CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 5,699Cardiovascular Function and Risk FactorsBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesCardiovascular Effects of Exercise

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prognostic Implications of Echocardiographically Determined Left Ventricular Mass in the Framingham Heart Study

Open access
Levy, Daniel, Garrison, Robert J., Savage, Daniel D., Kannel, William B., Castelli, William P.·1990·New England Journal of Medicine
DOI 10.1056/nejm199005313222203
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

A pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy evident on the electrocardiogram is a harbinger of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Echocardiography permits the noninvasive determination of left ventricular mass and the examination of its role as a precursor of morbidity and mortality. We examined the relation of left ventricular mass to the incidence of cardiovascular disease, mortality from cardiovascular disease, and mortality from all causes in 3220 subjects enrolled in the Framingham Heart Study who were 40 years of age or older and free of clinically apparent cardiovascular disease, in whom left ventricular mass was determined echocardiographically. During a four-year follow-up period, there were 208 incident cardiovascular events, 37 deaths from cardiovascular disease, and 124 deaths from all causes. Left ventricular mass, determined echocardiographically, was associated with all outcome events. This relation persisted after we adjusted for age, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, treatment for hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes, obesity, the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. In men, the risk factor-adjusted relative risk of cardiovascular disease was 1.49 for each increment of 50 g per meter in left ventricular mass corrected for the subject's height (95 percent confidence interval, 1.20 to 1.85); in women, it was 1.57 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.20 to 2.04). Left ventricular mass (corrected for height) was also associated with the incidence of death from cardiovascular disease (relative risk, 1.73 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.19 to 2.52] in men and 2.12 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.28 to 3.49] in women). Left ventricular mass (corrected for height) was associated with death from all causes (relative risk, 1.49 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.14 to 1.94] in men and 2.01 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.44 to 2.81] in women). We conclude that the estimation of left ventricular mass by echocardiography offers prognostic information beyond that provided by the evaluation of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. An increase in left ventricular mass predicts a higher incidence of clinical events, including death, attributable to cardiovascular disease.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1056/nejm199005313222203

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 28 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Levy, 1987, Circulation, 76, IV-143
  2. Marcus, 1987, Circulation, 75, I-19

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 5,699

Related

Metadata

Authors
Levy, D., Garrison, R. J., Savage, D. D., Kannel, W. B., & Castelli, W. P.
Affiliations
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US)
  • National Center for Health Statistics (US)
  • Boston University (US)
ORCID
Levy, Daniel
Venue
New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher
Massachusetts Medical Society
Published
1990-05-31
Volume
322
Issue
22
Pages
1561-1566
ISSN
  • 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
  • 1533-4406
DOI
10.1056/nejm199005313222203
OpenAlex
W2334499091
Cited by
5,699
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 77 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 117 · 2021: 124 · 2020: 156 · 2019: 142 · 2018: 134 · 2017: 170 · 2016: 189 · 2015: 211 · 2014: 215 · 2013: 199 · 2012: 215
FWCI
76.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
Keywords
left ventricular mass, left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiovascular disease incidence, cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, echocardiography, cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension, sex differences, Framingham Heart Study
MeSH terms
Blood Pressure, Echocardiography, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Cardiomegaly, Humans, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Smoking, Multivariate Analysis, Diabetes Complications

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review