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Tremelimumab plus Durvalumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: A single, high priming dose of tremelimumab (anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4) plus durvalumab (anti–programmed cell death ligand-1), an infusion regimen termed STRIDE (Single Tremelimumab Regular Interval Durvalumab), showed encouraging clinical activity and safety in a phase 2 trial of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: In this global, open-label, phase 3 trial, the majority of the patients we enrolled with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and no previous systemic treatment were randomly assigned to receive one of three regimens: tremelimumab (300 mg, one dose) plus durvalumab (1500 mg every 4 weeks; STRIDE), durvalumab (1500 mg every 4 weeks), or sorafenib (400 mg twice daily). The primary objective was overall survival for STRIDE versus sorafenib. Noninferiority for overall survival for durvalumab versus sorafenib was a secondary objective. RESULTS: In total, 1171 patients were randomly assigned to STRIDE (n=393), durvalumab (n=389), or sorafenib (n=389). The median overall survival was 16.43 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.16 to 19.58) with STRIDE, 16.56 months (95% CI, 14.06 to 19.12) with durvalumab, and 13.77 months (95% CI, 12.25 to 16.13) with sorafenib. Overall survival at 36 months was 30.7%, 24.7%, and 20.2%, respectively. The overall survival hazard ratio for STRIDE versus sorafenib was 0.78 (96.02% CI, 0.65 to 0.93; P=0.0035). Overall survival with durvalumab monotherapy was noninferior to sorafenib (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95.67% CI, 0.73 to 1.03; noninferiority margin, 1.08). Median progression-free survival was not significantly different among all three groups. Grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events occurred for 50.5% of patients with STRIDE, 37.1% with durvalumab, and 52.4% with sorafenib. CONCLUSIONS: STRIDE significantly improved overall survival versus sorafenib. Durvalumab monotherapy was noninferior to sorafenib for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. (Funded by AstraZeneca; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03298451.)
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“The response rate was 20% with durvalumab plus tremelimumab and 30% with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, with median duration of response ranging from 18 months to 22 months.”
From Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus lenvatinib or sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 9DW): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
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“PD-L1 inhibitor-based regimens received approvals in 2020 (atezolizumab plus bevacizumab) and 2022 (tremelimumab plus durvalumab) as first-line treatment options for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma after showing improved outcomes over sorafenib, with median overall survival ranging from 16 months to 19 months.”
From Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus lenvatinib or sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 9DW): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
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“With the introduction of PD-L1 inhibitors in this setting, survival benefits versus sorafenib were improved with a median overall survival of 19•2 months with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, 9,10 16•6 months with durvalumab monotherapy, and 16•4 months with tremelimumab plus durvalumab, 7,8 leading to regulatory”
From Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus lenvatinib or sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 9DW): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
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“At the RP2D, the safety profile was consistent with the known safety profile of durvalumab in combination with tremelimumab in adult patients (13, 14), and no new safety signals were identified in our pediatric population.”
From Phase I/II, open-label, multicenter study of durvalumab in combination with tremelimumab in pediatric patients with advanced solid tumors (2026) · cites this paper as [14]
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“durvalumab plus tremelimumab has demonstrated improved OS compared with sorafenib alone in adults with unresectable hepatocellular cancer (14).”
From Phase I/II, open-label, multicenter study of durvalumab in combination with tremelimumab in pediatric patients with advanced solid tumors (2026) · cites this paper as [14]
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“In HIMALAYA, durvalumab plus tremelimumab yielded an objective response rate of 20% and median duration of response of 22•3 months.7”
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“up to 20% of OBIs may be negative for both HBsAg and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) with existing assays [67, 68]”
From Etiology-Based Treatment for Unresectable/Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Focus on Viral Hepatitis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (2025) · cites this paper as [68]
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InfluentialSelf-citationNOTCH1 Drives Sexually Dimorphic Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Self-citationCTLA-4—two pathways to anti-tumour immunity?
