The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Use of Smokeless Tobacco in Major-League Baseball
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“elite/professional athletes report considerably lower smoking prevalence (0.8–15%) than controls (17–28%) and the general population worldwide (~25%) [1, 13, 41, 56, 60]”
From Nicotine: Sporting Friend or Foe? A Review of Athlete Use, Performance Consequences and Other Considerations (2017) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Reports of up to a third of collegiate baseball and football players using ST have surfaced [12, 44], and this was substantiated by 34% of major league baseball players being current users [13].”
From Nicotine: Sporting Friend or Foe? A Review of Athlete Use, Performance Consequences and Other Considerations (2017) · cites this paper as [13]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 19
- 10.1056/NEJM198604173141605 · DOI
- United States Tobacco Company. Baseball and chewing tobacco's a tradition that lives on. Greenwich, Conn.: UST Review, 1985; 1:4–5.
- Moore, 1987, Atlanta Constitution, 3E
- Creamer RW. Babe: the legend comes to life. New York: Penguin, 1983:1–425.
- 10.1001/jama.255.8.1045 · DOI
- 10.1016/S0140-6736(82)91585-9 · DOI
- 10.1021/jf00066a039 · DOI
- 10.1038/clpt.1981.149 · DOI
- 10.1038/clpt.1987.17 · DOI
- 10.2105/AJPH.76.2.207 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1987.tb00537.x · DOI
- Kiser, 1986, J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 26, 384
- Edwards, 1987, Phys Sports Med, 15, 141, 10.1080/00913847.1987.11702037 · DOI
- 10.1037/0022-006X.51.3.390 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.000411 · DOI
- Jones, 1987, N Engl J Med, 316, 952
- 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-111 · DOI
- 10.1016/0306-4603(83)90020-5 · DOI
- Holt, 1987, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 62
Cited by
Mündel, T. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0764-5 · Cited by 71
Metadata
- Authors
- Connolly, G. N., Orleans, C. T., & Kogan, M.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1988-05-12
- Volume
- 318
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 1281-1285
- ISSN
- 0028-4793
- 1533-4406
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
