Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change.
Open accessAbstract
An integrative model of change was applied to the study of 872 Ss (mean age 40 yrs) who were changing their smoking habits on their own. Ss represented the following 5 stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance, and relapse. 10 processes of change were expected to receive differential emphases during particular stages of change. Results indicate that Ss (a) used the fewest processes of change during precontemplation; (b) emphasized consciousness raising during the contemplation stage; (c) emphasized self-reevaluation in both contemplation and action stages; (d) emphasized self-liberation, a helping relationship, and reinforcement management during the action stage; and (e) used counterconditioning and stimulus control the most in both action and maintenance stages. Relapsers responded as a combination of contemplaters and people in action would. Results are discussed in terms of developing a model of self-change of smoking and enhancing a more integrative general model of change. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1983 American Psychological Association.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The study focused on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a better-matched model of behavior change within the current context, rather than the Transtheoretical Model.
“We thus focused on the TPB as a better-matched model of behavior change within the current context.”
From A Randomized Trial of Brief Online Interventions to Facilitate Treatment Seeking for Social Anxiety. (2022) · cites this paper as Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983
The suite of messages was tailored to recognize the iterative phases typical in behavior change: contemplation, action, and maintenance.
“The suite of messages was tailored to recognize the iterative phases that are typical, but not universal, in the process of behavior change: contemplation (prep for quit date), action (quit day), and maintenance (relapse support) [39].”
From Assessing the Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Translation of a Text-Based Mobile Smoking Cessation Program in Samoa (TXTTaofiTapaa): Pilot Study (2018) · cites this paper as [39]
Cites
Transtheoretical therapy: Toward a more integrative model of change.
Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1982) · Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice · doi:10.1037/h0088437 · Cited by 3,922 · see citing works
Self-citationSystems of psychotherapy a transtheoretical analysis
Prochaska, J. O., & Norcross, J. C. (2010) · Cited by 1,497 · see citing works
Self-citationStages of change in psychotherapy: Measurement and sample profiles.
McConnaughy, E. A., Prochaska, J. O., & Velicer, W. F. (1983) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/h0090198 · Cited by 1,202 · see citing works
Self-citationDiClemente, C. C., & Prochaska, J. O. (1982) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(82)90038-7 · Cited by 764 · see citing works
Self-citationThe bogus pipeline: A new paradigm for measuring affect and attitude.
JONES, E. E., & Sigall, H. (1971) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0031617 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Behavioral bibliotherapy: a review of self-help behavior therapy manuals
Glasgow, R. E., & Rosen, G. M. (1978) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.85.1.1 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Accuracy of information on smoking habits provided on self-administered research questionnaires.
Petitti, D. B., FRIEDMAN, G. D., & Kahn, W. (1981) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.71.3.308 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-help books and amount of therapist contact in smoking cessation programs.
Glasgow, R. E., Schafer, L. C., & O’Neill, H. K. (1981) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.49.5.659 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Behavioral self-control and smoking reduction: A study of self-initiated attempts to reduce smoking
Perri, M. G., Richards, C. S., & Schultheis, K. (1977) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(77)80070-1 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
A psychological and behavioural comparison of ex-smokers and smokers
Pederson, L. L., & Lefcoe, N. M. (1976) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(76)90083-7 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-directed termination of excessive cigarette use among untreated smokers
Baer, P. E., Foreyt, J. P., & Wright, S. W. (1977) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(77)90108-2 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
‘Small Changes' to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors for Weight Management
Hills, A. P., Byrne, N. M., Lindstrom, R. C., & Hill, J. O. (2013) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000345030 · Cited by 9,526 · see citing works
In search of how people change: Applications to addictive behaviors.
Prochaska, J. O., DiClemente, C. C., & Norcross, J. C. (1992) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.47.9.1102 · Cited by 8,596 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change.
