Insulin Resistance in Cushing's Syndrome
Abstract
Insulin resistance is well established in Cushing's syndrome, but its mechanisms are not completely understood. We performed the euglycemic insulin clamp technique on four patients with Cushing's syndrome, five obese patients and five normal volunteers, in order to determine the role of impairments in insulin responsiveness and insulin clearance in hypercorticism and obesity. Insulin was infused at 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 mU/kg/min, and steady-state glucose-infusion rates required to maintain euglycemia were determined. Glucose disposal at maximal insulin levels was 11.9 +/- 0.4 mg/kg/min in normals, with a 29% decrease in obese and a 42% decrease in Cushing's syndrome patients. Half maximally effective insulin concentrations were increased in both abnormal groups compared to normals. Maximal insulin clearance rates were 1460 +/- 200 ml/min/m2 in normals, not significantly changed in obese and 40% decreased in Cushing's syndrome patients. These results indicate that the insulin resistance in Cushing's syndrome is distinct from that occurring in obesity and is characterized by both decreased insulin responsiveness and decreased insulin clearance. These impairments could be caused by a common defect which may be at or distal to the glucose transport level.
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Excess cortisol is characterized by various metabolic disturbances, including fasting hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance.
“EXCESS CORTISOL is characterized by various metabolic disturbances, including the presence of fasting hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance (21,23,34,37).”
From Impaired basal glucose effectiveness but unaltered fasting glucose release and gluconeogenesis during short-term hypercortisolemia in healthy subjects (2004) · cites this paper as [23]
Hypercortisolemia is characterized by hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia.
“Besides coincident disturbances in protein and lipid metabolism, hypercortisolemia is also characterized by hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia (13,21,23,34,37,43).”
From Impaired basal glucose effectiveness but unaltered fasting glucose release and gluconeogenesis during short-term hypercortisolemia in healthy subjects (2004) · cites this paper as [23]
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Review Article The biochemical assessment of insulin resistance
Borai, A., Livingstone, C., & Ferns, G. A. (2007)
- Authors
- Karnieli, E., Cohen, P., Barzilai, N., Ish-Shalom, Z., Armoni, M., Rafaelov, R., & Barzilai, D.
- Affiliations
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
- Venue
- Hormone and Metabolic Research
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 1985-10
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 518-521
- ISSN
- 0018-5043 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-4286
- OpenAlex
- W2019896560
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hormone and Metabolic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AM 31489)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Keywords
- insulin resistance, Cushing's syndrome, hypercortisolism, obesity, insulin clearance, insulin responsiveness, glucose disposal, glucose transport, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp
- MeSH terms
- Biological Transport, Blood Glucose, Cushing Syndrome, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Obesity
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