CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 534Cancer Risks and FactorsNutritional Studies and DietCancer, Lipids, and Metabolism

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Dietary fat and the risk of breast cancer.

Willett, Walter C., Stampfer, Meir J., Colditz, Graham A., Rosner, Bernard A., Hennekens, Charles H., Speizer, Frank E.·1987·New England Journal of Medicine
DOI 10.1056/nejm198701013160105
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Dietary fat has been suggested as a risk factor for breast cancer in women, but the available data on humans are sparse and inconsistent. In 1980, 89,538 U.S. registered nurses who were 34 to 59 years of age and had no history of cancer completed a previously validated dietary questionnaire designed to measure individual consumption of total fat, saturated fat, linoleic acid, and cholesterol, as well as other nutrients. In a subsample of 173 participants studied in detail, those in the highest quintile of fat intake consumed a mean of 44 percent of calories from fat, as compared with 32 percent for those in the lowest quintile. During four years of follow-up, 601 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed among the 89,538 nurses in the study. After adjustment for known determinants in multivariate analyses, the relative risk of breast cancer among women in the highest quintile of calorie-adjusted total fat intake, as compared with women in the lowest quintile, was 0.82 (95 percent confidence limits, 0.64 and 1.05). The corresponding relative risks were 0.84 (confidence limits, 0.66 and 1.08) for saturated fat, 0.88 (0.69 and 1.12) for linoleic acid, and 0.91 (0.70 and 1.18) for cholesterol intake. Similar results were found for both postmenopausal and premenopausal women. These data are based on a limited period of follow-up and do not exclude a possible influence of fat intake before adulthood or at levels lower than 30 percent of calories. They suggest, however, that a moderate reduction in fat intake by adult women is unlikely to result in a substantial reduction in the incidence of breast cancer.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1056/nejm198701013160105

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Citations

Cites

Show all 30 references

Research works printed but not linked: 12

  1. Waterhouse J, Muir C, Correa P, et al., eds. Cancer incidence in five continents. Vol. 3. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1976.
  2. Staszewski, 1965, JNCI, 35, 291
  3. Hopkins, 1979, JNCI, 62, 1009
  4. Committee on Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer; National Research Council. Diet, nutrition, and cancer. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1982.
  5. Hirohata, 1985, NCI Monogr, 69, 187
  6. Phillips, 1975, Cancer Res, 35, 3513
  7. Phillips, 1983, Cancer Res, 43, 2403s
  8. Willett, 1986, Am J Epidemiol, 124, 540, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114366 · DOI · Paper page
  9. de Waard, 1975, Cancer Res, 35, 3351
  10. Hopkins, 1981, JNCI, 66, 517
  11. Kamiyama S, Michioka O. Mutagenic components of diets in high and low-risk areas for stomach cancer. In: Stich HF, ed. Carcinogenes and mutagens in the environment. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, 1983:29–42.
  12. Knox, 1977, Br J Prev Soc Med, 31, 71

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 534

Related

Metadata

Authors
Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Rosner, B. A., Hennekens, C. H., & Speizer, F. E.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
ORCID
Venue
New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher
Massachusetts Medical Society
Published
1987-01
Volume
316
Issue
1
Pages
22-28
ISSN
  • 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
  • 1533-4406
DOI
10.1056/nejm198701013160105
OpenAlex
W2327425968
Cited by
534
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
FWCI
26.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (CA 26560, CA 23645, CA-16686)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Keywords
dietary fat, breast cancer, saturated fat, linoleic acid, dietary cholesterol, breast cancer risk, postmenopausal women, premenopausal women, registered nurses, dietary questionnaire
MeSH terms
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Breast Neoplasms, Cholesterol, Dietary, Dietary Fats, Feeding Behavior, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Linoleic Acids, Middle Aged, Nurses, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk, Linoleic Acid

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review