2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

Mancia, Giuseppe; Fagard, Robert; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Redón, Josep; Zanchetti, Alberto; Böhm, Michael; Christiaens, Thierry; Cifkova, Renata; De Backer, Guy; Dominiczak, Anna; Galderisi, Maurizio; Grobbee, Diederick E.; Jaarsma, Tiny; Kirchhof, Paulus; Kjeldsen, Sverre E.; Laurent, Stéphane; Manolis, Athanasios J.; Nilsson, Peter M.; Ruilope, Luis Miguel; Schmieder, Roland E.; Sirnes, Per Anton; Sleight, Peter; Viigimaa, Margus; Waeber, Bernard; Zannad, Faiez

doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000431740.32696.cc

Cited by 5,655Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesClinical practice guidelines implementationCardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention

2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

Mancia, Giuseppe, Fagard, Robert, Narkiewicz, Krzysztof, Redón, Josep, Zanchetti, Alberto, Böhm, Michael, Christiaens, Thierry, Cifkova, Renata +17 more·2013·Journal of Hypertension

DOI 10.1097/01.hjh.0000431740.32696.cc

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Abstract

Table of Contents Introduction Principles New aspects Epidemiological aspects Relationship of blood pressure to cardiovascular and renal damage Definition and classification of hypertension Prevalence of hypertension Hypertension and total cardiovascular risk Assessment of total cardiovascular risk Limitations Summary of recommendations on total cardiovascular risk assessment Diagnostic evaluation Bood pressure measurement Office or clinic blood pressure Out-of-office blood pressure White-coat (or isolated office) hypertension and masked (or isolated ambulatory) hypertension Clinical indications for out-of-office blood pressure Blood pressure during exercise and laboratory stress Central blood pressure Medical history Physical examination Summary of recommendations on blood pressure measurement, history, and physical examination Laboratory investigations Genetics Searching for asymptomatic organ damage Heart Blood vessels Kidney Fundoscopy Brain Clinical value and limitations Summary of recommendations on the search for asymptomatic organ damage, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease Searching for secondary forms of hypertension Treatment approach Evidence favouring therapeutic reduction of high blood pressure When to initiate antihypertensive drug treatment Recommendations of previous Guidelines Grade 2 and 3 hypertension and high-risk grade 1 hypertension Low-to-moderate risk, grade 1 hypertension Isolated systolic hypertension in youth Grade 1 hypertension in the elderly High normal blood pressure Summary of recommendations on initiation of antihypertensive drug treatment Blood pressure treatment targets Recommendations of previous Guidelines Low-to-moderate risk hypertensive patients Hypertension in the elderly High-risk patients The ‘lower the better’ vs. the J-shaped curve hypothesis Evidence on target blood pressure from organ damage studies Clinic vs. home and ambulatory blood pressure targets Summary of recommendations on blood pressure targets in hypertensive patients Treatment strategies Lifestyle changes Salt restriction Moderation of alcohol consumption Other dietary changes Weight reduction Regular physical exercise Smoking cessation Summary of recommendations on adoption of lifestyle changes Pharmacological therapy Choice of antihypertensive drugs Monotherapy and combination therapy Summary of recommendations on treatment strategies and choice of drugs Treatment strategies in special conditions White-coat hypertension Masked hypertension Summary of recommendations on treatment strategies in white-coat and masked hypertension Elderly Summary of recommendations on antihypertensive treatment strategies in the elderly Young adults Women Oral contraceptives Hormone replacement therapy Pregnancy Long-term cardiovascular consequences in gestational hypertension Summary of recommendations on treatment strategies in hypertensive women Diabetes mellitus Summary of recommendations on treatment strategies in patients with diabetes Metabolic syndrome Summary of recommendations on treatment strategies in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome Obstructive sleep apnoea Diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathy Summary of recommendations on therapeutic strategies in hypertensive patients with nephropathy Chronic kidney disease stage 5D Cerebrovascular disease Acute stroke Previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack Cognitive dysfunction and white matter lesions Summary of recommendations on therapeutic strategies in hypertensive patients with cerebrovascular disease Heart disease Coronary heart disease Heart failure Atrial fibrillation Left ventricular hypertrophy Summary of recommendations on therapeutic strategies in hypertensive patients with heart disease Atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, and peripheral artery disease Carotid atherosclerosis Increased arterial stiffness Peripheral artery disease Summary of recommendations on therapeutic strategies in hypertensive patients with atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, and peripheral artery disease Sexual dysfunction Resistant hypertension Carotid baroreceptor stimulation Renal denervation Other invasive approaches Follow-up in resistant hypertension Summary of recommendations on therapeutic strategies in patients with resistant hypertension Malignant hypertension Hypertensive emergencies and urgencies Perioperative management of hypertension Renovascular hypertension Primary aldosteronism Treatment of associated risk factors Lipid-lowering agents Antiplatelet therapy Treatment of hyperglycaemia Summary of recommendations on treatment of risk factors associated with hypertension Follow-up Follow-up of hypertensive patients Follow-up of subjects with high normal blood pressure and white-coat hypertension Elevated blood pressure at control visits Continued search for asymptomatic organ damage Can antihypertensive medications be reduced or stopped? Improvement of blood pressure control in hypertension Hypertension disease management Team approach

