Herbal Medicinals: Selected Clinical Considerations Focusing on Known or Potential Drug-Herb Interactions

Unconventional medicine in the United States-Prevalence, costs, and patterns of use

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Martindale. The Extra Pharmacopoeia.

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St John's wort for depression—an overview and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

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A Placebo-Controlled, Double-blind, Randomized Trial of an Extract of Ginkgo Biloba for Dementia

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MINERALOCORTICOID ACTIVITY OF LIQUORICE: 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY COMES OF AGE

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Ginseng Therapy in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Patients: Effects on psychophysical performance, glucose homeostasis, serum lipids, serum aminoterminalpropeptide concentration, and body weight

Sotaniemi, E. A., Haapakoski, E., & Rautio, A. (1995) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.18.10.1373 · Cited by 372 · see citing works

Are reactive oxygen species involved in Alzheimer's disease?

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Ginger treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum

Fischer-Rasmussen, W., Kjær, S. K., Dahl, C., & Asping, U. (1991) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/0028-2243(91)90202-v · Cited by 358 · see citing works

Spontaneous bilateral subdural hematomas associated with chronic Ginkgo biloba ingestion

Rowin, J., & Lewis, S. L. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.46.6.1775 · Cited by 349 · see citing works

Spontaneous Hyphema Associated with Ingestion of<i>Ginkgo biloba</i>Extract

Rosenblatt, M., & Mindel, J. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199704103361518 · Cited by 341 · see citing works

A meta-analysis of the effect of garlic on blood pressure

Silagy, C., & Neil, H. A. W. (1994) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199404000-00017 · Cited by 340 · see citing works

Probable interaction between warfarin and ginseng

Janetzky, K., & Morreale, A. P. (1997) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.1093/ajhp/54.6.692 · Cited by 329 · see citing works

Licorice-Induced Hypermineralocorticoidism

Farese, R. V., Biglieri, E. G., Shackleton, C. H. L., Irony, I., & Gomez-Fontes, R. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199110243251706 · Cited by 293 · see citing works

Efficacy of feverfew as prophylactic treatment of migraine.

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Ginseng abuse syndrome. Problems with the panacea

Siegel, R. (1979) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.241.15.1614 · Cited by 269 · see citing works

Coma from the Health Food Store: Interaction between Kava and Alprazolam

Almeida, J. C., & Grimsley, E. W. (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-125-11-199612010-00023 · Cited by 262 · see citing works

In vitro effects of echinacea and ginseng on natural killer and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in healthy subjects and chronic fatigue syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients

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Subarachnoid haemorrhage associated with Ginkgo biloba

Vale, S. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)79516-7 · Cited by 239 · see citing works

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma with associated platelet dysfunction from excessive garlic ingestion

Rose, K. D., Croissant, P. D., Parliament, C. F., & Levin, M. B. (1990) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1097/00006123-199005000-00026 · Cited by 236 · see citing works

Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) improves sleep quality in man

Leathwood, P. D., Chauffard, F., Heck, E., & Munoz-Box, R. (1982) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(82)90264-7 · Cited by 229 · see citing works

Improvement in glucose tolerance due to Momordica charantia (karela).

Leatherdale, B. A., Panesar, R. K., Singh, G., Atkins, T. W., Bailey, C. J., & Bignell, A. H. C. (1981) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.282.6279.1823 · Cited by 225 · see citing works

Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea

Stimpel, M., Proksch, A., Wagner, H., & Lohmann-Matthes, M. L. (1984) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.46.3.845-849.1984 · Cited by 223 · see citing works

Zinc Gluconate Lozenges for Treating the Common Cold

Mossad, S. B., Macknin, M. L., Mendendorp, S. V., & Mason, P. (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-125-2-199607150-00001 · Cited by 223 · see citing works

MOTION SICKNESS, GINGER, AND PSYCHOPHYSICS

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A Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761) Prevents Mitochondrial Aging by Protecting Against Oxidative Stress

Sastre, J., Millan, A., de la Asunción, J. G., Plá, R. C. I., Juan, G., Pallardó, F. V., O’Connor, E., Martín, J. A., Droy‐Lefaix, M., & Viña, J. (1998) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(97)00228-1 · Cited by 206 · see citing works

