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Interstitial Lung Diseases of Unknown Cause: Disorders Characterized by Chronic Inflammation of the Lower Respiratory Tract (Second of Two Parts)
Abstract
SarcoidosisSarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown cause characterized by enhanced cellular immune processes at sites of involvement.36,53,59,152 Almost all organs can be affected by the disease, but the lower respiratory tract is the site most commonly associated with morbidity and mortality.152 At least 90 per cent of patients with sarcoidosis have pulmonary manifestations; 20 to 25 per cent of these patients have a permanent loss of lung function, and 5 to 10 per cent die from complications of the disease.153,154 Sarcoidosis is found throughout the world.152 153 154 155 In the industrialized nations, the prevalence varies by sex, geographic location, . . .
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Citations
Cited by
Adams, J. S., & Gacad, M. A. (1985) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.161.4.755 · Cited by 323
Bleomycin induces cellular senescence in alveolar epithelial cells
Aoshiba, K., Tsuji, T., & Nagai, A. (2003) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.03.00011903 · Cited by 197
Glutathione deficiency of the lower respiratory tract in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Beeh, K. M., Beier, J., Haas, I. C., Kornmann, O., Micke, P., & Buhl, R. (2002) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.02.00262402 · Cited by 132
Factors Limiting Exercise Tolerance in Chronic Lung Diseases
Vogiatzis, I., & Zakynthinos, S. (2012) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c110015 · Cited by 77
Fujita, J., Dobashi, N., Ohtsuki, Y., Yamadori, I., Yoshinouchi, T., Kamei, T., Tokuda, M., Hojo, S., Okada, H., & Takahara, J. (1999) · Lung · doi:10.1007/pl00007649 · Cited by 45
Metadata
- Authors
- Crystal, R. G., Bitterman, P. B., Rennard, S. I., Hance, A. J., & Keogh, B. A.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1984-01-26
- Volume
- 310
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 235-244
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2076811845
- Cited by
- 463
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 30.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Interstitial Lung Diseases of Unknown Cause: Disorders Characterized by Chronic Inflammation of the Lower Respiratory Tract (Second of Two Parts). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1056/nejm198401263100406
- The paper
- Crystal, R. G., Bitterman, P. B., Rennard, S. I., Hance, A. J., & Keogh, B. A. (1984). Interstitial Lung Diseases of Unknown Cause: Disorders Characterized by Chronic Inflammation of the Lower Respiratory Tract (Second of Two Parts). New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198401263100406
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