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In the 2008 ESH HBPM recommendations, a threshold for hypertension diagnosis with systolic/diastolic HBP of 135/85 mmHg was proposed, based on a review of evidence including two meta-analyses.
“In the 2008 ESH HBPM recommendations, a threshold for hypertension diagnosis with systolic/diastolic HBP of 135/85 mmHg was proposed [4], based on the review of evidence including two meta-analyses [139,140]”
From Home blood pressure monitoring: methodology, clinical relevance and practical application: a 2021 position paper by the Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability of the European Society of Hypertension (2021) · cites this paper as [139]
Antiadrenergic drugs, coupled with diuretics and direct-acting vasodilators such as hydralazine, became the preferred antihypertensive therapy for thirty years.
“Antiadrenergic drugs, coupled with diuretics and direct-acting vasodilators such as hydralazine became the preferred antihypertensive therapy for thirty years115.”
From The Sympathetic Nervous System Alterations in Human Hypertension (2015) · cites this paper as [115]

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Chodosh, J., Morton, S. C., Mojica, W., Maglione, M., Suttorp, M. J., Hilton, L., Rhodes, S., & Shekelle, P. (2005) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-143-6-200509200-00007 · Cited by 790 · see citing works
Greater Cardiovascular Responses to Laboratory Mental Stress Are Associated With Poor Subsequent Cardiovascular Risk Status: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Evidence
Chida, Y., & Steptoe, A. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.146621 · Cited by 787 · see citing works
Telmisartan to Prevent Recurrent Stroke and Cardiovascular Events
Yusuf, S., Diener, H.-C., Sacco, R. L., Cotton, D., Ôunpuu, S., Lawton, W. A., Palesch, Y., Martin, R. H., Albers, G. W., Bath, P., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0804593 · Cited by 785 · see citing works
Lifestyle interventions to reduce raised blood pressure: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Dickinson, H. O., Mason, J. M., Nicolson, D. J., Campbell, F., Beyer, F. R., Cook, J. V., Williams, B., & Ford, G. A. (2006) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000199800.72563.26 · Cited by 759 · see citing works
Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and risk of hypertension and stroke in later life: results from cohort study
Wilson, B. J., Watson, M. S., Prescott, G. J., Sunderland, S., Campbell, D. M., Hannaford, P., & Smith, W. C. S. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7394.845 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Long-Term Risk of Mortality Associated With Selective and Combined Elevation in Office, Home, and Ambulatory Blood Pressure
Mancia, G., Facchetti, R., Bombelli, M., Grassi, G., & Sega, R. (2006) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000215363.69793.bb · Cited by 691 · see citing works
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Adherence to Antihypertensive Medications and Cardiovascular Morbidity Among Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients
Mazzaglia, G., Ambrosioni, E., Alacqua, M., Filippi, A., Sessa, E., Immordino, V., Borghi, C., Brignoli, O., Caputi, A. P., Cricelli, C., et al. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.830299 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Baroreflex Activation Therapy Lowers Blood Pressure in Patients With Resistant Hypertension
Bisognano, J. D., Bakris, G., Nadim, M. K., Sanchez, L., Kroon, A. A., Schafer, J., de Leeuw, P. W., & Sica, D. A. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.008 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Effects of Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification on Diet, Weight, Physical Fitness, and Blood Pressure Control: 18-Month Results of a Randomized Trial
Elmer, P. J., Obarzanek, E., Vollmer, W. M., Simons-Morton, D., Stevens, V. J., Young, D. R., Lin, P.-H., Champagne, C., Harsha, D. W., Svetkey, L. P., et al. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-7-200604040-00007 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Ramipril and the Development of Diabetes
Yusuf, S. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.15.1882 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Baroreflex Control of Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Essential and Secondary Hypertension
Grassi, G., Cattaneo, B. M., Seravalle, G., Lanfranchi, A., & Mancia, G. (1998) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.31.1.68 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
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Effect of long-acting nifedipine on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with stable angina requiring treatment (ACTION trial): randomised controlled trial
