Cited by 2,317Obesity, Physical Activity, DietCancer Risks and FactorsDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Body-Mass Index and Mortality among 1.46 Million White Adults

Open access

Berrington de Gonzalez, Amy, Hartge, Patricia, Cerhan, James R., Flint, Alan J., Hannan, Lindsay, MacInnis, Robert J., Moore, Steven C., Tobias, Geoffrey S., Anton-Culver, Hoda, Freeman, Laura Beane, Beeson, W. Lawrence, Clipp, Sandra L., English, Dallas R., Folsom, Aaron R., Freedman, D. Michal, Giles, Graham, Hakansson, Niclas, Henderson, Katherine D., Hoffman-Bolton, Judith, Hoppin, Jane A., Koenig, Karen L., Lee, I-Min, Linet, Martha S., Park, Yikyung, Pocobelli, Gaia, Schatzkin, Arthur, Sesso, Howard D., Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willcox, Bradley J., Wolk, Alicja, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Willett, Walter C., Thun, Michael J.·2010·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1000367PMC PMC3066051

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A high body-mass index (BMI, the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) is associated with increased mortality from cardiovascular disease and certain cancers, but the precise relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality remains uncertain. METHODS: We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for an association between BMI and all-cause mortality, adjusting for age, study, physical activity, alcohol consumption, education, and marital status in pooled data from 19 prospective studies encompassing 1.46 million white adults, 19 to 84 years of age (median, 58). RESULTS: The median baseline BMI was 26.2. During a median follow-up period of 10 years (range, 5 to 28), 160,087 deaths were identified. Among healthy participants who never smoked, there was a J-shaped relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality. With a BMI of 22.5 to 24.9 as the reference category, hazard ratios among women were 1.47 (95 percent confidence interval [CI], 1.33 to 1.62) for a BMI of 15.0 to 18.4; 1.14 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.22) for a BMI of 18.5 to 19.9; 1.00 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.04) for a BMI of 20.0 to 22.4; 1.13 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.17) for a BMI of 25.0 to 29.9; 1.44 (95% CI, 1.38 to 1.50) for a BMI of 30.0 to 34.9; 1.88 (95% CI, 1.77 to 2.00) for a BMI of 35.0 to 39.9; and 2.51 (95% CI, 2.30 to 2.73) for a BMI of 40.0 to 49.9. In general, the hazard ratios for the men were similar. Hazard ratios for a BMI below 20.0 were attenuated with longer-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In white adults, overweight and obesity (and possibly underweight) are associated with increased all-cause mortality. All-cause mortality is generally lowest with a BMI of 20.0 to 24.9.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1056/nejmoa1000367

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies
(2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)15268-3 · Cited by 12,717
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., McDowell, M. A., Tabak, C. J., & Flegal, K. M. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.1549 · Cited by 8,720
Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. Adults
Calle, E. E., Rodriguez, C., Walker-Thurmond, K., & Thun, M. J. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021423 · Cited by 7,696
Self-citation
Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies
Prospective Studies Collaboration (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60318-4 · Cited by 4,807
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States
Crespo, C. J., & Smit, E. (2003) · Human Kinetics eBooks · doi:10.5040/9781718206601.ch-001 · Cited by 4,382
Mortality Results from a Randomized Prostate-Cancer Screening Trial
Andriole, G. L., Crawford, E. D., Grubb, R. L., Buys, S. S., Chia, D., Church, T. R., Fouad, M. N., Gelmann, E. P., Kvale, P. A., Reding, D. J., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0810696 · Cited by 2,922
Lack of Effect of Long-Term Supplementation with Beta Carotene on the Incidence of Malignant Neoplasms and Cardiovascular Disease
Hennekens, C. H., Buring, J. E., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M., Rosner, B., Cook, N. R., Belanger, C., LaMotte, F., Gaziano, J. M., Ridker, P. M., et al. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199605023341801 · Cited by 2,397
Self-citation
General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe
Pischon, T., Boeing, H., Hoffmann, K., Bergmann, M., Schulze, M. B., Overvad, K., van der Schouw, Y. T., Spencer, E., Moons, K. G. M., Tjønneland, A., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0801891 · Cited by 2,155
Overweight, Obesity, and Mortality in a Large Prospective Cohort of Persons 50 to 71 Years Old
Adams, K. F., Schatzkin, A. G., Harris, T. B., Kipnis, V., Mouw, T., Ballard-Barbash, R. R., Hollenbeck, A. R., & Leitzmann, M. F. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa055643 · Cited by 2,147
Self-citation
A Randomized Trial of Low-Dose Aspirin in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women
Ridker, P. M., Cook, N. R., Lee, I.-M., Gordon, D., Gaziano, J. M., Manson, J. E., Hennekens, C. H., & Buring, J. E. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa050613 · Cited by 1,945
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 40 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Giles GG, 2002, IARC Sci Publ, 156, 69
Comstock GW, 1997, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 6, 907