Prochaska, J. O., & Velicer, W. F. (1997) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-12.1.38 · Cited by 7,782 · see citing works
Self-citationWhy Don't Physicians Follow Clinical Practice Guidelines?: A Framework for Improvement
Cabana, M. D., Rand, C. S., Powe, N. R., Wu, A. W., Wilson, M. H., Abboud, P.-A. C., & Rubin, H. R. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.15.1458 · Cited by 6,677 · see citing works
Kirk, J. M. W., MacDonald, A., Lavender, P., Dean, J. M., & Rubin, G. (2017) · Biomedicine Hub · doi:10.1159/000480347 · Cited by 3,901 · see citing works
Translating Social Ecological Theory into Guidelines for Community Health Promotion
Stokols, D. (1996) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-10.4.282 · Cited by 2,763 · see citing works
Schwarzer, R. (2008) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00325.x · Cited by 2,569 · see citing works
DiClemente, C. C., Prochaska, J. O., Fairhurst, S., Velicer, W. F., Velasquez, M. M., & Rossi, J. S. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.59.2.295 · Cited by 2,402 · see citing works
Self-citationDoes tailoring matter? Meta-analytic review of tailored print health behavior change interventions
Noar, S. M., Benac, C. N., & Harris, M. S. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.673 · Cited by 2,136 · see citing works
Development and Testing of a Short Form of the Patient Activation Measure
Hibbard, J. H., Mahoney, E. R., Stockard, J., & Tusler, M. (2005) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2005.00438.x · Cited by 1,939 · see citing works
Toward a Comprehensive Model of Change
Prochaska, J. O., & Diclemente, C. C. (1986) · Treating Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2191-0_1 · Cited by 1,877 · see citing works
Self-citationAdherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy: The Challenge to Effective Treatment
Weaver, T. E., & Grunstein, R. R. (2008) · Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/pats.200708-119mg · Cited by 1,680 · see citing works
Kwasnicka, D., Dombrowski, S. U., White, M., & Sniehotta, F. (2016) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2016.1151372 · Cited by 1,476 · see citing works
Sniehotta, F. F., Scholz, U., & Schwarzer, R. (2005) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870440512331317670 · Cited by 1,350 · see citing works
Motivational interviewing with problem drinkers
Miller, W. R. (1983) · Behavioural Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s0141347300006583 · Cited by 1,390 · see citing works
Motor Competence and its Effect on Positive Developmental Trajectories of Health
Robinson, L. E., Stodden, D. F., Barnett, L. M., Lopes, V. P., Logan, S. W., Rodrigues, L. P., & D’Hondt, E. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0351-6 · Cited by 1,446 · see citing works
Appel, L. J., Brands, M. W., Daniels, S. R., Karanja, N., Elmer, P. J., & Sacks, F. M. (2006) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000202568.01167.b6 · Cited by 1,304 · see citing works
Rebooting psychotherapy research and practice to reduce the burden of mental illness
Kazdin, A. E., & Blase, S. L. (2011) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610393527 · Cited by 1,254 · see citing works
Appealing to fear: A meta-analysis of fear appeal effectiveness and theories
Tannenbaum, M. B., Hepler, J., Zimmerman, R. S., Saul, L., Jacobs, S., Wilson, K., & Albarracín, D. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0039729 · Cited by 1,203 · see citing works
“In contrast, late stage individuals are already committed to behavior change and do not require such motivational appeals (DiClemente et al., 1991; Nabi et al., 2008; Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983; Prochaska et al., 1992).”
BackgroundMeasuring processes of change: Applications to the cessation of smoking.
Prochaska, J. O., Velicer, W. F., DiClemente, C. C., & Fava, J. L. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.56.4.520 · Cited by 1,108 · see citing works
Self-citationReiter, P. L., Pennell, M. L., & Katz, M. L. (2020) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.043 · Cited by 1,102 · see citing works
Testing four competing theories of health-protective behavior.
Weinstein, N. D. (1993) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.12.4.324 · Cited by 1,092 · see citing works
Evaluating primary care behavioral counseling interventions An evidence-based approach
Whitlock, E. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00415-4 · Cited by 1,057 · see citing works
Marketing Social Marketing in the Social Change Marketplace
Andreasen, A. R. (2002) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1509/jppm.21.1.3.17602 · Cited by 987 · see citing works
Love, sex, and power: Considering women's realities in HIV prevention.
Amaro, H. D. L. A. (1995) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.50.6.437 · Cited by 972 · see citing works
Riegel, B. J., Moser, D. K., Anker, S. D., Appel, L. J., Dunbar, S. B., Grady, K. L., Gurvitz, M. Z., Havranek, E. P., Lee, C. S., Lindenfeld, J. M., et al. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.192628 · Cited by 959 · see citing works
Decisional balance measure for assessing and predicting smoking status.
