A 1980 Letter on the Risk of Opioid Addiction
Open accessAbstract
A five-sentence letter published in the Journal in 1980 has been heavily cited as evidence that long-term opioid therapy has seldom been associated with addiction. Of the 608 citations, 72.2% used the letter uncritically as evidence that such addiction was rare.
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Leung et al. found most citations to a five-sentence letter purporting to show opioids as non-addictive were uncritically citing the work.
“Leung et. al ( 12 ) analyzed the citations made to a five-sentence letter purporting to show opioids as non-addictive ( 13 ) , finding that most citations were uncritically citing the work.”
From scite: a smart citation index that displays the context of citations and classifies their intent using deep learning (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
As of 2017, fewer than 20% of those citations acknowledged that the report was restricted to the hospital setting and does not apply to the in-home use where much of opioid addiction arises.
“As of 2017, fewer than 20% of those citations acknowledged that the report was restricted to the hospital setting and does not apply to the in-home use where much of opioid addiction arises (79).”
From Misinformation in and about science (2021) · cites this paper as [79]
Quotation errors are more serious than citation errors.
“Quotation errors are more serious than citation errors”
From Quotation Errors in High-Impact-Factor Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Journals (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
Quotation errors may mislead readers and have the potential to affect patient care.
“as they may mislead readers and have the potential to affect patient care1,3-5”
From Quotation Errors in High-Impact-Factor Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Journals (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
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What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [5]Meier B. In guilty plea, OxyContin maker to pay $600 million.New York Times.May 10, 2007 (http://www .nytimes.com/2007/ 05/ 10/ business/ 11drug-web .html).DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1700150 Figure 1.Number and Type of Citations of the 1980 Letter, According to Year.Shown are number of citations of a 1980 letter to the Journal in which the correspondents claimed that opioid therapy rarely resulted in addiction.The citations are categorized according to whether the authors of the articles affirmed or negated the correspondents' conclusion about opioids.Details about "other" citation categories are provided in Section 2 in the Supplementary Appendix.
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“Leung, Macdonald et al. (2017) analyzed the citations made to a five-sentence letter purporting to show opioids as nonaddictive (Porter & Jick, 1980), finding that most citations were uncritically citing the work.”
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Prescription opioid use among drivers in British Columbia, 1997–2016
Staples, J. A., Erdelyi, S., Moe, J., Khan, M., Chan, H., & Brubacher, J. R. (2021) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043989 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hussain, M., & Bowker, G. C. (2021) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/20539517211031258 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Citation Misuses in the Biomedical Literature and Its Effects on Public Health
Dumas-Mallet, E., & Gonon, F. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99680-2_42 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Leung, P. T. M., Macdonald, E. M., Stanbrook, M. B., Dhalla, I. A., & Juurlink, D. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (CA)
- Sunnybrook Research Institute (CA)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 376
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 2194-2195
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2618923223
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 11
- FWCI
- 26.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Keywords
- opioid use disorder, long-term opioid therapy, opioid prescribing, addiction risk
- MeSH terms
- Analgesics, Opioid, Humans, Opioid-Related Disorders, Risk, Bibliometrics, History, 20th Century, Chronic Pain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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