Poole-Wilson, P. A., Lubsen, J., Kirwan, B.-A., van Dalen, F. J., Wagener, G., Danchin, N., Just, H., Fox, K. A., Pocock, S. J., Clayton, T. C., et al. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16980-8 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
A Comparison of Biochemical Tests for Pheochromocytoma: Measurement of Fractionated Plasma Metanephrines Compared with the Combination of 24-Hour Urinary Metanephrines and Catecholamines
Sawka, A. M., Jaeschke, R., Singh, R. J., & Young, W. F. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021251 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers in the management of left ventricular systolic dysfunction according to race, gender, and diabetic status
Shekelle, P. G., Rich, M. W., Morton, S. C., Atkinson, C. S. W., Tu, W., Maglione, M., Rhodes, S., Barrett, M., Fonarow, G. C., Greenberg, B., et al. (2003) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00262-6 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Value and Limitations of Existing Scores for the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk
Cooney, M. T., Dudina, A. L., & Graham, I. M. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.020 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation by Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition
Schneider, M. P., Hua, T. A., Böhm, M., Wachtell, K., Kjeldsen, S. E., & Schmieder, R. E. (2010) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.043 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Mechanisms responsible for sympathetic activation by cigarette smoking in humans.
Grassi, G., Seravalle, G., Calhoun, D. A., Bolla, G. B., Giannattasio, C., Marabini, M., Del Bo, A., & Mancia, G. (1994) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.90.1.248 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Self-citation
Salt reduction lowers cardiovascular risk: meta-analysis of outcome trials
He, F. J., & MacGregor, G. A. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61174-4 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Home-Measured Blood Pressure Is a Stronger Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk Than Office Blood Pressure: The Finn-Home Study
Niiranen, T. J., Hänninen, M.-R., Johansson, J., Reunanen, A., & Jula, A. M. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.149336 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome: analysis of the Treating to New Targets study
Deedwania, P., Barter, P., Carmena, R., Fruchart, J.-C., Grundy, S. M., Haffner, S., Kastelein, J. J., LaRosa, J. C., Schachner, H., Shepherd, J., et al. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69292-1 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Midwall Left Ventricular Mechanics: An Independent Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk in Arterial Hypertension
de Simone, G., Devereux, R. B., Koren, M. J., Mensah, G. A., Casale, P. N., & Laragh, J. H. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.93.2.259 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Relative effectiveness of clinic and home blood pressure monitoring compared with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in diagnosis of hypertension: systematic review
Hodgkinson, J., Mant, J., Martin, U., Guo, B., Hobbs, F. D. R., Deeks, J. J., Heneghan, C., Roberts, N., & McManus, R. J. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d3621 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Better compliance to antihypertensive medications reduces cardiovascular risk
Corrao, G., Parodi, A., Nicotra, F., Zambon, A., Merlino, L., Cesana, G., & Mancia, G. (2011) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328342ca97 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Self-citation
Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Tanis, B. C., van den Bosch, M. A. A. J., Kemmeren, J. M., Cats, V. M., Helmerhorst, F. M., Algra, A., van der Graaf, Y., & Rosendaal, F. R. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa003216 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure by candesartan in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program
Ducharme, A., Swedberg, K., Pfeffer, M. A., Cohen-Solal, A., Granger, C. B., Maggioni, A. P., Michelson, E. L., McMurray, J. J. V., Olsson, L., Rouleau, J. L., et al. (2006) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.06.036 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
The Association Between Blood Pressure, Hypertension, and Cerebral White Matter Lesions: Cardiovascular Determinants of Dementia Study
van Dijk, E. J., Breteler, M. M. B., Schmidt, R., Berger, K., Nilsson, L.-G., Oudkerk, M., Pajak, A., Sans, S., de Ridder, M., Dufouil, C., et al. (2004) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000145857.98904.20 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Prospective Study of Oral Contraceptives and Hypertension Among Women in the United States