Velicer, W. F., DiClemente, C. C., Prochaska, J. O., & Brandenburg, N. A. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.48.5.1279 · Cited by 952 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding and preventing relapse.
Brownell, K. D., Marlatt, G. A., Lichtenstein, E., & Wilson, G. T. (1986) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.41.7.765 · Cited by 926 · see citing works
The Role of Theory in Developing Effective Health Communications
Fishbein, M., & Cappella, J. N. (2006) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00280.x · Cited by 873 · see citing works
One size does not fit all: the case for tailoring print materials
Kreuter, M. W., Strecher, V. J., & Glassman, B. (1999) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02895958 · Cited by 831 · see citing works
Chaudoir, S. R., Dugan, A. G., & Barr, C. H. (2013) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-8-22 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Assessing outcome in smoking cessation studies.
Velicer, W. F., Prochaska, J. O., Rossi, J. S., & Snow, M. G. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.111.1.23 · Cited by 828 · see citing works
Self-citationRelapse situations and self-efficacy: An integrative model
Velicer, W. F., DiClemente, C. C., Rossi, J. S., & Prochaska, J. O. (1990) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(90)90070-e · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Self-citationROLLNICK, S., HEATHER, N., GOLD, R., & HALL, W. (1992) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02720.x · Cited by 818 · see citing works
Noar, S. M., & Zimmerman, R. S. (2005) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyg113 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Albarracín, D., Gillette, J. C., Earl, A. N., Glasman, L. R., Durantini, M. R., & Ho, M.-H. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.856 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Social cognition models and health behaviour: A structured review
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2000) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870440008400299 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Weiner, B. J., Amick, H., & Lee, S.-Y. D. (2008) · Medical Care Research and Review · doi:10.1177/1077558708317802 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
The stages and processes of exercise adoption and maintenance in a worksite sample.
Marcus, B. H., Rossi, J. S., Selby, V. C., NIAURA, R. S., & Abrams, D. B. (1992) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.11.6.386 · Cited by 798 · see citing works
Patient participation in decision-making
Guadagnoli, E., & Ward, P. (1998) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00059-8 · Cited by 795 · see citing works
Interventions to change health behaviours: evidence-based or evidence-inspired?
Michie, S., & Abraham, C. (2004) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/0887044031000141199 · Cited by 783 · see citing works
Peikes, D. N., Chen, A., Schore, J., & Brown, R. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.126 · Cited by 781 · see citing works
Prochaska, J. O., DiClemente, C. C., Velicer, W. F., & Rossi, J. S. (1993) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.12.5.399 · Cited by 760 · see citing works
Self-citationHoek, A. C., Luning, P. A., Weijzen, P., Engels, W., Kok, F. J., & de Graaf, C. (2011) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.02.001 · Cited by 757 · see citing works
Increasing Diversity in Clinical Trials: Overcoming Critical Barriers
Clark, L. T., Watkins, L. O., Piña, I. L., Elmer, M. E., Akinboboye, O., Gorham, M., Jamerson, B. D., McCullough, C., Pierre, C., Polis, A. B., et al. (2018) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2018.11.002 · Cited by 732 · see citing works
Risk Communication for Public Health Emergencies
Glik, D. C. (2007) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144123 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
Motivational Interviewing and Self–Determination Theory
Markland, D., Ryan, R. M., Tobin, V. J., & Rollnick, S. (2005) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2005.24.6.811 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Marshall, S. J., & Biddle, S. (2001) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2304_2 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
Assessing motivational readiness and decision making for exercise.
Marcus, B. H., Rakowski, W., & Rossi, J. S. (1992) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.11.4.257 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Stage theories of health behavior: Conceptual and methodological issues.
Weinstein, N. D., Rothman, A. J., & Sutton, S. R. (1998) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.17.3.290 · Cited by 670 · see citing works
Improving dietary behavior: the effectiveness of tailored messages in primary care settings.
Campbell, M. K., DeVellis, B. M., Strecher, V. J., Ammerman, A. S., DeVellis, R. F., & Sandler, R. S. (1994) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.84.5.783 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
Ryan, R. M., Plant, R., & O'Malley, S. (1995) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(94)00072-7 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
Nonresponse and Dropout Rates in Outcome Studies on PTSD: Review and Methodological Considerations
Schottenbauer, M. A., Glass, C. R., Arnkoff, D. B., Tendick, V., & Gray, S. H. (2008) · Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes · doi:10.1521/psyc.2008.71.2.134 · Cited by 634 · see citing works
The behavioral determinants of exercise: implications for physical activity interventions.
