The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness and the Test-Negative Design
Open accessAbstract
Observational studies are emerging as fundamental sources of information about vaccine effectiveness outside the controlled environment of randomized trials, and they are being used to generate evi...
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“The test-negative design, which does not assume that a lack of a positive test equals a negative test and somewhat adjusts for testing volume, attempts to better mitigate this bias and is the reason we chose this method for this analysis”
From Waning effectiveness of the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (2022) · cites this paper as [24]
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Citations
Cites
The test-negative design for estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness
Jackson, M. L., & Nelson, J. C. (2013) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.053 · Cited by 510
Prevention and Attenuation of Covid-19 with the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 Vaccines
Thompson, M. G., Burgess, J. L., Naleway, A. L., Tyner, H. L., Yoon, S. K., Meece, J. K., Olsho, L. E. W., Caban-Martinez, A. J., Fowlkes, A., Lutrick, K., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2107058 · Cited by 482
Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines in Ambulatory and Inpatient Care Settings
Thompson, M. G., Stenehjem, E. A., Grannis, S. J., Ball, S. W., Naleway, A. L., Ong, T. C., DeSilva, M. B., Natarajan, K., Bozio, C. H., Lewis, N., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2110362 · Cited by 467
Sullivan, S. G., Tchetgen, E. J. T., & Cowling, B. J. (2016) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kww064 · Cited by 337
Understanding COVID-19 vaccine efficacy
Lipsitch, M., & Dean, N. E. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abe5938 · Cited by 230
Self-citationThe Use of Test-negative Controls to Monitor Vaccine Effectiveness
Chua, H., Feng, S., Lewnard, J. A., Sullivan, S. G., Blyth, C. C., Lipsitch, M., & Cowling, B. J. (2019) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000001116 · Cited by 165
Theoretical Framework for Retrospective Studies of the Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Lewnard, J. A., Patel, M. M., Jewell, N. P., Verani, J. R., Kobayashi, M., Tenforde, M. W., Dean, N. E., Cowling, B. J., & Lopman, B. A. (2021) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000001366 · Cited by 103
Self-citationVandenbroucke, J. P., & Pearce, N. E. (2019) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000001088 · Cited by 78
Vaccine effectiveness studies in the field
Evans, S. J. W., & Jewell, N. P. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme2110605 · Cited by 65
Schnitzer, M. E., Harel, D., Ho, V., Koushik, A., & Merckx, J. (2021) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000001385 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Robins JM. Comment on “choice as an alternative to control in observational studies.” Stat Sci 1999;14:281-293 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2676763).
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Waning of BNT162b2 Vaccine Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Qatar
Chemaitelly, H., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., AlMukdad, S., Yassine, H. M., Benslimane, F. M., Al Khatib, H. A., Coyle, P., Ayoub, H. H., Al Kanaani, Z., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2114114 · Cited by 831
BNT162b2 Protection against the Omicron Variant in Children and Adolescents
Price, A. M., Olson, S. M., Newhams, M. M., Halasa, N., Boom, J. A., Sahni, L. C., Pannaraj, P. S., Irby, K., Bline, K., Maddux, A. B., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2202826 · Cited by 229
Bruxvoort, K. J., Sy, L. S., Qian, L., Ackerson, B. K., Luo, Y., Lee, G. S., Tian, Y., Florea, A., Aragones, M., Tubert, J. E., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-068848 · Cited by 230
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Critical Covid-19 in Adolescents
Olson, S. M., Newhams, M. M., Halasa, N., Price, A. M., Boom, J. A., Sahni, L. C., Pannaraj, P. S., Irby, K., Walker, T. C., Schwartz, S. P., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2117995 · Cited by 196
Waning effectiveness of the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine
Patalon, T., Saciuk, Y., Peretz, A., Perez, G., Lurie, Y., Maor, Y., & Gazit, S. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30884-6 · Cited by 143
Metadata
- Authors
- Dean, N. E., Hogan, J. W., & Schnitzer, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hogan, Joseph W.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2021-10-07
- Volume
- 385
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1431-1433
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC8451180
- OpenAlex
- W3196352038
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 6
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI139761, P30AI042853)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine effectiveness, test-negative design, observational studies, SARS-CoV-2
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, Hospitalization, Humans, Case-Control Studies
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