Ginger root—a new antiemetic The effect of ginger root on postoperative nausea and vomiting after major gynaecological surgery

Bone, M., Wilkinson, D., Young, J. R., McNeil, J., & Charlton, S. (1990) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14395.x · Cited by 193 · see citing works

Glycyrrhizin, an active component of licorice roots, reduces morbidity and mortality of mice infected with lethal doses of influenza virus

Utsunomiya, T., Kobayashi, M., Pollard, R. B., et al. (1997) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.41.3.551 · Cited by 190 · see citing works

Effect of garlic on human platelet aggregation in vitro arun bordia

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Ginger Root Against Seasickness: A Conctrolled Trial on the Open Sea

Grøntved, A., Brask, T., Kambskard, J., et al. (1988) · Acta Oto-Laryngologica · doi:10.3109/00016488809119444 · Cited by 174 · see citing works

Garlic, onions and cardiovascular risk factors. A review of the evidence from human experiments with emphasis on commercially available preparations [see comments]

Kleijnen, J., Knipschild, P. G., & ter Riet, G. (1989) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03539.x · Cited by 168 · see citing works

Effect of valerian on human sleep

Balderer, G., & Borb�ly, A. A. (1985) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00432503 · Cited by 163 · see citing works

Immunologically active polysaccharides of Echinacea purpurea cell cultures

Wagner, H., Stuppner, H., Schäfer, W., et al. (1988) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/0031-9422(88)80601-0 · Cited by 161 · see citing works

Kavapyrone enriched extract fromPiper methysticum as modulator of the GABA binding site in different regions of rat brain

JUSSOFIE, A., Schmiz, A., & Hiemke, C. (1994) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02247480 · Cited by 157 · see citing works

Elevated serum digoxin levels in a patient taking digoxin and Siberian ginseng.

McRae, S. J. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 153 · see citing works

Licorice-Induced Hypertension and Syndromes of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess

Walker, B. R., & Edwards, C. R. W. (1994) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(18)30102-6 · Cited by 153 · see citing works

Inhibition of androgen metabolism and binding by a liposterolic extract of “serenoa repens B” in human foreskin fibroblasts

Sultan, C., Terraza, A., Devillier, C., et al. (1984) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(84)90264-4 · Cited by 143 · see citing works

Beneficial Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Serum Triglyceride Levels in NIDDM

Lee, N. A., & Reasner, C. A. (1994) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.17.12.1449 · Cited by 141 · see citing works

Aqueous Extract of Valerian Reduces Latency to Fall Asleep in Man

Leathwood, P. D., & Chauffard, F. (1985) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2007-969430 · Cited by 140 · see citing works

Studies on the mechanism of the hypoglycemic activity of ginsenoside-Rb2 in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

Yokozawa, T., Kobayashi, T., Oura, H., et al. (1985) · Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/cpb.33.869 · Cited by 129 · see citing works

A double‐blind trial of an extract of the plant Serenoa repens in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Champault, G., Patel, J., & Am, B. (1984) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02491.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works

Immunomodulatory effects of Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer in the mouse

Jie, Y. H., Cammisuli, S., & Baggiolini, M. (1984) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/bf01972376 · Cited by 126 · see citing works

Antiplatelet Components inPanex ginseng

Kuo, S., Teng, C., Lee, J., et al. (1990) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2006-960916 · Cited by 126 · see citing works

The chemistry, pharmacology, and commercial formulations of chamomile

Mann, C., & Staba, E. J. (1986) · Cited by 120 · see citing works

Ginseng face cream and unexplained vaginal bleeding

Hopkins, M. P., Androff, L., & Benninghoff, A. S. (1988) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(88)90426-7 · Cited by 111 · see citing works

St John's wort as an antidepressant

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Inhibition of MAO by Fractions and Constituents of Hypericum Extract

Bladt, S., & Wagner, H. (1994) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/089198879400700115 · Cited by 111 · see citing works

Kava Pyrones and Resin: Studies on GABAA, GABAB and Benzodiazepine Binding Sites in Rodent Brain

Davies, L. P., Drew, C. A., Duffield, P., Johnston, G. A. R., & Jamieson, D. (1992) · Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1992.tb00530.x · Cited by 110 · see citing works