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BackgroundInfluentialDownstaging with atezolizumab-bevacizumab: a case series
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BackgroundAlcohol and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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InfluentialSelf-citationImmunotherapy in GI Cancers: Lessons from Key Trials and Future Clinical Applications
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InfluentialThe effect of liver disease on hepatic microenvironment and implications for immune therapy
Brown, Z. J., Ruff, S. M., & Pawlik, T. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1225821 · Cited by 18
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InfluentialSelf-citationNew Scenarios in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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InfluentialTreatment for hepatocellular carcinoma after immunotherapy
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“According to the subgroup analysis, there was no difference in benefit for the combination of two ICIs compared with sorafenib, regardless of whether PD-L1 expression was positive or negative [15].”
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“Nevertheless, approximately 20-40% of patients experience primary resistance to these regimens [4 – 6], underscoring the need to identify patients most likely to bene fi t from ICIs.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHepatocellular carcinoma-the role of the underlying liver disease in clinical practice
de Mattos, Â. Z., Bombassaro, I., Vogel, A., & Debes, J. D. (2024) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v30.i19.2488 · Cited by 15
“…to ipilimumab, tremelimumab has also been studied as an anti-CTLA-4 antibody in HCC. Based on promising phase II data, the combination of durvalumab and tremelimumab (STRIDE) as well as a durvalumab monotherapy was compared with SOR as first-line therapy for advanced HCC in the HIMALAYA trial[56].”
Collagen in hepatocellular carcinoma: A novel biomarker and therapeutic target
Ding, D., Jiang, S.-Y., Zu, Y.-X., Yang, Y., Gan, X., Yuan, S., & Zhou, W. (2024) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000489 · Cited by 14
Tumor-Homing Antibody-Cytokine Fusions for Cancer Therapy
Prodi, E., Neri, D., & Luca, R. D. (2024) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s480787 · Cited by 14
“184,185 184–189 For example, the combination of targeted-IL12 with an anti-PD1 antibody induced a complete response in all treated mice in a tumor model that usually does not respond to anti-PD1 treatment.”
Backgroundde Castro, T., Welland, S., Jochheim, L. S., Leyh, C., Shmanko, K., Finkelmeier, F., Jeliazkova, P., Jefremow, A., Gonzalez-Carmona, M. A., Kandulski, A., et al. (2024) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000562 · Cited by 15
“[13,28,29] LEN is nowadays primarily considered for patients who are ineligible for ICI therapy or for use in subsequent lines of treatment.”
BackgroundMalone, C. D., Bajaj, S., He, A., Mody, K., Hickey, R., Sarwar, A., Krishnan, S., Patel, T. C., & Toskich, B. B. (2024) · Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2024.11.012 · Cited by 15
Self-citationComplete Response to Immunotherapy in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Serotonin receptor 5-HT 2A as a potential target for HCC immunotherapy
Tay, R. E., Ho, C. M., Ang, N. D. Z., Tay, H. C., Lopez, D. Z., Na, Q. R., Tan, Y. W., Koh, S. M., Tan, K. P., Lee, W., et al. (2025) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2024-011088 · Cited by 15
Highlighting novel targets in immunotherapy for liver cancer
Ruff, S. M., Shannon, A. H., Beane, J. D., & Pawlik, T. M. (2022) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1080/17474124.2022.2150841 · Cited by 14
“In the recently published HIMALAYA phase 3 trial, the combination of tremelimumab and durvalumab was associated with improved overall survival compared with durvalumab monotherapy or sorafenib as firstline therapy for advanced HCC [16].”
BackgroundKudo, M. (2023) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000533493 · Cited by 14
“Systemic therapies were initially developed for advanced HCC. Today, sorafenib [1], lenvatinib (LEN) [2], atezolizumab plus bevacizumab [3], durvalumab plus tremelimumab [4], and durvalumab alone [4] are approved as fi rst-line agents.”