Chasan-Taber, L., Willett, W. C., Manson, J. E., Spiegelman, D., Hunter, D. J., Curhan, G., Colditz, G. A., & Stampfer, M. J. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.3.483 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Venous thrombosis in users of non-oral hormonal contraception: follow-up study, Denmark 2001-10
Lidegaard, O., Nielsen, L. H., Skovlund, C. W., & Lokkegaard, E. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e2990 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Atenolol and fetal growth in pregnancies complicated by hypertension
Lydakis, C. (1999) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00031-x · Cited by 325 · see citing works
The Effect of Lifestyle Modification and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Reduction on Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Gupta, B. P. (2011) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.440 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Inequalities in the prevalence of smoking in the European Union: comparing education and income
HUISMAN, M., KUNST, A., & MACKENBACH, J. (2005) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.09.022 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Adrenergic and Reflex Abnormalities in Obesity-Related Hypertension
Grassi, G., Seravalle, G., Dell’Oro, R., Turri, C., Bolla, G. B., & Mancia, G. (2000) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.36.4.538 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Self-citation
Renal Hemodynamics and Renal Function After Catheter-Based Renal Sympathetic Denervation in Patients With Resistant Hypertension
Mahfoud, F., Cremers, B., Janker, J., Link, B., Vonend, O., Ukena, C., Linz, D., Schmieder, R., Rump, L. C., Kindermann, I., et al. (2012) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.193870 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Self-citation
Characterization of Resistant Hypertension<subtitle>Association Between Resistant Hypertension, Aldosterone, and Persistent Intravascular Volume Expansion</subtitle>
Gaddam, K. K. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.11.1159 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Moderate alcohol use and reduced mortality risk: Systematic error in prospective studies
Fillmore, K. M., Kerr, W. C., Stockwell, T., Chikritzhs, T., & Bostrom, A. (2006) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066350500497983 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Antihypertensive Treatment Based on Blood Pressure Measurement at Home or in the Physician's Office<SUBTITLE>A Randomized Controlled Trial</SUBTITLE>
Staessen, J. A. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.8.955 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Contraceptive hormone use and cardiovascular disease
Shufelt, C. L., & Bairey Merz, C. N. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.09.042 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Masked hypertension: A systematic review
Bobrie, G., Clerson, P., Ménard, J., Postel-Vinay, N., Chatellier, G., & Plouin, P.-F. (2008) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3282fbcedf · Cited by 279 · see citing works
ACOG practice bulletin. No. 73: use of hormonal contraception in women with coexisting medical conditions
(2006) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00006250-200606000-00055 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Vascular Structure and Function Is Correlated to Cognitive Performance and White Matter Hyperintensities in Older Hypertensive Patients With Subjective Memory Complaints
Kearney-Schwartz, A., Rossignol, P., Bracard, S., Felblinger, J., Fay, R., Boivin, J.-M., Lecompte, T., Lacolley, P., Benetos, A., & Zannad, F. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.532853 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Self-citation
Home versus ambulatory and office blood pressure in predicting target organ damage in hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bliziotis, I. A., Destounis, A., & Stergiou, G. S. (2012) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283531eaf · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Measurement of Blood Pressure in the Office: Recognizing the Problem and Proposing the Solution
Myers, M. G., Godwin, M., Dawes, M., Kiss, A., Tobe, S. W., & Kaczorowski, J. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.141879 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Bupropion SR for smoking cessation in smokers with cardiovascular disease: a multicentre, randomised study
Tonstad, S. (2003) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0195-668x(03)00003-4 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Continuous vs intermittent blood pressure measurements in estimating 24-hour average blood pressure.
