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Tremelimumab plus Durvalumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: A single, high priming dose of tremelimumab (anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4) plus durvalumab (anti–programmed cell death ligand-1), an infusion regimen termed STRIDE (Single Tremelimumab Regular Interval Durvalumab), showed encouraging clinical activity and safety in a phase 2 trial of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: In this global, open-label, phase 3 trial, the majority of the patients we enrolled with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and no previous systemic treatment were randomly assigned to receive one of three regimens: tremelimumab (300 mg, one dose) plus durvalumab (1500 mg every 4 weeks; STRIDE), durvalumab (1500 mg every 4 weeks), or sorafenib (400 mg twice daily). The primary objective was overall survival for STRIDE versus sorafenib. Noninferiority for overall survival for durvalumab versus sorafenib was a secondary objective. RESULTS: In total, 1171 patients were randomly assigned to STRIDE (n=393), durvalumab (n=389), or sorafenib (n=389). The median overall survival was 16.43 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.16 to 19.58) with STRIDE, 16.56 months (95% CI, 14.06 to 19.12) with durvalumab, and 13.77 months (95% CI, 12.25 to 16.13) with sorafenib. Overall survival at 36 months was 30.7%, 24.7%, and 20.2%, respectively. The overall survival hazard ratio for STRIDE versus sorafenib was 0.78 (96.02% CI, 0.65 to 0.93; P=0.0035). Overall survival with durvalumab monotherapy was noninferior to sorafenib (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95.67% CI, 0.73 to 1.03; noninferiority margin, 1.08). Median progression-free survival was not significantly different among all three groups. Grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events occurred for 50.5% of patients with STRIDE, 37.1% with durvalumab, and 52.4% with sorafenib. CONCLUSIONS: STRIDE significantly improved overall survival versus sorafenib. Durvalumab monotherapy was noninferior to sorafenib for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. (Funded by AstraZeneca; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03298451.)
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“The response rate was 20% with durvalumab plus tremelimumab and 30% with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, with median duration of response ranging from 18 months to 22 months.”
From Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus lenvatinib or sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 9DW): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
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“PD-L1 inhibitor-based regimens received approvals in 2020 (atezolizumab plus bevacizumab) and 2022 (tremelimumab plus durvalumab) as first-line treatment options for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma after showing improved outcomes over sorafenib, with median overall survival ranging from 16 months to 19 months.”
From Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus lenvatinib or sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 9DW): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
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“With the introduction of PD-L1 inhibitors in this setting, survival benefits versus sorafenib were improved with a median overall survival of 19•2 months with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, 9,10 16•6 months with durvalumab monotherapy, and 16•4 months with tremelimumab plus durvalumab, 7,8 leading to regulatory”
From Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus lenvatinib or sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 9DW): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
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“At the RP2D, the safety profile was consistent with the known safety profile of durvalumab in combination with tremelimumab in adult patients (13, 14), and no new safety signals were identified in our pediatric population.”
From Phase I/II, open-label, multicenter study of durvalumab in combination with tremelimumab in pediatric patients with advanced solid tumors (2026) · cites this paper as [14]
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“durvalumab plus tremelimumab has demonstrated improved OS compared with sorafenib alone in adults with unresectable hepatocellular cancer (14).”
From Phase I/II, open-label, multicenter study of durvalumab in combination with tremelimumab in pediatric patients with advanced solid tumors (2026) · cites this paper as [14]
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“In HIMALAYA, durvalumab plus tremelimumab yielded an objective response rate of 20% and median duration of response of 22•3 months.7”
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“up to 20% of OBIs may be negative for both HBsAg and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) with existing assays [67, 68]”
From Etiology-Based Treatment for Unresectable/Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Focus on Viral Hepatitis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (2025) · cites this paper as [68]
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“These ICIs demonstrate superior effectiveness compared with existing tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the IMbrave150 10 and HIMALAYA trials, 9 respectively.”
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InfluentialSelf-citationCould We Predict the Response of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
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“Recently, another combinational regimen of tremelimumab–durvalumab was shown to improve the median OS over that of sorafenib treatment in a phase III clinical trial [20].”
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“…approved by the FDA (October 2022) and recommended for approval by the European Medicines Agency (January 2023) for the treatment of unresectable HCC, following phase 3 trial results (HIMALAYA: NCT03298451) identifying superiority compared with sorafenib, with a favourable safety pro fi le [17].”
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“of effective immunotherapy 4,5 identification of patients at high risk for recurrence seems of additional interest.”
