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Cited by 2,446

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prevalence of Prostate Cancer among Men with a Prostate-Specific Antigen Level ≤4.0 ng per Milliliter

Thompson, Ian M., Pauler, Donna K., Goodman, Phyllis J., Tangen, Catherine M., Lucia, M. Scott, Parnes, Howard L., Minasian, Lori M., Ford, Leslie G., Lippman, Scott M., Crawford, E. David, Crowley, John J., Coltman, Charles A.·2004·New England Journal of Medicine
DOI 10.1056/nejmoa031918
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The optimal upper limit of the normal range for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is unknown. We investigated the prevalence of prostate cancer among men in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial who had a PSA level of 4.0 ng per milliliter or less. METHODS: Of 18,882 men enrolled in the prevention trial, 9459 were randomly assigned to receive placebo and had an annual measurement of PSA and a digital rectal examination. Among these 9459 men, 2950 men never had a PSA level of more than 4.0 ng per milliliter or an abnormal digital rectal examination, had a final PSA determination, and underwent a prostate biopsy after being in the study for seven years. RESULTS: Among the 2950 men (age range, 62 to 91 years), prostate cancer was diagnosed in 449 (15.2 percent); 67 of these 449 cancers (14.9 percent) had a Gleason score of 7 or higher. The prevalence of prostate cancer was 6.6 percent among men with a PSA level of up to 0.5 ng per milliliter, 10.1 percent among those with values of 0.6 to 1.0 ng per milliliter, 17.0 percent among those with values of 1.1 to 2.0 ng per milliliter, 23.9 percent among those with values of 2.1 to 3.0 ng per milliliter, and 26.9 percent among those with values of 3.1 to 4.0 ng per milliliter. The prevalence of high-grade cancers increased from 12.5 percent of cancers associated with a PSA level of 0.5 ng per milliliter or less to 25.0 percent of cancers associated with a PSA level of 3.1 to 4.0 ng per milliliter. CONCLUSIONS: Biopsy-detected prostate cancer, including high-grade cancers, is not rare among men with PSA levels of 4.0 ng per milliliter or less--levels generally thought to be in the normal range.

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Metadata

Authors
Thompson, I. M., Pauler, D. K., Goodman, P. J., Tangen, C. M., Lucia, M. S., Parnes, H. L., Minasian, L. M., Ford, L. G., Lippman, S. M., Crawford, E. D., Crowley, J. J., & Coltman, C. A.
Venue
New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher
Massachusetts Medical Society
Published
2004-05-27
Volume
350
Issue
22
Pages
2239-2246
ISSN
  • 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
  • 1533-4406
DOI
10.1056/nejmoa031918
OpenAlex
W2140687262
Cited by
2,446
References
1
FWCI
118.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Prevalence of Prostate Cancer among Men with a Prostate-Specific Antigen Level ≤4.0 ng per Milliliter. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1056/nejmoa031918
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Thompson, I. M., Pauler, D. K., Goodman, P. J., Tangen, C. M., Lucia, M. S., Parnes, H. L., Minasian, L. M., Ford, L. G., Lippman, S. M., Crawford, E. D., Crowley, J. J., & Coltman, C. A. (2004). Prevalence of Prostate Cancer among Men with a Prostate-Specific Antigen Level ≤4.0 ng per Milliliter. New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa031918

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.