di Rienzo, M., Grassi, G., Pedotti, A., & Mancia, G. (1983) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.5.2.264 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citation
Midlife and Late-Life Blood Pressure and Dementia in Japanese Elderly: The Hisayama Study
Ninomiya, T., Ohara, T., Hirakawa, Y., Yoshida, D., Doi, Y., Hata, J., Kanba, S., Iwaki, T., & Kiyohara, Y. (2011) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.163055 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
A decrease in diastolic blood pressure combined with an increase in systolic blood pressure is associated with a higher cardiovascular mortality in men
Benetos, A., Zureik, M., Morcet, J., Thomas, F., Bean, K., Safar, M., Ducimetière, P., & Guize, L. (2000) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00586-0 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Early and comprehensive management of atrial fibrillation: executive summary of the proceedings from the 2nd AFNET-EHRA consensus conference ‘research perspectives in AF’
Kirchhof, P., Bax, J., Blomstrom-Lundquist, C., Calkins, H., Camm, A. J., Cappato, R., Cosio, F., Crijns, H., Diener, H.-C., Goette, A., et al. (2009) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp235 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
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Hypertension and atrial fibrillation: diagnostic approach, prevention and treatment. Position paper of the Working Group ‘Hypertension Arrhythmias and Thrombosis’ of the European Society of Hypertension
Manolis, A. J., Rosei, E. A., Coca, A., Cifkova, R., Erdine, S. E., Kjeldsen, S., Lip, G. Y. H., Narkiewicz, K., Parati, G., Redon, J., et al. (2012) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834f03bf · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citation
Angiotensin II-antagonist in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (ANTIPAF) trial
Goette, A., Schön, N., Kirchhof, P., Breithardt, G., Fetsch, T., Häusler, K. G., Klein, H. U., Steinbeck, G., Wegscheider, K., & Meinertz, T. (2012) · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.111.965178 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Usefulness of Heart Rate to Predict Cardiac Events in Treated Patients With High-Risk Systemic Hypertension
Julius, S., Palatini, P., Kjeldsen, S. E., Zanchetti, A., Weber, M. A., McInnes, G. T., Brunner, H. R., Mancia, G., Schork, M. A., Hua, T. A., et al. (2012) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.10.025 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citation
Home blood pressure telemonitoring improves hypertension control in general practice. The TeleBPCare study
Parati, G., Omboni, S., Albini, F., Piantoni, L., Giuliano, A., Revera, M., Illyes, M., & Mancia, G. (2009) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283163caf · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citation
Physicians' perception, knowledge and awareness of cardiovascular risk factors and adherence to prevention guidelines: the PERCRO-DOC survey
Reiner, Ž., Sonicki, Z., & Tedeschi-Reiner, E. (2010) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.09.014 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
C‐reactive protein, its role in inflammation, Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and the effects of insulin‐sensitizing treatment with thiazolidinediones
Nesto, R. (2004) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01296.x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Higher risk of venous thrombosis associated with drospirenone-containing oral contraceptives: A population-based cohort study
Gronich, N., Lavi, I., & Rennert, G. (2011) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.110463 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Automated blood pressure measurement in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Stergiou, G. S., Kollias, A., Destounis, A., & Tzamouranis, D. (2012) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835850d7 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and hypertension.
Woods, J. W. (1988) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.11.3_pt_2.ii11 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Impact of Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring and Blood Pressure Control: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies
Omboni, S., & Guarda, A. (2011) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1038/ajh.2011.100 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Combined oral contraceptive use among women with hypertension: a systematic review
Curtis, K. M., Mohllajee, A. P., Martins, S. L., & Peterson, H. B. (2006) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.005 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Progestogen-only pills and high blood pressure: is there an association?
Hussain, S. F. (2004) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2003.09.002 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

