Harnessing Moravec’s paradox in health care: a new era of collaborative intelligence
Abstract
AbstractArtificial intelligence excels at complex data analytics, yet struggles with nuanced, sensorimotor tasks that humans perform almost effortlessly - a dichotomy encapsulated by Moravec's paradox. By strategically harnessing these complementary strengths, health care can usher in an era of collaborative intelligence, optimizing data-intensive workflows, such as clinical trial enrollment, and creating more patient-centric models of care.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
LLMs handle messy narrative understanding but are fragile on Boolean and temporal checks.
“LLMs handle messy narrative understanding but are fragile on Boolean and temporal checks”
Cites
Language Models are Few-Shot Learners
Brown, T. B., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A., et al. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.14165 · Cited by 23,372 · see citing works
An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale
Dosovitskiy, A., Beyer, L., Kolesnikov, A., Weissenborn, D., Zhai, X., Unterthiner, T., Dehghani, M., Minderer, M., Heigold, G., Gelly, S., et al. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2010.11929 · Cited by 21,793 · see citing works
Kaugeranna, R., Kaugeranna, E., & Aion, (. S. 4. 6. (2023) · DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz Center for Informatics) · doi:10.4230/lipics.giscience.2023.43 · Cited by 13,695 · see citing works
Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations
Obermeyer, Z., Powers, B., Vogeli, C., & Mullainathan, S. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax2342 · Cited by 7,137 · see citing works
Rajkomar, A., Dean, J., & Kohane, I. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1814259 · Cited by 4,579 · see citing works
Collins, G. S., Reitsma, J. B., Altman, D. G., & Moons, K. G. M. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g7594 · Cited by 4,388 · see citing works
The false hope of current approaches to explainable artificial intelligence in health care
Ghassemi, M., Oakden-Rayner, L., & Beam, A. L. (2021) · The Lancet Digital Health · doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00208-9 · Cited by 1,724 · see citing works
Moons, K. G. M., Wolff, R. F., Riley, R. D., Whiting, P. F., Westwood, M., Collins, G. S., Reitsma, J. B., Kleijnen, J., & Mallett, S. (2019) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m18-1377 · Cited by 1,669 · see citing works
Do no harm: a roadmap for responsible machine learning for health care
Wiens, J., Saria, S., Sendak, M., Ghassemi, M., Liu, V. X., Doshi-Velez, F., Jung, K., Heller, K., Kale, D., Saeed, M., et al. (2019) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0548-6 · Cited by 1,266 · see citing works
Use of gpt-4 to diagnose complex clinical cases
Eriksen, A. V., Möller, S., & Ryg, J. (2024) · NEJM AI · doi:10.1056/aip2300031 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Wan, P., Huang, Z., Tang, W., Nie, Y., Pei, D., Deng, S., Chen, J., Zhou, Y., Duan, H., Chen, Q., et al. (2024) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-024-03148-7 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
If Machines Exceed Us: Health Care at an Inflection Point
Klang, E., Tessler, I., Freeman, R., Sorin, V., & Nadkarni, G. N. (2024) · NEJM AI · doi:10.1056/aip2400559 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kurnaz, S., Loaiza-Bonilla, A., Carvallo Castañeda, D., Huner, O., Giritlioglu, D., & Precision Cancer Consortium (2024) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e13501 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Loaiza-Bonilla, A., Yost, C., Kurnaz, S., Tuysuz, E., Thaker, N. G., Giritlioglu, D., & Noel Meza, J. P. (2026) · ESMO Real World Data and Digital Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.esmorw.2026.100706 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A unified framework for pre-screening and screening tools in oncology clinical trials
Horgan, D., Paulson, J., Loaiza‐Bonilla, A., Svedman, C., Malapelle, U., Penault-Llorca, F. M., Rasheed, H. M. A., Hofman, P. M., Kachnowski, S., Schneider, D. J., et al. (2026) · npj Precision Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41698-026-01306-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Loaiza‐Bonilla, A., Basu, P. S., Lucas, E., Yost, C. D., & Arora, S. (2026) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.1200/edbk-26-521200 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Miwa, T., Okamoto, K., Nishizaki, Y., & Tokuda, Y. (2026) · JMIR AI · doi:10.2196/89750
- Authors
- Loaiza-Bonilla, A., & Penberthy, S.
- Affiliations
- Massive Bio, New York
- Google (United States) (US)
- Venue
- NEJM AI
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2025-04-24
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- AIp2500005-AIp2500005
- ISSN
- 2836-9386 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4409767668
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NEJM AI (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Technology and Human Factors in Education and Health
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence in healthcare, collaborative intelligence, human-AI collaboration
- MeSH terms
- Artificial Intelligence, Cooperative Behavior, Delivery of Health Care, Humans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review