Glucose effectiveness: Measurement in diabetic and nondiabetic humans
Abstract
It is well established that under the conditions of daily living, insulin secretion and insulin action determine glucose tolerance in nondiabetic humans both in the post-absorptive and post-prandial states. However, in recent years, glucose effectiveness (i.e., the ability of glucose per se to stimulate its own uptake and to suppress its own release) has also been shown to influence glucose tolerance in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. In states of deficient insulin action, e.g., in individuals with type 2 diabetes, glucose effectiveness assumes a greater role in determining glucose tolerance both during fasting and post-prandial conditions. A mathematical model (Minimal Model) of glucose turnover has been applied to estimate glucose effectiveness in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Several investigators have demonstrated reduced glucose effectiveness in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, measurements of glucose effectiveness by the traditional single compartment minimal model approach have been fraught with errors when compared to model independent estimates, especially in the diabetic population. This has led investigators to modify the parameters of the model with the incorporation of glucose tracers and the use of two-compartment model of glucose kinetics. Although this has made the indices of glucose effectiveness more robust, proper validation experiments are necessary before widespread application of these methods.
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Glucose can regulate its own metabolism in tissues independently of insulin.
“Glucose can regulate its own metabolism in tissues independently of insulin [59].”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [59]
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Decreased isometric muscle strength after acute hyperglycaemia in Type 1 diabetic patients
Andersen, H., Schmitz, O., & Nielsen, S. (2005) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01649.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
A Mathematical Model of the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Illustrating the Effects of the Incretins
Brubaker, P. L., Ohayon, E. L., D’Alessandro, L. M., & Norwich, K. H. (2007) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-007-9274-1 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“The constant value of b was obtained by setting the derivative term, dI/dt equal to zero in Eq. (5), setting G, I and Inc equal to their basal values, and solving for b. When Eq. ( 5 ) is combined with Eq. (6) below, it can be seen that the release of insulin responds to both absolute glucose concentration and its rat…”
BackgroundInfluentialThe gastrointestinal tract and glucose tolerance
Vella, A. V., Camilleri, M., & Rizza, R. A. (2004) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000134375.01310.97 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
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“Evidence have shown that GE could be affected by the BMI level [65].”
BackgroundWiernsperger, N. (2005) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70212-4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Its quantitation is also subjected to specific limitations [24, 25].”
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Osteocalcin and the Regulation of Glucose Metabolism
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“Glucose effectiveness is the ability of glucose per se to stimulate its own uptake and suppress its own release and is also defective in people with established diabetes [25, 26].”
BackgroundYang, Y.-S., Wu, C., Lin, J., Hsieh, C., Chen, Y., Pei, D., & Kuo, S. (2019) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.20945/2359-3997000000169 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gradel, A. K. J., Kildegaard, J., Porsgaard, T., Lykkesfeldt, J., & Refsgaard, H. H. F. (2021) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/bcpt.13574 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Basu, A., & Rizza, R.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- ORCID
- Basu, A.
- Venue
- Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 2001-11-23
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- Suppl 2
- Pages
- S157-S165
- ISSN
- 0947-7349 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-3646
- OpenAlex
- W2000485847
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- glucose effectiveness, glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, insulin action, insulin secretion, glucose turnover, minimal models, glucose tracer, postprandial blood glucose, fasting blood glucose
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glucose, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Models, Biological, Reference Values, Postprandial Period
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