The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Licorice-Induced Hypermineralocorticoidism
Open accessAbstract
EXCESSIVE ingestion of licorice may result in sodium and water retention, hypertension, hypokalemia, and suppression of the renin-aldosterone system.1 , 2 It was thought for years that licorice produced these effects through the binding of its active components, glycyrrhizic acid and its hydrolytic metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid, to mineralocorticoid receptors. Two findings, however, argue against this proposed mechanism. First, the affinity of glycyrrhetinic acid, the most active component of licorice, for mineralocorticoid receptors is 0.01 percent of that of aldosterone.3 Second, licorice, or glycyrrhetinic acid, does not have mineralocorticoid effects in patients with Addison's disease2 or adrenalectomized rats1 unless cortisone or hydrocortisone is . . .
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Arriza, J. L., Weinberger, C., Cerelli, G., Glaser, T. M., Handelin, B. L., Housman, D. E., & Evans, R. M. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3037703 · Cited by 1,946
Mineralocorticoid action: target tissue specificity is enzyme, not receptor, mediated
Funder, J. W., Pearce, P. T., Smith, R., & Smith, A. I. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2845584 · Cited by 1,628
Edwards, C. R. W., Burt, D., Mcintyre, M. A., De Kloet, E. R., Stewart, P. M., Brett, L., Sutanto, W. S., & Monder, C. (1988) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90742-8 · Cited by 1,068
Stewart, P., Valentino, R., Wallace, A. M., Burt, D., Shackleton, C. L., & Edwards, C. W. (1987) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91014-2 · Cited by 803
Self-citationSTOCKIGT, J. R., COLLINS, R. D., & BIGLIERI, E. G. (1971) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.28.5_suppl_2.ii-175 · Cited by 198
Self-citationAFFINITY OF LIQUORICE DERIVATIVES FOR MINERALOCORTICOID AND GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS
Armanini, D., Karbowiak, I., & Funder, J. W. (1983) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1983.tb00038.x · Cited by 157
Monder, C., Shackleton, C. H. L., Bradlow, H. L., New, M. I., Stoner, E., Iohan, F., & Lakshmi, V. M. (1986) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-63-3-550 · Cited by 145
Self-citation11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: Fact or fancy?
Monder, C., & Shackleton, C. H. L. (1984) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/s0039-128x(84)80001-x · Cited by 129
Self-citationSYNERGISTIC ACTION OF LIQUORICE AND CORTISONE IN ADDISON'S AND SIMMONDS'S DISEASE
Borst, J. G. G., Vries, L. A. D., ten Holt, S. P., & MOLHUYSEN, J. A. (1953) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(53)91800-5 · Cited by 101
EFFECTS OF LIQUORICE AND ITS DERIVATIVES ON SALT AND WATER METABOLISM
Card, W. I., Strong, J. A., Tompsett, S. L., Mitchell, W. D., Taylor, N. R. W., & Wilson, J. M. G. (1953) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(53)91801-7 · Cited by 100
Cited by
Miller, L. G. (1998) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.158.20.2200 · Cited by 809
11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase
Stewart, P. M., & Krozowski, Z. S. (1997) · Vitamins & Hormones · doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60646-9 · Cited by 718
11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase and the Syndrome of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess*
White, P. C., Mune, T., & Agarwal, A. K. (1997) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.18.1.0288 · Cited by 517
Hypertension and the cortisol-cortisone shuttle
Quinkler, M., & Stewart, P. M. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030138 · Cited by 286
Toxicological Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Review
Nazari, S., Rameshrad, M., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2017) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.5893 · Cited by 266
Metadata
- Authors
- Farese, R. V., Biglieri, E. G., Shackleton, C. H. L., Irony, I., & Gomez-Fontes, R.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1991-10-24
- Volume
- 325
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 1223-1227
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2067587122
- Cited by
- 295
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 12.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Licorice-Induced Hypermineralocorticoidism. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1056/nejm199110243251706
- The paper
- Farese, R. V., Biglieri, E. G., Shackleton, C. H. L., Irony, I., & Gomez-Fontes, R. (1991). Licorice-Induced Hypermineralocorticoidism. New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199110243251706
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
