Cited by 1,325Influenza Virus Research StudiesRespiratory viral infections researchCOVID-19 Clinical Research Studies

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Pneumonia and Respiratory Failure from Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) in Mexico

Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, de la Rosa-Zamboni, Daniela, Ponce de Leon, Samuel, Hernandez, Mauricio, Quiñones-Falconi, Francisco, Bautista, Edgar, Ramirez-Venegas, Alejandra, Rojas-Serrano, Jorge, Ormsby, Christopher E., Corrales, Ariel, Higuera, Anjarath, Mondragon, Edgar, Cordova-Villalobos, Jose Angel·2009·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmoa0904252

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: In late March 2009, an outbreak of a respiratory illness later proved to be caused by novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) was identified in Mexico. We describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of persons hospitalized for pneumonia at the national tertiary hospital for respiratory illnesses in Mexico City who had laboratory-confirmed S-OIV infection, also known as swine flu. METHODS: We used retrospective medical chart reviews to collect data on the hospitalized patients. S-OIV infection was confirmed in specimens with the use of a real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction assay. RESULTS: From March 24 through April 24, 2009, a total of 18 cases of pneumonia and confirmed S-OIV infection were identified among 98 patients hospitalized for acute respiratory illness at the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases in Mexico City. More than half of the 18 case patients were between 13 and 47 years of age, and only 8 had preexisting medical conditions. For 16 of the 18 patients, this was the first hospitalization for their illness; the other 2 patients were referred from other hospitals. All patients had fever, cough, dyspnea or respiratory distress, increased serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, and bilateral patchy pneumonia. Other common findings were an increased creatine kinase level (in 62% of patients) and lymphopenia (in 61%). Twelve patients required mechanical ventilation, and seven died. Within 7 days after contact with the initial case patients, a mild or moderate influenza-like illness developed in 22 health care workers; they were treated with oseltamivir, and none were hospitalized. CONCLUSIONS: S-OIV infection can cause severe illness, the acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death in previously healthy persons who are young to middle-aged. None of the secondary infections among health care workers were severe.

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Authors: Perez-Padilla, R., de la Rosa-Zamboni, D., Ponce de Leon, S., Hernandez, M., Quiñones-Falconi, F., Bautista, E., Ramirez-Venegas, A., Rojas-Serrano, J., Ormsby, C. E., Corrales, A., Higuera, A., Mondragon, E., & Cordova-Villalobos, J. A.
ORCID: Bautista, Edgar
Ormsby, Christopher E.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2009-08-13
Volume: 361
Issue: 7
Pages: 680-689
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0904252
OpenAlex: W2162080474
Semantic Scholar: 89e69bd797eb37d8cd32ad46052d7add62ead232
Cited by: 1,325
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 106 · 2012: 164
FWCI: 195.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Keywords: pneumonia, respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hospitalized patients, young and middle-aged adults, healthcare workers, nosocomial transmission, mechanical ventilation, mortality, lymphopenia, creatine kinase, oseltamivir
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Antiviral Agents, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Influenza, Human, Lung, Male, Mexico, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Radiography, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Respiratory Insufficiency, Retrospective Studies, Age Distribution, Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional, APACHE, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Oseltamivir, Young Adult

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Pneumonia and Respiratory Failure from Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) in Mexico

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