Sherwood, N., & Jeffery, R. (2000) · Annual review of nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.21 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Why Don't Physicians Follow Clinical Practice Guidelines? A Framework for Improvement
Cabana, M. D., Rand, C. S., Powe, N. R., Wu, A. W., Wilson, M. E. H., Abboud, P.-A. C., & Rubin, H. R. (1999) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-199904020-00719 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Predictors of smoking cessation in a cohort of adult smokers followed for five years
Hymowitz, N., Cummings, K., Hyland, A., Lynn, W., Pechacek, T., & Hartwell, T. (1997) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.6.suppl_2.s57 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Public Perception of Climate Change
Semenza, J. C., Hall, D. E., Wilson, D. J., Bontempo, B. D., Sailor, D. J., & George, L. A. (2008) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.020 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Improving mental health literacy as a strategy to facilitate early intervention for mental disorders
Kelly, C. M., Jorm, A. F., & Wright, A. (2007) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01332.x · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Schwarzer, R., Lippke, S., & Luszczynska, A. (2011) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024509 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Computer-tailored health interventions delivered over the web: Review and analysis of key components
Lustria, M. L. A., Cortese, J., Noar, S. M., & Glueckauf, R. L. (2009) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2008.08.023 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Characteristics of binge drinkers in Europe
Kuntsche, E. N., Rehm, J. T., & Gmel, G. E. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.10.009 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Motivational interviewing in health care settings Opportunities and limitations
Emmons, K. M. (2001) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(00)00254-3 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Nonconscious processes and health.
Sheeran, P., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Bargh, J. A. (2013) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029203 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Readiness and stages of change in addiction treatment
DiClemente, C. C., Schlundt, D., & Gemmell, L. (2004) · The American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1080/10550490490435777 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical activity behavior change: Issues in adoption and maintenance.
Marcus, B. H., Forsyth, L. H., Stone, E. J., Dubbert, P. M., McKenzie, T. L., Dunn, A. L., & Blair, S. N. (2000) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.19.suppl1.32 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Atkins, S. A., Lewin, S. A., Swart, T. M., & Volmink, J. A. (2007) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-104 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Environmental influences on energy balance-related behaviors: A dual-process view
Kremers, S. P., de Bruijn, G.-J., Visscher, T. L., van Mechelen, W., de Vries, N. K., & Brug, J. (2006) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-3-9 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of coronary heart disease
Ebrahim, S. B. J., Taylor, F. C., Ward, K. J., Beswick, A. D., Burke, M., & Smith, G. D. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001561.pub3 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Snyder, L. B., Hamilton, M. A., Mitchell, E. W., Kiwanuka‐Tondo, J., Fleming‐Milici, F., & Proctor, D. (2004) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730490271548 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Stages in the development of adolescent smoking
Mayhew, K. P., Flay, B. R., & Mott, J. A. (2000) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00165-9 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Community readiness: Research to practice
Edwards, R. W., Jumper‐Thurman, P., Plested, B., OETTING, E. R., & Swanson, L. E. (2000) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6629(200005)28:3 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
John, J., Ziébland, S., Yudkin, P. L., Roe, L., & Neil, H. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)98858-6 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Romero, C., Rodríguez‐Almagro, J., Zafra, M. D. O., Parra-Fernández, M. L., Prado-Laguna, M. D. C., & Hernández‐Martínez, A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186567 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Norcross, J. C., Krebs, P. M., & Prochaska, J. O. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20758 · Cited by 1,065 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Contemplation Ladder: Validation of a measure of readiness to consider smoking cessation.
Biener, L., & Abrams, D. B. (1991) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.10.5.360 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
(1993) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1993.tb05219.x · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Physicians' recommendations for mammography: do tailored messages make a difference?
Skinner, C. S., Strecher, V. J., & Hospers, H. J. (1994) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.84.1.43 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Exercise and the Treatment of Clinical Depression in Adults: Recent Findings and Future Directions
Brosse, A. L., Sheets, E. S., Lett, H. S., & Blumenthal, J. A. (2002) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200232120-00001 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Factors influencing behavior and behavior change.