BackgroundSelf-citationVargas‐Accarino, E., Higuera, M., Bermúdez-Ramos, M., Soriano-Varela, A., Torrens, M., Pons, M., Aransay, A. M., Martín, J., Rodríguez‐Frias, F., Merino, X., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26062794 · Cited by 13
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Immunotherapy and Liver Transplantation
Tabrizian, P., Yu, A. T., Debnath, N., Myers, B., & Marron, T. U. (2023) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.suc.2023.07.009 · Cited by 13
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Agirrezabal, I., Bouattour, M., Pinato, D. J., D’Alessio, A., Brennan, V. K., Carion, P. L., Shergill, S., Amoury, N., & Vilgrain, V. (2023) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113427 · Cited by 13
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“41 The HIMALAYA study 42 suggested that HBV-related HCC patients responded better to immune checkpoint inhibitors.”
BackgroundNew Insights on Liver-Directed Therapies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Dalzell, C. G., Taylor, A. C., & White, S. B. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15245749 · Cited by 14
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“In the global open-label phase III HIMALAYA study, a single high dose of the CTLA-4 antibody Tremelimumab in combination with the PD-L1 antibody Durvalumab yielded an ORR of 20.1% [24,25].”
BackgroundInfluentialSystemic Treatment in Intermediate Stage (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer-B) Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Karagiannakis, D. S. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16010051 · Cited by 13
Li, D., Loriot, Y., Burgoyne, A. M., Cleary, J. M., Santoro, A., Lin, D., Ponce-Aix, S., Garrido‐Laguna, I., Sudhagoni, R. G., Guo, X., et al. (2023) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102376 · Cited by 13
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“Patients who are not candidates for atezolizumab plus bevacizumab may receive tremelimumab plus durvalumab (STRIDE regimen) [29] or fi rst-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as sorafenib [30, 31] and lenvatinib [8].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationMonge, C., Xie, C., Myojin, Y., Coffman, K., Hrones, D. M., Brar, G. S., Wang, S., Budhu, A., Figg, W. D., Cam, M., et al. (2024) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.6912 · Cited by 12
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Dawood, Z. S., Brown, Z. J., Alaimo, L., Lima, H. A., Shaikh, C. F., Katayama, E., Munir, M. M., Moazzam, Z., Endo, Y., Woldesenbet, S., et al. (2024) · HPB · doi:10.1016/j.hpb.2024.02.003 · Cited by 13
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Leung, J. H., Wang, S.-Y., Leung, H. W. C., & Chan, A. L. F. (2024) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1344798 · Cited by 15
Thornton, L. M., Abi‐Jaoudeh, N., Lim, H. J., Malagari, K. S., Spieler, B. O., Kudo, M., Finn, R. S., Lencioni, R. A., White, S. B., Kokabi, N., et al. (2024) · Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2024.02.017 · Cited by 13
Self-citationWerner, W., Kuzminskaya, M., Lurje, I., Tacke, F., & Hammerich, L. (2024) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/a-2334-8311 · Cited by 14
Bajestani, N., Wu, G., Hussein, A. E., & Makary, M. S. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12071432 · Cited by 13
Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Stefano, N. D., Patrono, D., Colli, F., Rizza, G., Paraluppi, G., & Romagnoli, R. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16132374 · Cited by 13
“The recent landmark Himalaya trial investigated the combination of Tremelimumab and Durvalumab for unresectable HCC, showing increased OS at 36 months than Durvalumab alone or Sorafenib (30.7%, 24.7%, and 20.2%, respectively) [16].”
InfluentialWen, F., Huang, P., Wu, Q., Yang, Y., Zhou, K., Zhang, M., & Li, Q. (2024) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.70094 · Cited by 14
da Fonseca, L. G., de Melo, M. A. Z., da Silveira, T. H. M., Yamamoto, V. J., Hashizume, P. H. S., & Sabbaga, J. (2024) · ecancermedicalscience · doi:10.3332/ecancer.2024.1748 · Cited by 13
Biomarkers for Immunotherapy Efficacy in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review
Taherifard, E., Tran, K., Saeed, A., Yasin, J. A., & Saeed, A. (2024) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics14182054 · Cited by 17
“A considerable portion of this patient population does not respond effectively to current therapies, a challenge evident in clinical trials such as IMbrave150 and HIMALAYA [14,15].”
