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Normal Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels and Type 2 Diabetes in Young Men
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The normal fasting plasma glucose level was recently defined as less than 100 mg per deciliter (5.55 mmol per liter). Whether higher fasting plasma glucose levels within this range independently predict type 2 diabetes in young adults is unclear. METHODS: We obtained blood measurements, data from physical examinations, and medical and lifestyle information from men in the Israel Defense Forces who were 26 to 45 years of age. RESULTS: A total of 208 incident cases of type 2 diabetes occurred during 74,309 person-years of follow-up (from 1992 through 2004) among 13,163 subjects who had baseline fasting plasma glucose levels of less than 100 mg per deciliter. A multivariate model, adjusted for age, family history of diabetes, body-mass index, physical-activity level, smoking status, and serum triglyceride levels, revealed a progressively increased risk of type 2 diabetes in men with fasting plasma glucose levels of 87 mg per deciliter (4.83 mmol per liter) or more, as compared with those whose levels were in the bottom quintile (less than 81 mg per deciliter [4.5 mmol per liter], P for trend <0.001). In multivariate models, men with serum triglyceride levels of 150 mg per deciliter (1.69 mmol per liter) or more, combined with fasting plasma glucose levels of 91 to 99 mg per deciliter (5.05 to 5.50 mmol per liter), had a hazard ratio of 8.23 (95 percent confidence interval, 3.6 to 19.0) for diabetes, as compared with men with a combined triglyceride level of less than 150 mg per deciliter and fasting glucose levels of less than 86 mg per deciliter (4.77 mmol per liter). The joint effect of a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 30 or more and a fasting plasma glucose level of 91 to 99 mg per deciliter resulted in a hazard ratio of 8.29 (95 percent confidence interval, 3.8 to 17.8), as compared with a body-mass index of less than 25 and a fasting plasma glucose level of less than 86 mg per deciliter. CONCLUSIONS: Higher fasting plasma glucose levels within the normoglycemic range constitute an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes among young men, and such levels may help, along with body-mass index and triglyceride levels, to identify apparently healthy men at increased risk for diabetes.
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“Men with FPG values of 4.83-5.05mmol/L (87-91 mg/dL) have a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes, compared with men with FPG values ,4.5 mmol/L (81 mg/dL).”
From Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus (2011) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“More-recent evidence indicates that FPG concentrations even lower than 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) are associated with a graded risk for type 2 diabetes (41).”
From Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus (2011) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“Although the prevalence of diabetes is low at these glucose concentrations, the data support the concept of a continuum between FPG and the risk of diabetes.”
From Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus (2011) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“A categorisation of persons as either ‘normal’ or ‘prediabetic’ (IFG, IGT) neglects the fact that diabetes risk significantly increases for FPG values within the normal range.31”
From Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development (2012) · cites this paper as [31]
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“6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) are associated with a graded risk for type 2 diabetes (41).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Tirosh, A., Shai, I., Tekes-Manova, D., Israeli, E., Pereg, D., Shochat, T., Kochba, I., & Rudich, A.
- Affiliations
- Sheba Medical Center (IL)
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps (IL)
- Meir Medical Center (IL)
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2005-10-06
- Volume
- 353
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 1454-1462
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2022852506
- Semantic Scholar
- 6bb2371f0d6168ca3c8b7a7910714ce03e565a83
- Cited by
- 508
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 21.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- fasting blood glucose, type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, young men, diabetes risk prediction, serum triglycerides, body mass index, hypertriglyceridemia, military personnel, new-onset diabetes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fasting, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Body Mass Index, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models
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