BackgroundKudo, M. (2024) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000540801 · Cited by 24
“…a large difference between responder and non-responder to Nivol Ipi 3 treatment. response rate was 36%, including a 7% complete response rate, which is exceptionally high and is higher than the 30% for atezolizumab plus bevacizumab [4] and 20.1% for durvalumab plus tremelimumab [5] (Table 1).”
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“[3] In Japan, based on the results of the IMbrave150 and STRIDE trials, 2 ICI regimens—Atezo+Bev and Dur+Tre—became available in May 2023.”
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“In HIMALAYA study [16, 17], an improved OS with tremelimumab plus durvalumab versus sorafenib in the nonviral subgroup (HR = 0.77) was obtained, which was similar to the whole population analysis (HR = 0.76) and superior to the HCV subgroup (HR = 0.89), suggested that proper ICI combination improve…”
ResultInfluentialUeno, M., Takeda, H., Takai, A., Morimura, H., Nishijima, N., Iwamoto, S., Okuyama, S., Umeda, M., Seta, T., Ikeda, A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-024-02150-7 · Cited by 20
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“The combination of single-dose tremelimumab, an anti-CTLA-4 mAb, and durvalumab, an anti-PD-L1 mAb (together known as STRIDE), became the first immune checkpoint inhibitor-exclusive regimen to show superior OS compared to first-line sorafenib in the phase 3 HIMALAYA trial [3].”
Désert, R., Giannone, F., Saviano, A., Hoshida, Y., Heikenwälder, M. F., Nahon, P., & Baumert, T. F. (2025) · npj gut and liver. · doi:10.1038/s44355-025-00018-y · Cited by 23
“CTLA-4 inhibition by tremelimumab or ipilimumab showed some potential in phase II and phase III clinical trials, either as first or second-line therapy 11,39 .”
Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients without cirrhosis
Sato‐Espinoza, K., Valdivia-Herrera, M., Chotiprasidhi, P., & Ferrer, J. D. (2025) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i23.107100 · Cited by 24
“Similarly, the HIMALAYA trial demonstrated that a combination of durvalumab and tremelimumab as first-line therapy for advanced HCC resulted in superior overall survival (OS) vs sorafenib[117].”
Lee, P., Wu, C.-J., Hung, Y., Lee, C.-J., Mon, H.-C., Chi, C., Lee, I., Kuo, Y.-L., Chou, S.-H., Luo, J., et al. (2025) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000001446 · Cited by 20
Wang, J., Zheng, Z., Wu, T., Li, W., Wang, J., Pan, Y., Peng, W. J., Hu, D., Hou, J., Xu, L., et al. (2022) · Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma · doi:10.2147/jhc.s379326 · Cited by 20
“4,5 6–9 Therefore, The scheme of targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy was recommended to be the preferred option in first-line setting for advanced primary liver cancer in both the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for…”
Advances in Targeted Immunotherapy for Hepatobiliary Cancers
Ruff, S. M., Shannon, A. H., & Pawlik, T. M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232213961 · Cited by 21
“The trial was not designed to compare STRIDE and durvalumab monotherapy, but based on the data the authors suspect that tremelimumab may add a survival benefit to durvalumab over time [18].”
BackgroundAbboud, K., Umoru, G., Esmail, A., Abudayyeh, A., Murakami, N., Al-Shamsi, H. O., Javle, M. M., Saharia, A., Connor, A. A., Kodali, S., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15051433 · Cited by 21
“Extrapolating from the demonstrated activity of ICI such as atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, tremelimumab plus durvalumab, nivolumab plus ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab and in the advanced setting, neoadjuvant immunotherapy was investigated as a potential down-staging therapy [155,156].”
MethodKaya, N. A., Tai, D. W.-M., Lim, X., Lim, J. Q., Lau, M. C., Goh, D. L. M., Phua, C. Z. J., Wee, F. Y. T., Joseph, C. R., Lim, J. C. T., et al. (2023) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007106 · Cited by 21
Khaled, N. B., Møller, M., Jochheim, L. S., Leyh, C., Ehmer, U., Böttcher, K., Pinter, M., Balcar, L., Scheiner, B., Weich, A., et al. (2024) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101065 · Cited by 20
Systemic Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: ASCO Guideline Update Clinical Insights
Rose, M. G., Kennedy, E. B., Abou‐Alfa, G. K., Finn, R. S., Gade, T. P. F., Kelley, R. K., Taddei, T. H., & Gordan, J. D. (2024) · JCO Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/op.24.00189 · Cited by 20
Self-citationSaeki, I., Shimose, S., Tomonari, T., Ito, T., Tani, J., Takeuchi, Y., Yoshioka, N., Naito, T., Takeuchi, M., Kakizaki, S., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0311084 · Cited by 20
Sex differences in cancer and immunotherapy outcomes: the role of androgen receptor
Zhao, J., Wang, Q., Tan, A. F., Loh, C. J. L., & Toh, H. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416941 · Cited by 19
Roth, G. S., Villeret, F., Decaens, T., Merle, P., & Nahon, P. (2022) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.15504 · Cited by 21
“46 (6) GIDEON prospective, observational registry study.”