BackgroundShao, Y., & Akhmetzhanov, A. R. (2024) · Liver Cancer · doi:10.1159/000542576 · Cited by 15
“Combinatorial immunotherapy regimens, on the other hand, have shown greater OS bene fi ts than MKIs by comprising single-agent ICIs with targeted therapy and the dual ICIs [10, 11] and are now considered the standard of care for advanced HCC [4, 12, 13].”
InfluentialGarcia, K. B., Hussein, A., Satish, S., Wehrle, C. J., Karakaya, O. F., Panconesi, R., Sun, K., Jiao, C., Fernandes, E., Pinna, A. D., et al. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16233959 · Cited by 13
Management of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review and Practical Guide
Nagalapuram, V., Popuri, N., Nipp, R. D., Ulahannan, S. V., & Lau‐Min, K. S. (2025) · JCO Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/op-24-00872 · Cited by 14
Odagiri, N., Tamori, A., Kotani, K., Motoyama, H., Kawamura, E., Hagihara, A., Fujii, H., Uchida‐Kobayashi, S., Enomoto, M., & Kawada, N. (2023) · Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s12328-023-01761-6 · Cited by 13
“More recently, tremelimumab and durvalumab showed superiority to sorafenib in the HIMALAYA trial, adding another drug to the first-line treatment option [4].”
BackgroundSystemic therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Ahn, J. C., Tran, N. H., & Yang, J. D. (2023) · Clinical and Molecular Hepatology · doi:10.3350/cmh.2023.0051 · Cited by 14
“8 months).(20) Based on the results of the HIMALAYA trial, durvalumab-tremelimumab combination recently obtained US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval as a firstline treatment for advanced HCC.”
BackgroundInfluentialManagement of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Decompensated Cirrhotic Patients: A Comprehensive Overview
Tampaki, M., Papatheodoridis, G., & Cholongitas, Ε. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15041310 · Cited by 13
Noninvasive prediction of the clinical benefit of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Ono, A., Hayes, C. N., Miura, R., Kawaoka, T., Tsuge, M., & Oka, S. (2025) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-025-02251-x · Cited by 12
Trial design and end points in hepatocellular carcinoma: an EASL–AASLD–ILCA consensus statement
Llovet, J. M., Mauro, E., Rimassa, L., Mazzaferro, V., Pinter, M., Kelley, R. K., Chan, S. L., Kulik, L., Pillai, A. A., Roberts, L. R., et al. (2026) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01160-z · Cited by 13
“115), tremelimumab–durvalumab in HIMALAYA 116 and nivolumab– ipilimumab in CheckMate 9DW 117 have established ICI-based regimens as preferred first-line options, with median OS durations of 16–24 months, whereas sorafenib and lenvatinib 118,119 remain essential for those with contraindications to…”
Self-citationPan, Y., Zhu, X., Liu, J., Zhong, J., Zhang, W., Shen, S., Jin, R., Liu, H., Ye, F., Hu, K., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1138355 · Cited by 12
“0 months compared with sorafenib, in patients with uHCC (26).”
BackgroundBalducci, D., Montori, M., BLASIO, F. D., Bucchianico, A. D., Argenziano, M. E., Svegliati‐Baroni, G., & Scarpellini, E. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59061150 · Cited by 12
Combination treatment of HCC with SBRT and immune checkpoint inhibition
Podesta, C., Kayani, M., Goody, R. B., & Samson, A. (2023) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104191 · Cited by 13
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Immunotherapy and Radiation Therapy Combinatorial Approaches in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Tojjari, A., Yu, J. B., & Saeed, A. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16051058 · Cited by 12
“Notably, two recent pivotal studies, IMBRAVE150 (NCT03434379) and HIMALAYA (NCT03298451), have demonstrated promising clinical benefits associated with the combination approach involving ICIs [12,13,17].”
BackgroundOhama, H., Hiraoka, A., Tada, T., Hirooka, M., Kariyama, K., Hatanaka, T., Tani, J., Takaguchi, K., Atsukawa, M., Itobayashi, E., et al. (2024) · Cancer Reports · doi:10.1002/cnr2.2042 · Cited by 12
“46,47 The items in the IMABALI-De scoring system, that is, tumor burden, malignant potential, and hepatic reserve function, provide a versatile system that may also be prognostically useful in Dur/Tre treatment cases.”