Fishbein, M., Triandis, H. C., Kanfer, F. H., Becker, M., & Se, M. (2000) · Cited by 506 · see citing works
The Primary Prevention of Myocardial Infarction
Manson, J. E., Tosteson, H., Ridker, P. M., Satterfield, S., Hebert, P., O'Connor, G. T., Buring, J. E., & Hennekens, C. H. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199205213262107 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Crespo, C. J. (1996) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1996.00440010113015 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Prochaska, J. O. (1994) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.13.1.47 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Self-citationMental Health Promotion in Public Health: Perspectives and Strategies From Positive Psychology
Kobau, R., Seligman, M. E. P., Peterson, C., Diener, E., Zack, M. M., Chapman, D., & Thompson, W. (2011) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2010.300083 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of a smoking timeline follow-back interview.
Brown, R. A., Burgess, E. S., Sales, S. D., Whiteley, J. A., Evans, D. M., & Miller, I. W. (1998) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.12.2.101 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Using Measurement-Based Care to Enhance Any Treatment
Scott, K., & Lewis, C. C. (2015) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.01.010 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
The Transtheoretical Model of Change and HIV Prevention: A Review
Prochaska, J. O., Redding, C. A., Harlow, L. L., Rossi, J. S., & Velicer, W. F. (1994) · Health Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/109019819402100410 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Self-citationUsing implementation intentions to increase attendance for cervical cancer screening.
Sheeran, P., & Orbell, S. (2000) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.19.3.283 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
An analysis of the definitions and elements of recovery: A review of the literature.
Onken, S. J., Craig, C. M., Ridgway, P., Ralph, R. O., & Cook, J. Α. (2007) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.2975/31.1.2007.9.22 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Factors Affecting Levels of Physical Activity in Adults
Seefeldt, V. D., Malina, R. M., & Clark, M. A. (2002) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200232030-00001 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Predicting change in smoking status for self-changers
Prochaska, J. O., DiClemente, C. C., Velicer, W. F., Ginpil, S., & Norcross, J. C. (1985) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(85)90036-x · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Self-citationMarcus, B. H., Banspach, S. W., Lefebvre, R. C., Rossi, J. S., Carleton, R. A., & Abrams, D. B. (1992) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-6.6.424 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Personal Growth Initiative: The Construct and Its Measure
Robitschek, C. (1998) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1080/07481756.1998.12068941 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
A model of the precaution adoption process: Evidence from home radon testing.
Weinstein, N. D., & Sandman, P. M. (1992) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.11.3.170 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Home-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Breast Cancer Patients
Pinto, B. M., Frierson, G. M., Rabin, C., Trunzo, J. J., & Marcus, B. H. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.03.080 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Can the Theory of Planned Behavior Predict the Maintenance of Physical Activity?
Armitage, C. J. (2005) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.3.235 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Peterson, A. V. (2000) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/92.24.1979 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Factors Associated with Exercise Adherence Among Older Adults
Rhodes, R. E., Martín, A., Taunton, J. E., Rhodes, E. C., Donnelly, M., & Elliot, J. (1999) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-199928060-00003 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Hoeppner, B. B., Kelly, J. F., Urbanoski, K. A., & Slaymaker, V. J. (2011) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2011.04.005 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
How Does Physician Advice Influence Patient Behavior?: Evidence for a Priming Effect
Kreuter, M. W. (2000) · Archives of Family Medicine · doi:10.1001/archfami.9.5.426 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Markland, D., & Ingledew, D. K. (1997) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8287.1997.tb00549.x · Cited by 431 · see citing works
- Authors
- Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Rhode Island (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 1983
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 390-395
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W2021604300
- Cited by
- 9,098
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 332 · 2025: 317 · 2024: 257 · 2023: 238 · 2022: 344 · 2021: 344 · 2020: 379 · 2019: 314 · 2018: 292 · 2017: 296 · 2016: 344 · 2015: 381 · 2014: 400 · 2013: 413 · 2012: 391
- FWCI
- 9.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Journal of Media Literacy Education (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, self-change, stages of change, change processes, precontemplation, contemplation, action stage, maintenance, relapse, consciousness raising, self-liberation, helping relationship, counterconditioning, stimulus control
- MeSH terms
- Smoking Prevention, Humans, Motivation, Set, Psychology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review