study outcomes with loss to follow-up exceeding the RFI warrant closer attention, as the uncertain outcomes of these participants can significantly alter results, shift statistical significance, and ultimately influence clinical practice and management decisions (Dettori, 2011; Walsh et al., 2015).”
Methods in pharmacoepidemiology : Four Studies, four Settings
Sundström, A. (2010) · Figshare
Nutritional status of children with Wilms' tumour on admission to Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital in Durban, South Africa and its influence on outcome.
Lifson, L. F. (2016) · ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal)
Anticoagulation increases survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Kajy, M. (2017) · Clinical Research in Practice The Journal of Team Hippocrates · doi:10.22237/crp/1498867260
Reliability of the COntext Assessment for Community Health (COACH) tool when administered on mobile phones versus pen-paper: A comparative study among healthcare staff in Nairobi, Kenya.
Cederqvist, M. (2015) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Anidulafungin: a noninferior alternative to fluconazole for treatment of esophageal candidiasis
Sanford, B. (2018) · Clinical Research in Practice The Journal of Team Hippocrates · doi:10.22237/crp/1535500980
“While any loss to follow up may affect study results, the loss to follow up in this study was <20%, which is often regarded as acceptable.(9) The study also used both efficacy analyses and an intent-to-treat analysis, which had similar outcomes, suggesting that differences in loss to follow up between groups did not a…”
Timing of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction
Prodromidis, A. D. (2018) · CLOK (University of Central Lancashire)
Demonstrating efficacy and effectiveness in clinical studies with recurrent event as primary end point: a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease example
Khatry, D. (2018) · Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research · doi:10.2217/cer-2018-0013
SLT versus ALT in Glaucoma Patients Treated Previously with 360-degree SLT—A Randomised, Single-Blind, Equivalence Clinical Trial
Guo, H. (2018) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
Invited commentary: advantages and cautions for developing valid prognostic models of simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation outcomes
Mehrabi, A., Khajeh, E., & Zeier, M. G. (2018) · Langenbeck s Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00423-018-1729-3
Langzeitentwicklung von Kindern nach Extra Corporaler Membran Oxygenierung (ECMO)
Förster, K. M., Herber-Jonat, S., Florian, A., Klemme, M., & Flemmer, A. W. (2019) · Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie · doi:10.1055/a-0835-7204
Comment on: “Intralesional versus intramuscular bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in the treatment of recalcitrant common warts”
Taheri, A., & Mansoori, P. (2019) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2019.09.086
What makes a great clinical trial in physiotherapy?
Zadro, J. R., Amorim, A. B., Ferreira, G. E., Hu, X., Becerra, R. E., Reza, B. S., Khan, S., & Moseley, A. M. (2021) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2020.1870252
Carta al Director de la RECOT. «Resultados funcionales y supervivencia a ocho años de la artroscopia de cadera en pacientes con patología degenerativa de cadera», de D. Torres-Perez et al
Sanz-Reig, J., & Martínez, J. M. (2021) · Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología · doi:10.1016/j.recot.2020.10.007
Virtual Reality to Improve Postural Control in Patients with Schizophrenia: Study Protocol for a Single-Blind Parallel Group Randomised Controlled Trial
Cunha, M., de Almeida, R. S., Fernandes, Â., & Marques, A. J. (2021) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72654-6_38
The rate of incidental secondary tumours in 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography in current literature—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Mohammadi, A., & Havas, T. E. (2021) · Australian Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.21037/ajo-21-17