Exploring the Role of GITR/GITRL Signaling: From Liver Disease to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Papadakos, S. P., Chatzikalil, E., Vakadaris, G., Reppas, L., Arvanitakis, K., Koufakis, T., Siakavellas, S. I., Manolakopoulos, S., Germanidis, G. S., & Theocharis, S. E. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16142609 · Cited by 12
Liver resection and transplantation in the era of checkpoint inhibitors
Tabrizian, P., Marino, R., & Chow, P. K. H. (2024) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101181 · Cited by 15
“11,13 While there has been limited experience in combining ate-zolizumab and bevacizumab in the transplant setting, 98,103 the effects of double immunomodulation by blocking both the CTLA-4 inhibitory co-receptor and PD-L1 could be detrimental and are yet to be explored.”
Liao, W., Xu, H., Hutton, D. W., Wu, Q., Yang, Y., Feng, M., Lei, W., Bai, L., Li, J., & Li, Q. (2024) · Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology · doi:10.1177/17588359241274625 · Cited by 12
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Abou-Alfa, G. K., Lau, G., Kudo, M., Chan, S. L., Kelley, R. K., Furuse, J., Sukeepaisarnjaroen, W., Kang, Y.-K., Van Dao, T., De Toni, E. N., Rimassa, L., Breder, V., Vasilyev, A., Heurgué, A., Tam, V. C., Mody, K., Thungappa, S. C., Ostapenko, Y., Yau, T., Azevedo, S., Varela, M., Cheng, A.-L., Qin, S., Galle, P. R., Ali, S., Marcovitz, M., Makowsky, M., He, P., Kurland, J. F., Negro, A., & Sangro, B.
- Affiliations
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
- Humanity & Health (CN)
- Kindai University Hospital (JP)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Kyorin University (JP)
- Khon Kaen University (TH)
- Asan Medical Center (KR)
- Cancer Research and Clinical Trials Center, Department of Optimal Therapy, National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Humanitas University (IT)
- Russian Cancer Research Center NN Blokhin (RU)
- Department of Oncology, Railway Clinical Hospital, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Robert-Debré Hospital, Reims, France
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Sri Venkateshwara Hospital, Bangalore, India
- National Cancer Institute (UA)
- Queen Mary Hospital (CN)
- Unidade de Pesquisa em Oncologia Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias–Obra Social Cajastur, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Fundación para la Investigación y la Innovación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturia, Oviedo, Spain
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- 81th Hospital of PLA (CN)
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- AstraZeneca (United States) (US)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (ES)
- ORCID
- Lau, George
- Kudo, Masatoshi
- Chan, Stephen L.
- Kelley, Robin Kate
- Furuse, Junji
- Sukeepaisarnjaroen, Wattana
- Kang, Yoon-Koo
- Rimassa, Lorenza
- Breder, Valeriy
- Heurgué, Alexandra
- Tam, Vincent C.
- Mody, Kabir
- Yau, Thomas
- Cheng, Ann-Lii
- Qin, Shukui
- Galle, Peter R.
- Marcovitz, Michelle
- He, Philip
- Kurland, John F.
- Negro, Alejandra
- Sangro, Bruno
- Venue
- NEJM Evidence
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2022-07-26
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- EVIDoa2100070-EVIDoa2100070
- ISSN
- 2766-5526 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4281645619
- Cited by
- 1,576
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 356 · 2025: 450 · 2024: 421 · 2023: 284 · 2022: 63
- FWCI
- 181.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- NEJM Evidence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Keywords
- tremelimumab, durvalumab, hepatocellular carcinoma, unresectable liver cancer, CTLA-4 blockade, PD-L1 blockade, sorafenib, overall survival, non-inferiority, immune checkpoint inhibitors, combination immunotherapy, progression-free survival, treatment-emergent adverse events, immune-related adverse events, non-small cell lung cancer
- MeSH terms
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, Sorafenib, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Female, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Humans, Liver Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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