Immunotherapeutic approaches in Hepatocellular carcinoma: Building blocks of hope in near future
Minaei, N., Ramezankhani, R., Tamimi, A., Piryaei, A., Zarrabi, A., Aref, A. R., Mostafavi, E., & Vosough, M. (2022) · European Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151284 · Cited by 19
Cowzer, D., White, J. B., Chou, J. F., Chen, P., Kim, T., Khalil, D. N., Dika, I. H. E., Columna, K., Yaqubie, A., Light, J. S., et al. (2023) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po.23.00272 · Cited by 19
Self-citationChami, P., Diab, Y., Khalil, D. N., Azhari, H., Jarnagin, W. R., Abou‐Alfa, G. K., Harding, J. J., Hajj, J., Ma, J., Homsi, M. E., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242316773 · Cited by 18
Self-citationRuli, T. M., Pollack, E. D., Lodh, A., Evers, C. D., Price, C. A., & Shoreibah, M. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16112042 · Cited by 23
Lai, K.-C., Chen, Y., Hung, Y., Chiang, N.-J., Chen, M., & Chen, S. (2024) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-024-10728-9 · Cited by 20
Hwang, S. Y., Lee, S. L., Liu, H., & Lee, S. S. (2023) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000534303 · Cited by 18
“In the HIMALAYA trial, combination therapy of durvalumab-tremelimumab also demonstrated improved OS (16.4 vs. 13.8 months, HR 0.78) compared to sorafenib [6].”
InfluentialLi, J., Yang, B., Teng, Z., Liu, Y., Li, D., & Qu, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1430196 · Cited by 20
“Moreover, combined therapy with ICIs has also shown improved OS compared to sorafenib in the HIMALAYA trial (12, 13).”
Hiraoka, A., Tada, T., Hirooka, M., Kariyama, K., Tani, J., Atsukawa, M., Takaguchi, K., Itobayashi, E., Fukunishi, S., Tsuji, K., et al. (2024) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/hepr.14136 · Cited by 18
Self-citationJin, Z., Zhou, J., Chen, J., Ding, R., Scheiner, B., Wang, S., Li, H., Shen, Q., Lu, Q., Liu, Y., et al. (2024) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.13615 · Cited by 21
Kim, Y. J., Merle, P., Finn, R. S., Kudo, M., Klümpen, H., Lim, H. Y., Ikeda, M., Granito, A., Masi, G., Gerolami, R., et al. (2024) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000542285 · Cited by 18
“It should be noted that unlike the phase 3 trials of lenvatinib (REFLECT) [23] and tremelimumab plus durvalumab (HIMALAYA) [27] for fi rst-line uHCC, REFINE included high-risk patients with advanced HCC (e.g., those with tumor thrombosis in the main trunk of the portal vein).”
Self-citationSpatial‒temporal heterogeneities of liver cancer and the discovery of the invasive zone
Yan, J.-Y., Jiang, Z.-F., Zhang, S., Yu, Q.-C., Lu, Y.-J., Miao, R.-Z., Tang, Z.-Y., Fan, J., Wu, L., Dan, D.-D. G., et al. (2025) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.70224 · Cited by 18
Pomej, K., Frick, A. P., Scheiner, B., Balcar, L., Pajancic, L., Klotz, A., Kreuter, A., Lampichler, K., Regnat, K., Zinober, K., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0321189 · Cited by 21
“Moreover, the combination of tremelimumab plus durvalumab also improved its primary endpoint of OS in a phase III trial [6], and represents an alternative immunotherapy-based treatment option in the systemic first-line setting [7].”
Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: how will it reshape treatment sequencing?
Cammarota, A., Zanuso, V., Manfredi, G. F., Murphy, R., Pinato, D. J., & Rimassa, L. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology · doi:10.1177/17588359221148029 · Cited by 19
Self-citationWu, L. Y., Hyfte, G. V., Özbek, U., Reincke, M., Gampa, A., Mohamed, Y. I., Nishida, N., Wietharn, B., Amara, S., Lee, P., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1128569 · Cited by 18
“In addition, the phase III HIMALAYA trial recently showed that the combination of durvalumab and tremelimumab had superior efficacy to sorafenib in the first-line treatment of unresectable HCC (5).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHatanaka, T., Kakizaki, S., Hiraoka, A., Tada, T., Hirooka, M., Kariyama, K., Tani, J., Atsukawa, M., Takaguchi, K., Itobayashi, E., et al. (2023) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/hepr.13905 · Cited by 18
“Recently, durvalumab (a PD‐L1 inhibitor) plus tremelimumab (a CTLA‐4 inhibitor) combination treatment showed better survival than sorafenib treatment in a phase III RCT.(2) The European Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines recommended Atez/Bev and Dur/Tre for BCLC B or C stage HCC patients.”
BackgroundInfluentialCelsa, C., Cabibbo, G., Pinato, D. J., Maria, G. D., Enea, M., Vaccaro, M., Battaglia, S. L., Rizzo, G. E. M., Giuffrida, P., Giacchetto, C. M., et al. (2023) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000531744 · Cited by 18
Aly, A., Fulcher, N. M., Seal, B. S., Pham, T. T., Wang, Y., Paulson, S., & He, A. R. (2023) · Hepatic Oncology · doi:10.2217/hep-2023-0002 · Cited by 18
Chen, X., Liu, X., & Du, S. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15205046 · Cited by 19
Africa Guidelines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Buildup Process
Abou‐Alfa, G. K., Afihene, M., Capanu, M., Li, Y., Chou, J. F., Asombang, A. W., Alatise, O. I., Bounedjar, A., Cunha, L., Desalegn, H., et al. (2023) · JCO Global Oncology · doi:10.1200/go.23.00159 · Cited by 18
Self-citationKudo, M. (2024) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000538558 · Cited by 18
“This trial compares PFS between two arms: the STRIDE regimen (tremelimumab [Treme] + Durva), which showed OS prolongation over sorafenib in the Phase 3 HIMALAYA trial in advanced HCC [25], plus LEN plus TACE arm and the TACE alone arm (Fig.”
Self-citationHepatocellular carcinoma: Advances in systemic therapies
Wu, T. K.-H., Hui, R. W., Mak, L., Fung, J., Seto, W., & Yuen, M. (2024) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.145493.1 · Cited by 21
Moriguchi, M., Kataoka, S., & Itoh, Y. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16132387 · Cited by 18
“Moreover, durvalumab plus tremelimumab (DUR/TRE) [7] elicited a superior OS to sorafenib, and long-term follow-up has confirmed cases of long-term survival.”
BackgroundPiscaglia, F., Masi, G., Martinelli, E., Cabibbo, G., Maïo, M. D., Gasbarrini, A., Iavarone, M. A., Antonuzzo, L., Mazzaferro, V., Ballestrero, A., et al. (2025) · ESMO Open · doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.104110 · Cited by 18
“These results are consistent with data from the IMbrave150 trial and further con fi rm this combination as a standard of care for systemic treatment-naive advanced and unresectable HCC. Avallone Antonio (Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples), Bordo…”
InfluentialSelf-citationKudo, M. (2023) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000528979 · Cited by 18
Self-citationLi, Y., Hamad, M. A., & Elkord, E. (2025) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-025-10788-5 · Cited by 17
Enzler, T., & Frankel, T. L. (2025) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2025.217662 · Cited by 17
The present and the future of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary tract cancers
Cabibbo, G., Rimassa, L., Lamarca, Á., Masi, G., Daniele, B., Pinato, D. J., & Gardini, A. C. (2025) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.102955 · Cited by 18
Self-citationZhu, A. X., Lin, Y., Ferry, D. R., Widau, R. C., & Saha, A. (2022) · Immunotherapy · doi:10.2217/imt-2022-0089 · Cited by 17
Saeki, I., Suehiro, Y., Yamauchi, Y., Hoshida, T., Tanabe, N., Oono, T., Kawamoto, D., Nishimura, T., Matsumoto, T., Ishikawa, T., et al. (2023) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-023-10488-y · Cited by 17
“Additionally, combined immunotherapy using atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or durvalumab plus tremelimumab was significantly superior to sorafenib (SORA) treatment in terms of overall survival (OS) [2, 3].”
BackgroundTanabe, N., Saeki, I., Aibe, Y., Matsuda, T., Hanazono, T., Nishi, M., Hidaka, I., Kuwashiro, S., Shiratsuki, S., Matsuura, K., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15112927 · Cited by 17
Kuzuya, T., Kawabe, N., Ariga, M., Ohno, E., Funasaka, K., Nagasaka, M., Nakagawa, Y., Miyahara, R., Shibata, T., Takahara, T., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15112952 · Cited by 17
“In 2022, the combination of anti-PD-L1 durvalumab and anti-CTLA 4 tremelimumab showed promising results in the HIMALAYA trial and was positioned as first-line therapy for advanced HCC alongside Atz/Bev [46].”