Photovoice methodology to raise citizen awareness about the role of the gut microbiome in Non-Communicable Diseases: A pilot studyPreprint
García, S. I., Ordoñez, S., Pau, E. C. D. S., & Marcos-Zambrano, L. J. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.06.17.22276351
ASSESSING PREDICTORS OF DIRECTLY ACTING ANTIVIRALS’ FAILURE AS A FURTHER STEP TOWARDS MORE EFFICIENT HCV ELIMINATION PROGRAMS: IL28B (IFNL4) GENE POLYMORPHISM HAS NO ROLE WHILE HIGHER ESTIMATED CREATININE CLEARANCE IS A FORGOTTEN FACTOR
Kamal, A., Matta, C., MOHSIN, H. A., Hadidi, A. S. E., Ghazy, R. M., Heba Hany, O. M. A. R., Tahoun, M. M., & Mohamed, N. A. (2022) · Arquivos de Gastroenterologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-2803.202202000-33
Clinicopathological Study of Multiple Colorectal Cancer
Shirouzu, K., Tajiri, K., Horio, T., & Kamei, H. (2022) · Nihon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi · doi:10.3862/jcoloproctology.75.257
Loss to follow-up after surgery in patients with hip fracturesPreprint
Rui, M., Ren, K., Hui, Y., Peng, K., Du, X., Shen, J., Ren, Y., & Zheng, X. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-447796/v2
The state of anxiety treatments for adolescents and adults down syndrome: Results from a scoping rapid review
Fodstad, J. C., Jones, L. B., Iticovici, M. S., Russell, R. M., Bullington, M. R. S., & Meudt, E. (2024) · Journal of Mood and Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.xjmad.2024.100056
“Lack of follow-up has considerable impact on a study ’ s validity and limits the ability to make conclusions surrounding the long-term efficacy and safety of treatments provided [45, 46].”
The Use of Breast-specific Gamma Imaging as a Low-Cost Problem-Solving Strategy for Avoiding Biopsies in Patients With Inconclusive Imaging Findings on Mammography and Ultrasonography
Ko, A., Vo, A. M., Miller, N., Liang, A., Baumbach, M., Argue, J. R., Manche, N., Gonzalez, L., Austin, N., Carver, P., et al. (2024) · Journal of Breast Imaging · doi:10.1093/jbi/wbae040
Ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin trong quản lý người bệnh sau cấy máy tạo nhịp vĩnh viễn ở Viện Tim mạch Việt Nam, Bệnh viện Bạch Mai năm 2021
Phạm, T. L., Minh, Đ. T., Hoàng, P. Đ., Viên, H. L., Nguyễn, T. L. T., Nguyễn, D. T., & Vũ, H. T. (2024) · Tạp chí Tim Mạch Học Việt Nam · doi:10.58354/jvc.110.2024.831
A One-Day Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Workshop for the Prevention of Chronic Post-Surgical Pain and Long-Term Opioid Use Following Spine Surgery: Protocol for the Preps Study
Yamin, J. B., Pester, B., Kommu, R., Allen, C., Dharmendran, D., Steinhilber, K., Crago, M. A., Kazemipour, S., Franqueiro, A. R., Fentazi, D., et al. (2024) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2024.107785
The feasibility of assessing prognosis over 3 years in persons with a previous stroke/transient ischemic attack in general practice
Ryan, E., Gill, H., Doogue, R., McCann, D., Murphy, A. W., & Hayes, P. (2025) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-025-01595-8
“We would prefer that 100% of patients’ records were accessible—but the study team agreed not to proceed if less than 90% could be accessed—as it is generally accepted that > 20% loss to follow-up leads to serious threats to study validity [23].”

Authors: Dettori, J.
Affiliations: Spectrum Research (United States) (US)
Corresponding author: Dettori, Joseph
ORCID: Dettori, Joseph
Venue: Evidence-Based Spine-Care Journal
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Published: 2011-02
Volume: 2
Issue: 01
Pages: 7-10
ISSN: 1663-7976 (ISSN-L)
1869-4136
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1267080
PMC: PMC3427970
OpenAlex: W1965730835
Cited by: 336
References: 1
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 3.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Evidence-Based Spine-Care Journal (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Keywords: loss to follow-up, dropout, randomized controlled trials, research validity, bias, cervical myelopathy, spinal surgery outcomes

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Loss to follow-up

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks