The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Advances in Diagnostic Imaging and Overestimations of Disease Prevalence and the Benefits of Therapy
Open accessAbstract
Over the past two decades a vast new armamentarium of diagnostic techniques has revolutionized the practice of medicine. The entire human body can now be imaged in exquisite anatomical detail. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography routinely “section” patients into slices less than a centimeter thick. Abnormalities can be detected well before they produce any clinical signs or symptoms. Undoubtedly, these technological advances have enhanced the physician's potential for understanding disease and treating patients. Unfortunately, these technological advances also create confusion that may ultimately be harmful to patients. Consider the case of prostate cancer. Although the prevalence . . .
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The prevalence of any disease increases with the observer’s ability to detect the abnormalities associated with the disease (32).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
Citations
Cites
Boden, S. D., McCowin, P. R., Davis, D. O., Dina, T. S., Mark, A. S., & Wiesel, S. W. (1990) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/00004623-199072080-00008 · Cited by 2,698
Boden, S. D., Davis, D. O., Dina, T. S., Patronas, N. J., & Wiesel, S. W. (1990) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/00004623-199072030-00013 · Cited by 2,103
Feinstein, A. R., Sosin, D. M., & Wells, C. K. (1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198506203122504 · Cited by 1,554
Dorland??s Illustrated Medical Dictionary
Arey, L. B., Burrows, W. O., Greenhill, J. P., & Hewitt, R. M. (1957) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-195712000-00043 · Cited by 1,347
Mammographic screening and mortality from breast cancer: the Malmö mammographic screening trial.
Andersson, I., Aspegren, K., Janzon, L., Landberg, T. G., Lindholm, K., Linell, F., Ljungberg, O., Ranstam, J., & Sigfússon, B. F. (1988) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6654.943 · Cited by 916
Randomized versus historical controls for clinical trials
Sacks, H., Chalmers, T. C., & Smith, H. (1982) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(82)90815-4 · Cited by 834
Cooner, W. H., Mosley, B. R., Rutherford, C. L., Beard, J. H., Pond, H. S., Terry, W. J., Igel, T. C., & Kidd, D. D. (1990) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)40211-4 · Cited by 765
Periodic mammographic follow-up of probably benign lesions: results in 3,184 consecutive cases.
Sickles, E. A. (1991) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.179.2.2014293 · Cited by 556
(1993) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/bf00052433 · Cited by 437
Breast cancer and atypia among young and middle-aged women: a study of 110 medicolegal autopsies
Nielsen, M. B., Thomsen, J. L., Primdahl, S., Dyreborg, U., & Andersen, J. A. (1987) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1987.296 · Cited by 415
The positive predictive value of mammography.
Kopans, D. B. (1992) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.158.3.1310825 · Cited by 415
Bailar, J. C., & Smith, E. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198605083141905 · Cited by 410
Renal cell carcinoma: earlier discovery and increased detection.
Smith, S. J., Bosniak, M. A., Megibow, A. J., Hulnick, D. H., Horii, S. C., & Raghavendra, B. N. (1989) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.170.3.2644658 · Cited by 355
The Cascade Effect in the Clinical Care of Patients
Mold, J. W., & Stein, H. F. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198602203140809 · Cited by 342
Basic Issues in Population Screening for Cancer 2 3
Cole, P. T., & Morrison, A. S. (1980) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/64.5.1263 · Cited by 321
Unexpected High Prevalence of Silent Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Deep Venous Thrombosis
Huisman, M. V., Buller, H. R., ten Cate, J. W., van Royen, E. A., Vreeken, J., Kersten, M. J., & Bakx, R. (1989) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.95.3.498 · Cited by 307
Bosniak, M. A. (1991) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.179.2.2014269 · Cited by 299
Scott, R. A. P., Ashton, H. A., & Kay, D. (1991) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.1800780929 · Cited by 283
Survival and Mortality from Lung Cancer in a Screened Population
Tockman, M. S. (1986) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.89.4_supplement.324s-a · Cited by 274
Prostate cancer: comparison of transrectal US and digital rectal examination for screening.
Lee, F., Littrup, P. J., Torp-Pedersen, S. T., Mettlin, C. J., McHugh, T. A., Gray, J. M., Kumasaka, G. H., & McLeary, R. D. (1988) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.168.2.3293108 · Cited by 270
Kubík, A., Parkin, D. M., Khlat, M., Erban, J., Polák, J., & Adamec, M. (1990) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.2910450107 · Cited by 258
CHANGING INCIDENCE OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY
Melton, L. J., Bickerstaff, L. K., Hollier, L. H., Peenen, H. J. V., Lie, J. T., Pairolero, P. C., Cherry, K. J., & O’Fallon, W. M. (1984) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113902 · Cited by 243
Probabilities of Eventually Developing or Dying of Cancer--United States, 1985
Seidman, H., Mushinski, M. H., Gelb, S. K., & Silverberg, E. (1985) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/canjclin.35.1.36 · Cited by 232
Selective Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms With Physical Examination and Ultrasound
Lederle, F. A. (1988) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.148.8.1753 · Cited by 220
Feldman, A. R., Kessler, L. G., Myers, M. H., & Naughton, M. D. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198611273152206 · Cited by 207
Sickles, E. A., Ominsky, S. H., Sollitto, R. A., Galvin, H. B., & Monticciolo, D. L. (1990) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.175.2.2326455 · Cited by 167
Increased detection of intracranial metastases with intravenous Gd-DTPA.
Healy, M. E., Hesselink, J. R., Press, G. A., & Middleton, M. S. (1987) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.165.3.3317496 · Cited by 152
The Incidence of Benign Renal Nodules (A Clinicopathologic Study)
Xipell, J. M. (1971) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)61327-2 · Cited by 144
A longitudinal analysis of psychological adaptation among. Survivors of cancer
Ell, K., Nishimoto, R. H., Morvay, T., Mantell, J. E., & Hamovitch, M. B. (1989) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19890115)63:2 · Cited by 143
Linver, M. N., Paster, S. B., Rosenberg, R. D., Key, C. R., Stidley, C. A., & King, W. (1992) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.184.1.1609100 · Cited by 139
Biopsy of occult breast lesions. Analysis of 1261 abnormalities
Meyer, J. E. (1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.263.17.2341 · Cited by 131
Meniscal abnormalities in the asymptomatic population at MR imaging.
Kornick, J., Trefelner, E., MCCARTHY, S. M., Lange, R. H., Lynch, K., & Jokl, P. (1990) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.177.2.2217786 · Cited by 125
Evaluation of the Increase in Breast Cancer Incidence in Relation to Mammography Use
WHITE, E. W., Lee, C. Y., & Kristal, A. R. (1990) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/82.19.1546 · Cited by 122
Some Pitfalls in the Evaluation of Screening Programs
Feinleib, M., & Zelen, M. (1969) · Archives of Environmental Health An International Journal · doi:10.1080/00039896.1969.10666863 · Cited by 120
Liver metastasis detection: comparative sensitivities of MR imaging and CT scanning.
Reinig, J. W., Dwyer, A. J., Miller, D. L., White, M., Frank, J. A., Sugarbaker, P. H., Chang, A. E., & Doppman, J. L. (1987) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.162.1.3786786 · Cited by 108
Outcome analysis of patients with normal compression US examinations.
Vaccaro, J. P., Cronan, J. J., & Dorfman, G. S. (1990) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.175.3.2188294 · Cited by 88
Is earlier diagnosis really better? The misleading effects of lead time and length biases.
Black, W. C., & Ling, A. (1990) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.155.3.2117366 · Cited by 56
Breast cancer survival among women under age 50: is mammography detrimental?
McCarthy, K. A., Hall, D. A., Pile-Spellman, E. R., White, G., Hulka, C. A., Whitman, G., Kopans, D. B., Stacey-Clear, A., & Mahoney, E. (1992) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)93008-b · Cited by 41
Unrecognized Renal Cell Carcinoma
Hellsten, S., Berge, T., & Wehlin, L. (1981) · Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.3109/00365598109179615 · Cited by 41
Sensitivity of Mammography and Physical Examination of the Breast for Detecting Breast Cancer
Hicks, M. J. (1979) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1979.03300190020017 · Cited by 34
The Prevalence of Asymptomatic Gallstones in the General Population
Hopper, K. D., Landis, J. R., Meilstrup, J. W., McCAUSLIN, M. A., & Sechtin, A. G. (1991) · Investigative Radiology · doi:10.1097/00004424-199111000-00004 · Cited by 32
Miller, A. B., & SANDERSON, D. R. (1986) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.89.4_supplement.324s · Cited by 29
Control of primary osteosarcoma with chemotherapy
Jaffe, N., Robertson, R., Takaue, Y., Cangır, A., Wallace, S., Carrasco, H., Eftekhari, F., Ayala, A. G., & Wang, A. Z. (1985) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19850801)56:3 · Cited by 28
Results of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Study in Screening for Early Lung Cancer
Martini, N. (1986) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.89.4_supplement.325s · Cited by 22
Sensitivity of mammography and physical examination of the breast for detecting breast cancer
Hicks, M. J. (1979) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.242.19.2080 · Cited by 12
Holmes-Rovner, M. M. (1990) · Medical Decision Making · doi:10.1177/0272989x9001000313 · Cited by 1
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Cole P, 1980, J Natl Cancer Inst, 64, 1263
- Bottinger LE, 1964, Acta Chir Scand, 127, 158
- Grinnell RS, 1958, Int Abstr Surg, 106, 519
- Miller AB. Screening and detection. In: Bland KI, Copeland EM, eds. The breast. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1991:419.
- National Center for Health Statistics. Vital statistics of the United States, 1986. Vol. 2. Mortality. Part B. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1986. (DHHS publication no. (PHS) 88-1114.)
- Frost JK, 1984, Am Rev Respir Dis, 130, 549
- Flehinger BJ, 1984, Am Rev Respir Dis, 130, 555
- Fontana RS, 1984, Am Rev Respir Dis, 130, 561
- Diagnostic and spectral markers. In: Feinstein AR. Clinical epidemiology: the architecture of clinical research. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1985:597-631.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The evolving tumor microenvironment: From cancer initiation to metastatic outgrowth
de Visser, K. E., & Joyce, J. A. (2023) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.016 · Cited by 4,059
Tumorigenesis and the angiogenic switch
Bergers, G., & Benjamin, L. E. (2003) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1093 · Cited by 3,559
Role of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metastasis
Folkman, J. (2002) · Seminars in Oncology · doi:10.1016/s0093-7754(02)70065-1 · Cited by 2,904
Friends or foes — bipolar effects of the tumour stroma in cancer
Mueller, M. M., & Fusenig, N. E. (2004) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1477 · Cited by 1,817
Zeng, H., Chen, W., Zheng, R., Zhang, S., Ji, J. S., Zou, X., Xia, C., Sun, K., Yang, Z., Li, H., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30127-x · Cited by 1,558
Metadata
- Authors
- Black, W. C., & Welch, H. G.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1993-04-29
- Volume
- 328
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 1237-1243
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2327648646
- Cited by
- 547
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 22.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare cost, quality, practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiology practices and education
- Keywords
- diagnostic imaging, disease prevalence, prostate cancer, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, incidental finding
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Decision Making, Diagnostic Imaging, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Thyroid Neoplasms, Bias, Prevalence, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review