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Human Attentional Networks
Abstract
In recent years it has been possible to treat attention as an organ system with its own anatomy, circuitry and set of functions. We view attention in terms of three interrelated neural networks in the human brain. These networks carry out the specific functions of developing and maintaining the alert state, orienting to sensory input, and executive control. Damage to these networks or their chemical neuromodulators can produce specific neurological and psychiatric deficits. We have conducted behavioral, developmental, and patient studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), event related potentials (ERP), genetics, and computational modeling to investigate the anatomy, circuitry, pathology, and development of attentional networks. The Attentional Network Test (ANT) is developed to measure the efficiency of each of the attention networks. The ANT can also serve as an endophenotype for genetic studies on attentional networks. This paper reviews our work with the ANT in studies of normal performance and various forms of psychopathology.
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“Besides these macrostructural indicators, it was suggested that ADHD primarily involves the fronto-striatal [13] as well as fronto-parietal networks [14].”
From The brain anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults—a magnetic resonance imaging study (2017) · cites this paper as [14]
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“This results in a processing advantage of attended features, expressed on a behavioral level for example in reduced reaction times as well as increased accuracy [Fan and Posner, 2004].”
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“Our efforts to understand how biochemical factors might relate to normal attention and abnormal behavior, have relied on the Attention Network Task (ANT), a task that has been shown to activate specific anatomical networks involved in orienting to sensory events, maintaining an alert state and resolving conflict betwe…”
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“…Center, Lille Cedex, France 4 Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Lille University Medical Center, Lille Cedex, France 1 3 Most studies of visuospatial attention are based on Posner’s model (Posner and Petersen 1990), which is based on well-characterized brain networks (Fan and Posner 2004).”
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“This assumption is based on attention network theory, which views the ANT as the standard protocol for separating the networks and considers it capable of fully activating them (Fan et al., 2005; Fan & Posner, 2004).”
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“There is a considerable body of work on the complexity of these two capacities (Baddeley, 2006; Bialystok and Martin, 2003; Callejas et al., 2004; Fan and Posner, 2004; Gathercole et al., 2006; Gathercole et al., 2004; Miyake et al., 2000; Posner, 2004; Posner and Petersen, 1990; Rueda et al.,…”
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“Attentional processes also involve a substratum of complex networks regulating and maintaining alertness and orienting sensorial information and executive control (Fan and Posner 2004; Filley 2002; Fernandez-Duque and Posner 2001).”
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“Attentional network has three separable functional components, that is, alerting, orienting, and executive control [11].”
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“The calculation of the three attentional networks’ efficiency was obtained as follows: alerting network = RT no cue — RT double cue, orienting network = RT centre cue — RT spatial cue, control network = RT incongruent — RT congruent (see Fan & Posner, 2004).”
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“In order to properly understand the meaning of this difference, we run an ANOVA applying the definition of executive control as formulated by Fan and colleagues [7], i.e., calculating an index of the difference in RTs between congruent and incongruent trials.”
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“Research conducted over the past few decades has identified three primary networks involved in attention: the alerting network, the orienting network, and the executive control network (Fan et al. 2002; Fan and Posner 2004; Posner and Petersen 1990; Xuan et al. 2016).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fan, J., & Posner, M.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- University of Oregon (US)
- Venue
- Psychiatrische Praxis
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 31
- Pages
- 210-214
- ISSN
- 1611-8332 (ISSN-L)
- 1611-8340
- OpenAlex
- W2017895389
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 2.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- de
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatrische Praxis. Supplement (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Keywords
- attentional networks, alertness, orienting, executive function, neuromodulators, Attentional Network Test, endophenotypes, psychopathology, neuropsychology
- MeSH terms
- Arousal, Attention, Mental Disorders, Brain, Brain Damage, Chronic, Brain Mapping, Genotype, Humans, Individuality, Nerve Net, Neuropsychological Tests
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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