Immune-Based Combination Therapies for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Carloni, R., Sabbioni, S., Rizzo, A., Ricci, A. D., Palloni, A., Petrarota, C., Cusmai, A., Tavolari, S., Gadaleta‐Caldarola, G., & Brandi, G. (2023) · Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma · doi:10.2147/jhc.s390963 · Cited by 18
A multidisciplinary approach with immunotherapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Lee, Y. R. (2023) · Journal of Liver Cancer · doi:10.17998/jlc.2023.09.04 · Cited by 17
“the combination of tremelimumab with durvalumab in comparison to sorafenib.(46) A single dose of 300 mg of tremelimum-”
Current Therapeutic Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Japan
Kudo, M. (2023) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000534304 · Cited by 17
Self-citationIavarone, M. A., Alimenti, E., Tada, T., Shimose, S., Suda, G., Yoo, C., Soldà, C., Piscaglia, F., Tosetti, G., Marra, F., et al. (2023) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000534127 · Cited by 17
“Systemic treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) includes different drugs as fi rst-line options, such as sorafenib, lenvatinib, atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab, durvalumab combined with trem-elimumab, according to chronological order of approval [1 – 4].”
BackgroundGigante, E., Bouattour, M., Bedoya, J. U., Regnault, H., Ziol, M., Assénat, E., Paradis, V., Caldéraro, J., Ganne‐Carrié, N., Bouhier‐Leporrier, K., et al. (2023) · United European Gastroenterology Journal · doi:10.1002/ueg2.12503 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Abou-Alfa, G. K., Lau, G., Kudo, M., Chan, S. L., Kelley, R. K., Furuse, J., Sukeepaisarnjaroen, W., Kang, Y.-K., Van Dao, T., De Toni, E. N., Rimassa, L., Breder, V., Vasilyev, A., Heurgué, A., Tam, V. C., Mody, K., Thungappa, S. C., Ostapenko, Y., Yau, T., Azevedo, S., Varela, M., Cheng, A.-L., Qin, S., Galle, P. R., Ali, S., Marcovitz, M., Makowsky, M., He, P., Kurland, J. F., Negro, A., & Sangro, B.
- Affiliations
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
- Humanity & Health (CN)
- Kindai University Hospital (JP)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Kyorin University (JP)
- Khon Kaen University (TH)
- Asan Medical Center (KR)
- Cancer Research and Clinical Trials Center, Department of Optimal Therapy, National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Humanitas University (IT)
- Russian Cancer Research Center NN Blokhin (RU)
- Department of Oncology, Railway Clinical Hospital, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Robert-Debré Hospital, Reims, France
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Sri Venkateshwara Hospital, Bangalore, India
- National Cancer Institute (UA)
- Queen Mary Hospital (CN)
- Unidade de Pesquisa em Oncologia Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias–Obra Social Cajastur, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Fundación para la Investigación y la Innovación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturia, Oviedo, Spain
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- 81th Hospital of PLA (CN)
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- AstraZeneca (United States) (US)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (ES)
- ORCID
- Lau, George
- Kudo, Masatoshi
- Chan, Stephen L.
- Kelley, Robin Kate
- Furuse, Junji
- Sukeepaisarnjaroen, Wattana
- Kang, Yoon-Koo
- Rimassa, Lorenza
- Breder, Valeriy
- Heurgué, Alexandra
- Tam, Vincent C.
- Mody, Kabir
- Yau, Thomas
- Cheng, Ann-Lii
- Qin, Shukui
- Galle, Peter R.
- Marcovitz, Michelle
- He, Philip
- Kurland, John F.
- Negro, Alejandra
- Sangro, Bruno
- Venue
- NEJM Evidence
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2022-07-26
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- EVIDoa2100070-EVIDoa2100070
- ISSN
- 2766-5526 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4281645619
- Cited by
- 1,576
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 356 · 2025: 450 · 2024: 421 · 2023: 284 · 2022: 63
- FWCI
- 181.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- NEJM Evidence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Keywords
- tremelimumab, durvalumab, hepatocellular carcinoma, unresectable liver cancer, CTLA-4 blockade, PD-L1 blockade, sorafenib, overall survival, non-inferiority, immune checkpoint inhibitors, combination immunotherapy, progression-free survival, treatment-emergent adverse events, immune-related adverse events, non-small cell lung cancer
- MeSH terms
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, Sorafenib, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Female, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Humans, Liver Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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