Cigarette Smoking and Urinary Estrogens
Abstract
IT is known that women who smoke have an earlier menopause than those who do not.1 , 2 Noting recent data suggesting that breast cancer might be somewhat less frequent in smokers than in non-smokers,3 4 5 we thought it would be worthwhile to compare the estrogen profiles of smokers and nonsmokers. A difference might shed light on the mechanisms whereby smoking is associated with early menopause and with a reduction in the risk of breast cancer. Smoking histories were obtained from women for whom urinary estrogen concentrations had been determined previously. As compared with nonsmokers and exsmokers, smokers had substantially and significantly lower . . .
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MacMahon et al. reported that normally cycling women who smoke have lower urinary estrogens in the luteal phase than nonsmokers.
“MacMahon et al. (3) have reported that in nor- mally cycling women who smoke, urinary estrogens in the luteal phase of the cycle are lower than in nonsmokers.”
From Nicotine, cotinine, and anabasine inhibit aromatase in human trophoblast in vitro. (1986) · cites this paper as [3]
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Michnovicz, J. J., Hershcopf, R. J., Naganuma, H., Bradlow, H. L., & Fishman, J. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198611203152101 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
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Augood, C., Duckitt, K., & Templeton, A. A. (1998) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/13.6.1532 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
The Relation of Endometriosis to Menstrual Characteristics, Smoking, and Exercise
Cramer, D. W. (1986) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1986.03370140102032 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Nicotine, cotinine, and anabasine inhibit aromatase in human trophoblast in vitro.
Barbieri, R. L., Gochberg, J., & Ryan, K. J. (1986) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci112494 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Smoking and bone metabolism in elderly women
Rapuri, P. B., Gallagher, J. C., Balhorn, K. E., & Ryschon, K. L. (2000) · Bone · doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(00)00341-0 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Cassidenti, D. L., Vijod, A. G., Vijod, M. A., Stanczyk, F. Z., & Lobo, R. A. (1990) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)90780-b · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Meek, M. D., & Finch, G. L. (1999) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1006/enrs.1998.3872 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Istvan, J. A., Buist, A. S., Hess, D. L., & Voelker, H. (1995) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(95)90294-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- MacMahon, B., Trichopoulos, D., Cole, P., & Brown, J.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1982-10-21
- Volume
- 307
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 1062-1065
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2054232435
- Cited by
- 404
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 7.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, urinary estrogens, estrogen metabolism, early menopause, breast cancer risk, smoking history, former smokers, women
- MeSH terms
- Breast Neoplasms, Estradiol, Estriol, Estrogens, Estrone, Female, Humans, Menopause, Menstruation, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, Risk, Smoking
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