The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Menstrual Cycle and Exercise: Performance, Muscle Glycogen, and Substrate Responses
Abstract
Six eumenorrheic females (age = 26.3 +/- 2.4 yrs; X +/- SE) exercised until exhaustion (EE; 70% VO2max) at the midluteal (LP, 7-8 days after ovulation) and midfollicular (FP, days 7-8) phases of their menstrual cycles. Phases were confirmed by estradiol and progesterone concentrations. Each EE test was preceded by a depletion exercise bout (DE; 90 min, 60% VO2max and 4 x 1 min, 100% VO2max) and 3 days of rest/diet control. Muscle biopsies 1% (vastus lateralis) were taken post-DE, pre-EE, and post-EE and then analyzed for glycogen content. There was a strong tendency (P less than 0.07) for EE duration to be greater during LP (139.2 +/- 14.9 min) than FP (126 +/- 17.5 min). Glycogen repletion (pre-EE minus post-DE) following DE was greater (P = 0.05) during the LP than FP (88.2 +/- 4.7 vs 72.8 +/- 5.7 mumol/g w. w. muscle). However, EE glycogen utilization (pre-EE minus post-EE/EE time) did not differ between phases (LP = 0.41 +/- 0.08 mumol/g w. w. muscle/min vs FP = 0.33 +/- 0.11 mumol/g w. w. muscle/min; P = 0.17). The results suggest that exercise performance and muscle glycogen content are enhanced during the LP of the menstrual cycle. These findings imply athletic performance may be affected by the phases of the menstrual cycle.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“metabolic perturbations of exercise are still evident 21 hours after 60–90 min of low to moderate intensity exercise in men but are no longer apparent after 3 hours in women [155,172,215].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [215]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Effects of the Menstrual Cycle on Exercise Performance
de Jonge, X. J. (2003) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200333110-00004 · Cited by 488
Association Between the Menstrual Cycle and Anterior CruciateLigament Injuries in Female Athletes
Wojtys, E. M., Huston, L. J., Lindenfeld, T. N., Hewett, T. E., & Greenfield, M. L. V. H. (1998) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/03635465980260050301 · Cited by 412
“Previous studies have detected differences in physical performance during the female cycle.(9,12,29,33,41,42,46,49,50,52,63) Posthuma et al.”
Carbohydrates and fat for training and recovery
Burke, L. M., Kiens, B., & Ivy, J. L. (2004) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/0264041031000140527 · Cited by 416
“There is some evidence that the menstrual status of female athletes affects glycogen storage, with greater storage of glycogen occurring during the luteal phase rather than the follicular phase (Nicklas et al., 1989; Hackney et al., 1994).”
BackgroundOosthuyse, T., & Bosch, A. N. (2010) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11317090-000000000-00000 · Cited by 380
Changes in muscle strength, relaxation rate and fatiguability during the human menstrual cycle.
Sarwar, R., Niclos, B. B., & Rutherford, O. M. (1996) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021381 · Cited by 359
Metadata
- Authors
- Nicklas, B., Hackney, A., & Sharp, R.
- Affiliations
- Iowa State University (US)
- ORCID
- Sharp, R.
- Venue
- International Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 1989-08
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 04
- Pages
- 264-269
- ISSN
- 0172-4622 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-3964
- OpenAlex
- W1975400802
- Cited by
- 194
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- menstrual cycle, exercise performance, muscle glycogen, glycogen repletion, glycogen utilization, luteal phase, follicular phase, exhaustive exercise, substrate metabolism, female athletes, estradiol, progesterone, vastus lateralis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Estradiol, Exercise Test, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Glycogen, Heart Rate, Humans, Lactates, Menstrual Cycle, Muscles, Oxygen Consumption, Progesterone, Exercise, Lactic Acid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