Immunomodulatory Activity ofPanax ginsengExtract

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INTERACTION BETWEEN CURRY INGREDIENT (KARELA) AND DRUG (CHLORPROPAMIDE)

Aslam, M., & Stockley, I. H. (1979) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)91028-6 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

Parthenolide Content and Bioactivity of Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip.). Estimation of Commercial and Authenticated Feverfew Products

Heptinstall, S., Awang, D. V. C., Dawson, B. A., et al. (1992) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb03631.x · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Ginger: Inhibition of thromboxane synthetase and stimulation of prostacyclin: Relevance for medicine and psychiatry

Backon, J. (1986) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/0306-9877(86)90043-5 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Extracts of feverfew may inhibit platelet behaviour via neutralization of sulphydryl groups

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A Comparison of the Effects of an Extract of Feverfew and Parthenolide, a Component of Feverfew, on Human Platelet Activity In-vitro

Groenewegen, W. A., & Heptinstall, S. (1990) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb07057.x · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Inhibition by zinc of rhinovirus protein cleavage: interaction of zinc with capsid polypeptides

Korant, B. D., & Butterworth, B. E. (1976) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.18.1.298-306.1976 · Cited by 102 · see citing works

Evaluation of Commercial Ginseng Products

Liberti, L. E., & Marderosian, A. D. (1978) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600671050 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Botanical Safety Handbook

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Tobacco Chewer's Hypokalemia: Licorice Revisited

Blachley, J. D., & Knöchel, J. P. (1980) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198004033021405 · Cited by 97 · see citing works

Ginseng and Vaginal Bleeding

Greenspan, E. M. (1983) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1983.03330390026012 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of Panaxans Q, R, S, T AND U, glycans of Panax ginseng roots

Konno, C., Miki, M., Oshima, Y., et al. (1985) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0378-8741(85)90030-3 · Cited by 93 · see citing works

Occurrence of Neurotoxic 4′-O-Methylpyridoxine inGinkgo bilobaLeaves,GinkgoMedications and JapaneseGinkgoFood

Arenz, A., Klein, M., Fiehe, K., et al. (1996) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2006-957967 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase in leukocytes by feverfew

Sumner, H., Salan, Ü., KNIGHT, D. W., & Hoult, J. R. S. (1992) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(92)90308-6 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Garlic as a natural agent for the treatment of hypertension: a preliminary report.

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Gin Seng and mastalgia.

Palmer, B. V., Montgomery, A. C., & Monteiro, J. C. (1978) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6122.1284 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Pharmaceutical Quality of Hypericum Extracts

Wagner, H., & Bladt, S. (1994) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/089198879400700118 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

Central hypertensinogenic effects of glycyrrhizic acid and carbenoxolone

Gómez-Sánchez, E. P., & Gómez-Sánchez, C. E. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2006.263.6.e1125 · Cited by 80 · see citing works

Adverse reactions and interactions with herbal medicines. Part 1. Adverse reactions.

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Analysis of a clinically important interaction between phenytoin and Shankhapushpi, an Ayurvedic preparation

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In vitro activity of zinc salts against human rhinoviruses

Geist, F. C., Bateman, J. A., & Hayden, F. G. (1987) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.31.4.622 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

Vertigo-Reducing Effect of Ginger Root

Grøntved, A., & Hentzer, E. (2010) · ORL · doi:10.1159/000275883 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

POSITIVE INTERACTION OF ETHANOL AND KAVA RESIN IN MICE

Jamieson, D., & Duffield, P. H. (1990) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1990.tb01350.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism

Wash, L. K., & Bernard, J. (1975) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.1093/ajhp/32.1.73 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Benefit-risk assessment of the squeezed sap of the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) for long-term oral immunostimulation

Parnham, M. J. (1996) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/s0944-7113(96)80020-1 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Anaphylactic reaction to chamomile tea

Benner, M. H., & Lee, H. J. (1973) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/0091-6749(73)90050-x · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Anti-inflammatory activity of a polysaccharidic fraction of Echinacea angustifolia

Tubaro, A., Tragni, E., Negro, P. D., et al. (1987) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1987.tb03182.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works

The effects of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in rats

Lo, A. C. T., Chan, K., Yeung, J. H. K., et al. (1992) · European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.1007/bf03190157 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Chromium, glucose tolerance, and diabetes

Anderson, R. A. (1992) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/bf02784583 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Kava-induced dermopathy: a niacin deficiency?