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 1,003

Better Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Could Mitigate the Adverse Consequences of Obesity on Cardiovascular Disease: The SUN Prospective Cohort
Eguaras, S., Toledo, E., Hernández, A., Cervantes, S., & Martínez‐González, M. Á. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7115457 · Cited by 41
Five-Year Outcomes After Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy for Severe Obesity: A Prospective Cohort Study
Flølo, T. N., Andersen, J. R., Kolotkin, R. L., Aasprang, A., Natvig, G. K., Hufthammer, K. O., & Våge, V. (2017) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-017-2605-x · Cited by 41
Impact of body mass index on the clinical outcomes of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer
Martel, S., Poletto, E., Ferreira, A. R., Lambertini, M., Sottotetti, F., Bertolini, I., Montemurro, F., Bernardo, A., Risi, E., Zanardi, E., et al. (2017) · The Breast · doi:10.1016/j.breast.2017.11.004 · Cited by 41
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide 3.0 mg in Individuals with BMI above and below 35 kg/m²: A Post-hoc Analysis
le Roux, C. W., Aroda, V. R., Uddén, J., Cancino, A., Christensen, R. H. B., & Pi-Sunyer, X. (2017) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000478099 · Cited by 41
The Communication, Awareness, Relationships and Empowerment (C.A.R.E.) Model: An Effective Tool for Engaging Urban Communities in Community-Based Participatory Research
Ceasar, J. N., Peters-Lawrence, M. H., Mitchell, V. M., & Powell‐Wiley, T. M. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14111422 · Cited by 41
Quality‐Adjusted Life‐Years Lost Due to Physical Inactivity in a US Population With Osteoarthritis
Losina, E., Silva, G. S., Smith, K. C., Collins, J. E., Hunter, D. J., Shrestha, S., Messier, S. P., Yelin, E., Suter, L. G., Paltiel, A. D., et al. (2019) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.24035 · Cited by 42
Optimal body mass index for minimizing the risk for osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes
Lee, J. H., Kim, J. H., Hong, A. R., Kim, S. W., & Shin, C. S. (2019) · The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.3904/kjim.2018.223 · Cited by 41
A comparison of obesity indices in relation to mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study
Tate, J., Knuiman, M. W., Davis, W. A., Davis, T. M. E., & Bruce, D. G. (2019) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-05057-8 · Cited by 41
Kukoamine B Ameliorate Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Other Metabolic Abnormalities in High-Fat/High-Fructose-Fed Rats
Zhao, Q., Li, L., Zhu, Y. M., Hou, D., Li, Y., Guo, X., Wang, Y., Olatunji, O. J., Wan, P., & Gong, K. (2020) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s247844 · Cited by 41
Double burden of malnutrition among women of reproductive age in 55 low- and middle-income countries: progress achieved and opportunities for meeting the global target
Hasan, M. M., Ahmed, S., Magalhães, R. J. S., Fatima, Y., Biswas, T., & Mamun, A. A. (2021) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-021-00945-y · Cited by 41
Obesity and long‐term outcomes after incident stroke: a prospective population‐based cohort study
Akyea, R. K., Doehner, W., Iyen, B., Weng, S. F., Qureshi, N., & Ntaios, G. (2021) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12818 · Cited by 41
Differences in Resuscitation in Morbidly Obese Burn Patients May Contribute to High Mortality
Rae, L., Pham, T. N., Carrougher, G. J., Honari, S. E., Gibran, N. S., Arnoldo, B. D., Gamelli, R. L., Tompkins, R. G., & Herndon, D. N. (2013) · Journal of Burn Care & Research · doi:10.1097/bcr.0b013e3182a2a771 · Cited by 41
Weight- perception in male career firefighters and its association with cardiovascular risk factors
Baur, D. M., Christophi, C. A., Tsismenakis, A. J., Jahnke, S. A., & Kales, S. N. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-480 · Cited by 41
Long term effects of residential NOx exposure on total and cause-specific mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction in a Swedish cohort
Stockfelt, L., Andersson, E. M., Molnár, P., Rosengren, A., Wilhelmsen, L., Sällsten, G., & Barregård, L. (2015) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.045 · Cited by 41
Trends and Outcomes Associated With Bariatric Surgery and Pharmacotherapies With Weight Loss Effects Among Patients With Heart Failure and Obesity
Mentias, A., Desai, M. Y., Aminian, A., Patel, K. V., Keshvani, N., Verma, S., Cho, L., Jacob, M., Alvarez, P., Lincoff, A. M., et al. (2024) · Circulation: Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.122.010453 · Cited by 40
Correlates of walking among disadvantaged groups: A systematic review
Hilland, T. A., Bourke, M., Wiesner, G., Bengoechea, E. G., Parker, A. G., Pascoe, M. C., & Craike, M. J. (2020) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102337 · Cited by 40
