The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Misrepresenting Race — The Role of Medical Schools in Propagating Physician Bias
Open accessAbstract
Misrepresenting Race Medical education and practice have not evolved to reflect advances in understanding of the relationships among race, racism, and health. Instead, race remains one of the most ...
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions
Bailey, Z. D., Krieger, N., Agénor, M., Graves, J., Linos, N., & Bassett, M. T. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30569-x · Cited by 5,203
Racial Residential Segregation: A Fundamental Cause of Racial Disparities in Health
Williams, D. R., & Collins, C. (2001) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1093/phr/116.5.404 · Cited by 3,153
Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Paradies, Y., Ben, J., Denson, N., Elias, A., Priest, N., Pieterse, A., Gupta, A., Kelaher, M., & Gee, G. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138511 · Cited by 2,610
Hoffman, K. M., Trawalter, S., Axt, J. R., & Oliver, M. N. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1516047113 · Cited by 2,486
Racism and health: evidence and needed research
Williams, D. R., Lawrence, J. A., & Davis, B. A. (2019) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-043750 · Cited by 2,398
(2005) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565895.001.0001 · Cited by 2,155
Structural competency: Theorizing a new medical engagement with stigma and inequality
Metzl, J. M., & Hansen, H. (2014) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.032 · Cited by 1,873
Hidden in Plain Sight — Reconsidering the Use of Race Correction in Clinical Algorithms
Vyas, D. A., Eisenstein, L. G., & Jones, D. S. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmms2004740 · Cited by 1,731
Self-citationPhysicians and Implicit Bias: How Doctors May Unwittingly Perpetuate Health Care Disparities
Chapman, E. N., Kaatz, A., & Carnes, M. (2013) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-013-2441-1 · Cited by 1,300
Kuzawa, C. W., & Sweet, E. (2009) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.20822 · Cited by 701
Cited by
Eliminating Explicit and Implicit Biases in Health Care: Evidence and Research Needs
Vela, M. B., Erondu, A. I., Smith, N. A., Peek, M. E., Woodruff, J. N., & Chin, M. H. (2022) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052620-103528 · Cited by 426
“They learn to use race-based algorithms to calculate glomerular filtration rates, pulmonary function testing, hypertension guidelines, and even urinary tract infection diagnoses in pediatric populations (2).”
MethodRace, genetic ancestry, and estimating kidney function in CKD
Hsu, C.-Y., Yang, W., Parikh, R. V., Anderson, A. H., Chen, T. K., Cohen, D. L., He, J., Mohanty, M. J., Lash, J. P., Mills, K. T., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2103753 · Cited by 241
Eliminating Race-Based Medicine
Wright, J. L., Davis, W. S., Joseph, M. M., Ellison, A. M., Heard-Garris, N. J., Johnson, T. L., & the AAP Board Committee on Equity (2022) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2022-057998 · Cited by 140
Is obesity a manifestation of systemic racism? A ten‐point strategy for study and intervention
Aaron, D. G., & Stanford, F. C. (2021) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.13270 · Cited by 61
Clinical use of artificial intelligence requires AI-capable organizations
Novak, L. L., Russell, R. G., Garvey, K., Patel, M., Thomas Craig, K. J., Snowdon, J., & Miller, B. (2023) · JAMIA Open · doi:10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad028 · Cited by 43
Metadata
- Authors
- Amutah, C., Greenidge, K., Mante, A., Munyikwa, M., Surya, S. L., Higginbotham, E., Jones, D. S., Lavizzo-Mourey, R., Roberts, D., Tsai, J., & Aysola, J.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2021-03-04
- Volume
- 384
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 872-878
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W3118723522
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 47
- FWCI
- 31.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Misrepresenting Race — The Role of Medical Schools in Propagating Physician Bias. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1056/nejmms2025768
- The paper
- Amutah, C., Greenidge, K., Mante, A., Munyikwa, M., Surya, S. L., Higginbotham, E., Jones, D. S., Lavizzo-Mourey, R., Roberts, D., Tsai, J., & Aysola, J. (2021). Misrepresenting Race — The Role of Medical Schools in Propagating Physician Bias. New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmms2025768
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.