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Ginseng as a cause for Stevens-Johnson syndrome?

Dega, H., Laporte, J.-L., Francès, C., Herson, S., & Chosidow, O. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91001-6 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

The Ginsenosides of Various Ginseng Plants and Selected Products

Lui, J. H. C., & Staba, E. J. (1980) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/np50009a004 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Induction of interferon-γ in human leukocyte cultures stimulated by Zn2+

Salas, M., & Kirchner, H. (1987) · Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/0090-1229(87)90120-6 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Gossypol in female fertility control: Ovum implantation and early pregnancy inhibited in rats

Lin, Y. C., Fukaya, T., Rikihisa, Y., et al. (1985) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(85)90623-x · Cited by 66 · see citing works

EXTRACT OF FEVERFEW INHIBITS PROSTAGLANDIN BIOSYNTHESIS

COLLIER, H. O. J., BUTT, N. M., McDonald-Gibson, W. J., et al. (1980) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(80)92084-x · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Mutagen and anti-mutagen in ginger, Zingiber officinale

Nakamura, H., & Yamamoto, T. (1982) · Mutation Research Letters · doi:10.1016/0165-7992(82)90016-1 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Partial Structure of Panaxan A, A Hypoglycaemic Glycan ofPanax ginsengRoots1

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Effects of chronic administration of garlic (Allium sativum Linn) on testicular function.

Dixit, V. P., & Joshi, S. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 58 · see citing works

ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS TO GARLIC

Bleumink, E., Doeglas, H. M. G., Klokke, A. H., et al. (1972) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb05089.x · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism in a patient with a normal thyroid gland

Shilo, S., & Hirsch, H. J. (1986) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.62.729.661 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Antiviral Activity of Aloe Extracts against Cytomegalovirus

Saoo, K., Miki, H., Ohmori, M., & Winters, W. D. (1996) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1573(199606)10:4 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Body-sodium and Blood Volume in a Patient with Licorice-induced Hypertension

Beretta-Piccoli, C., Salvad, G., Pl, C., & Weidmann, P. U. (1985) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-198502000-00004 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Inhibition of the “Mineralocorticoid” Activity of Licorice by Spironolactone

Salassa, R. M., Mattox, V. R., & Rosevear, J. W. (1962) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-22-11-1156 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

NCDEU update. Natural product formulations available in europe for psychotropic indications.

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Zinc Gluconate Lozenges for Treating the Common Cold

Macknin, M. L., Mossad, S. B., & Medendorp, S. V. (1997) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-126-9-199705010-00016 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

An evaluation of the side effects of garlic as an antihypertensive agent.

Ruffin, J., & Hunter, S. A. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Unsaturated Pyrrolizidines from Borage (Borago officinalis), a Common Garden Herb

Larson, K. M., Roby, M. R., & Stermitz, F. R. (1984) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/np50034a045 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Dietary fatty acid supplementation alters stress reactivity and performance in man.

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Effects of ginsenosides, lectins and Momordica charantia insulin-like peptide on corticosterone production by isolated rat adrenal cells

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Allergy to Chamomile Tea

Casterline, C. L. (1980) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1980.03310040014006 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

DEVELOPMENT OF TOLERANCE TO KAVA IN MICE

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Structure and Stereochemistry of New Sesquiterpene Esters from Echinacea purpurea (L.) M OENCH . (Preliminary communication)

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Ginkgo biloba extract a long term study of chronic cerebral insufficiency in geriatric patients

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Alfalfa, vitamin E, and autommune disorders

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[Factors which modify the nutritional state of iron: tannin content of herbal teas].

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Isolation and Hypoglycemic Activity of Panaxans M, N, O and P, Glycans ofPanax ginsengRoots

Konno, C., & Hikino, H. (1987) · International Journal of Crude Drug Research · doi:10.3109/13880208709060912 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Lack of Androgenicity of Siberian Ginseng

Waller, D. P. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480170055024 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

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