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Chronological Trend in Blood Lead Levels between 1976 and 1980
Abstract
Analysis of a chronological trend in data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey indicated that average blood lead levels in the United States dropped approximately 37 per cent (5.4 micrograms per deciliter) from February 1976 through February 1980. There was no evidence that this trend was due to errors in laboratory measurement or to the design of the survey. The trend was present even after accounting for differences in race, sex, age, region of the country, season, income, and degree of urbanization. Changes in exposure to lead in paint or in the diet are unlikely explanations of the trend. However, the correlation of blood lead levels with the lead level in gasoline was highly significant (P less than 0.001) overall and in population subgroups defined by race, sex, and age. Although strong correlation does not prove cause and effect, the most likely explanation for the fall in blood lead levels is a reduction in the lead content of gasoline during this period.
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Cited by
The Lancet Commission on pollution and health
Landrigan, P. J., Fuller, R., Acosta, N. J. R., Adeyi, O., Arnold, R., Basu, N. (., Baldé, A. B., Bertollini, R., Bose-O'Reilly, S., Boufford, J. I., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32345-0 · Cited by 4,929
Epidemiologic studies utilizing surveys: accounting for the sampling design.
Korn, E. L., & Graubard, B. I. (1991) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.81.9.1166 · Cited by 490
Hu, H., Shih, R., Rothenberg, S., & Schwartz, B. S. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9783 · Cited by 306
Muntner, P., Menke, A., DeSalvo, K. B., Rabito, F. A., & Batuman, V. (2005) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.165.18.2155 · Cited by 287
Asthma and oxidant stress: nutritional, environmental, and genetic risk factors.
Greene, L. S. (1995) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.1995.10718516 · Cited by 93
Metadata
- Authors
- Annest, J. L., Pirkle, J. L., Makuc, D., Neese, J. W., Bayse, D. D., & Kovar, M. G.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1983-06-09
- Volume
- 308
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 1373-1377
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W1999929379
- Cited by
- 346
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 21.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- The paper
- Annest, J. L., Pirkle, J. L., Makuc, D., Neese, J. W., Bayse, D. D., & Kovar, M. G. (1983). Chronological Trend in Blood Lead Levels between 1976 and 1980. New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198306093082301
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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