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2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Visseren, F. L. J., Mach, F., Smulders, Y. M., Carballo, D., Koskinas, K. C., Bäck, M., Benetos, A., Biffi, A., Boavida, J.-M., Capodanno, D., et al. (2021) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484 · Cited by 6,485 · see citing works
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2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: Endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA)
Mancia, G., Kreutz, R., Brunström, M., Burnier, M., Grassi, G., Januszewicz, A., Muiesan, M. L., Tsioufis, K., Agabiti-Rosei, E., Algharably, E. A. E., et al. (2023) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000003480 · Cited by 3,473 · see citing works
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2017 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS)
Aboyans, V., Ricco, J.-B., Bartelink, M.-L. E. L., Björck, M., Brodmann, M., Cohnert, T., Collet, J.-P., Czerny, M., De Carlo, M., Debus, S., et al. (2018) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095 · Cited by 3,293 · see citing works
The Management of Primary Aldosteronism: Case Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Funder, J. W., Carey, R. M., Mantero, F., Murad, M. H., Reincke, M., Shibata, H., Stowasser, M., & Young, W. F. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-4061 · Cited by 2,925 · see citing works
2018 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy
Regitz-Zagrosek, V., Roos-Hesselink, J. W., Bauersachs, J., Blomström-Lundqvist, C., Cífková, R., De Bonis, M., Iung, B., Johnson, M. R., Kintscher, U., Kranke, P., et al. (2018) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy340 · Cited by 2,292 · see citing works
Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients
Jamerson, K., Weber, M. A., Bakris, G. L., Dahlöf, B., Pitt, B., Shi, V., Hester, A., Gupte, J., Gatlin, M., & Velazquez, E. J. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0806182 · Cited by 2,065 · see citing works
ESC Guidelines on the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy
Endorsed by the European Society of Gynecology (ESG), T. A. F. E. P. C. (., Authors/Task Force Members, Regitz-Zagrosek, V., Blomstrom Lundqvist, C., Borghi, C., Cifkova, R., Ferreira, R., Foidart, J.-M., Gibbs, J. S. R., Gohlke-Baerwolf, C., et al. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr218 · Cited by 1,924 · see citing works
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Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Improves Cardiovascular Event Prediction
Ben-Shlomo, Y., Spears, M., Boustred, C., May, M., Anderson, S. G., Benjamin, E. J., Boutouyrie, P., Cameron, J., Chen, C.-H., Cruickshank, J. K., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.09.063 · Cited by 1,835 · see citing works
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Prognostic significance of visit-to-visit variability, maximum systolic blood pressure, and episodic hypertension
Rothwell, P. M., Howard, S. C., Dolan, E., O'Brien, E., Dobson, J. E., Dahlöf, B., Sever, P. S., & Poulter, N. R. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60308-x · Cited by 1,784 · see citing works
Hypertension.
Oparil, S., Acelajado, M. C., Bakris, G. L., Berlowitz, D. R., Cífková, R., Dominiczak, A. F., Grassi, G., Jordan, J., Poulter, N. R., Rodgers, A., et al. (2018) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2018.14 · Cited by 1,167 · see citing works
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European Society of Hypertension practice guidelines for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Parati, G., Stergiou, G., O’Brien, E., Asmar, R., Beilin, L., Bilo, G., Clement, D., de la Sierra, A., de Leeuw, P., Dolan, E., et al. (2014) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000221 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
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Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in the Community: A Statement by the American Society of Hypertension and the International Society of Hypertension
Weber, M. A., Schiffrin, E. L., White, W. B., Mann, S., Lindholm, L. H., Kenerson, J. G., Flack, J. M., Carter, B. L., Materson, B. J., Ram, C. V. S., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12237 · Cited by 986 · see citing works
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: clinical impact, assessment, diagnosis, and management
Spallone, V., Ziegler, D., Freeman, R., Bernardi, L., Frontoni, S., Pop‐Busui, R., Stevens, M., Kempler, P., Hilsted, J., Tesfaye, S., et al. (2011) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.1239 · Cited by 957 · see citing works
Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. II. Barriers to care, monitoring and treatment guidelines, plus recommendations at the system and individual level
DE HERT, M., COHEN, D., BOBES, J., CETKOVICH‐BAKMAS, M., LEUCHT, S., NDETEI, D. M., NEWCOMER, J. W., UWAKWE, R., ASAI, I., MÖLLER, H., et al. (2011) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00036.x · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Assessment and management of blood-pressure variability
Parati, G., Ochoa, J. E., Lombardi, C., & Bilo, G. (2013) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2013.1 · Cited by 853 · see citing works
Olmesartan for the delay or prevention of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes
Haller, H., Ito, S., Izzo, J. L., Januszewicz, A., Katayama, S., Menne, J., Mimran, A., Rabelink, T. J., Ritz, E., Ruilope, L. M., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1007994 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
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Effect of renal denervation on blood pressure in the presence of antihypertensive drugs: 6-month efficacy and safety results from the SPYRAL HTN-ON MED proof-of-concept randomised trial
Kandzari, D. E., Böhm, M., Mahfoud, F., Townsend, R. R., Weber, M. A., Pocock, S., Tsioufis, K., Tousoulis, D., Choi, J. W., East, C., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30951-6 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
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Association between difference in blood pressure reduction and risk of cardiovascular events in a type 2 diabetes population: a meta-regression analysis
Grenet, G., Le, H. H., Bejan-Angoulvant, T., Erpeldinger, S., Boussageon, R., Kassaï, B., Moulin, P., Gueyffier, F., & Cucherat, M. (2019) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2019.05.003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Authors: Mancia, G., Fagard, R., Narkiewicz, K., Redón, J., Zanchetti, A., Böhm, M., Christiaens, T., Cifkova, R., De Backer, G., Dominiczak, A., Galderisi, M., Grobbee, D. E., Jaarsma, T., Kirchhof, P., Kjeldsen, S. E., Laurent, S., Manolis, A. J., Nilsson, P. M., Ruilope, L. M., Schmieder, R. E., Sirnes, P. A., Sleight, P., Viigimaa, M., Waeber, B., & Zannad, F.
Affiliations: KU Leuven (BE)
National LGBTQ Task Force (US)
Corresponding author: Mancia, Giuseppe
Fagard, Robert
ORCID: Mancia, Giuseppe
Narkiewicz, Krzysztof
Redón, Josep
Zanchetti, Alberto
Böhm, Michael
Dominiczak, Anna
Galderisi, Maurizio
Grobbee, Diederick E.
Jaarsma, Tiny
Kirchhof, Paulus
Kjeldsen, Sverre E.
Laurent, Stéphane
Manolis, Athanasios J.
Nilsson, Peter M.
Ruilope, Luis Miguel
Schmieder, Roland E.
Sirnes, Per Anton
Viigimaa, Margus
Zannad, Faiez
Venue: Journal of Hypertension
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2013-07
Volume: 31
Issue: 7
Pages: 1281-1357
ISSN: 0263-6352 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000431740.32696.cc
OpenAlex: W2167557672
Cited by: 5,655
References: 122
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 120 · 2023: 137 · 2022: 158 · 2021: 208 · 2020: 248 · 2019: 341 · 2018: 606 · 2017: 635 · 2016: 679 · 2015: 612 · 2014: 617 · 2013: 301 · 2012: 205
FWCI: 500.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Hypertension (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ABACUS. Repositorio de Producción Científica (Universidad Europea) (submittedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
IRIS (submittedVersion)
Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Univerzita Karlova v Praze
Università degli Studi di Milano
University of Glasgow
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
Lunds Universitet
Universitat de València
KU Leuven
Universiteit Gent
Universitetet i Oslo
Tallinna Tehnikaülikool
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
Istituto Auxologico Italiano
INCLIVA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Keywords: hypertension, antihypertensive therapy, cardiovascular risk assessment, blood pressure measurement, white coat hypertension, masked hypertension, blood pressure targets, lifestyle modification, salt restriction, combination antihypertensive therapy, hypertension in pregnancy, gestational hypertension, hypertension in diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, cerebrovascular disease, cognitive impairment
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Antihypertensive Agents, Europe, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult

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2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

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