TG/HDL-C ratio as a predictor of stroke in the population with healthy BMI: The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study
Sato, F., Nakamura, Y., Kayaba, K., & Ishikawa, S. (2022) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2022.05.002 · Cited by 40
Association Between Obesity and BRAFV600E Mutation Status in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Lee, J., Lee, C. R., Ku, C. R., Kang, S., Jeong, J. J., Shin, D. Y., Nam, K., Jung, S. G., Lee, E. J., Chung, W. Y., et al. (2015) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-015-4765-z · Cited by 40
Size at birth and abdominal adiposity in adults: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
de França, G. V. A., Restrepo–Méndez, M. C., de Mola, C. L., & Victora, C. G. (2013) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12109 · Cited by 40
Respiratory Symptoms, Spirometric Respiratory Impairment, and Respiratory Disease in Middle‐Aged and Older Persons
Marcus, B. S., McAvay, G., Gill, T. M., & Fragoso, C. A. V. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13242 · Cited by 40
Body mass index and mortality in an ethnically diverse population: the Multiethnic Cohort Study
Park, S., Wilkens, L. R., Murphy, S. P., Monroe, K. R., Henderson, B. E., & Kolonel, L. N. (2012) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-012-9695-5 · Cited by 40
Obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular prognosis: from the Partners coronary computed tomography angiography registry
Hulten, E. A., Bittencourt, M. S., Preston, R., Singh, A., Romagnolli, C., Ghoshhajra, B. B., Shah, R. V., Abbasi, S. A., Abbara, S., Nasir, K., et al. (2017) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0496-8 · Cited by 40
Weight Recidivism After Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: An 11‐Year Experience in a Multiethnic Medical Center
Thomas, D. D., Anderson, W., Apovian, C. M., Hess, D. T., Yu, L., Velazquez, A., Carmine, B. J., & Istfan, N. W. (2018) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22360 · Cited by 40
Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation as the keystone in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Jegier, A., Szalewska, D., Mawlichanów, A., Bednarczyk, T., Eysymontt, Z., Gałaszek, M., Mamcarz, A., Mierzyńska, A., Piotrowicz, E., Piotrowicz, R., et al. (2021) · Kardiologia Polska · doi:10.33963/kp.a2021.0066 · Cited by 40
Evaluation of the Body Adiposity Index in a Caucasian Population: The Hordaland Health Study
Vinknes, K. J., Elshorbagy, A. K., Drevon, C. A., Gjesdal, C. G., Tell, G. S., Nygard, O. K., Vollset, S. E., & Refsum, H. (2013) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kws271 · Cited by 40
Obesity in older adults and life expectancy with and without cardiovascular disease
Dhana, K., Berghout, M. A., Peeters, A., Ikram, M. A., Tiemeier, H. W., Albert Hofman, D., Nusselder, W. J., Kavousi, M., & Franco, O. H. (2016) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.94 · Cited by 45
Ischaemic heart disease in patients with cancer
Ameri, P., Bertero, E., Lombardi, M., Porto, I., Canepa, M., Nohria, A., Vergallo, R., Lyon, A. R., & López‐Fernández, T. (2024) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae047 · Cited by 39
Obesity and Its Comorbidities: Current Treatment Options, Emerging Biological Mechanisms, Future Perspectives and Challenges
Wang, L., Wang, Q., Xiong, Y., Shi, W. F., & Xiao, Q. (2025) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s540103 · Cited by 41
Nutritional Assessment and Factors Associated to Malnutrition in Older Adults
Chavarro‐Carvajal, D. A., Ortiz, C. A. R., Samper‐Ternent, R., Arciniegas, A. J. L., & Cano, C. A. (2014) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264314549661 · Cited by 39
Adolescence BMI and Trends in Adulthood Mortality: A Study of 2.16 Million Adolescents
Twig, G., Afek, A. B., Shamiss, A., Derazne, E., Rabbi, M. L., Tzur, D., Gordon, B., & Tirosh, A. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-1213 · Cited by 40
Imagem corporal, ansiedade e depressão em pacientes obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica
Almeida, S. S., Zanatta, D. P., & Rezende, F. F. (2012) · Estudos de Psicologia (Natal) · doi:10.1590/s1413-294x2012000100019 · Cited by 39
Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Mortality in a Large Multiethnic Postmenopausal Cohort—Results from the Women's Health Initiative
Chen, Z., Klimentidis, Y. C., Bea, J. W., Ernst, K. C., Hu, C., Jackson, R. D., & Thomson, C. A. (2017) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14790 · Cited by 39
Risk factors for achilles tendon rupture: A matched case control study
Noback, P. C., Jang, E. S., Cuellar, D. O., Seetharaman, M., Malagoli, E., Greisberg, J., & Vosseller, J. T. (2017) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2017.08.050 · Cited by 39
The obesity paradox and hypoglycemia in critically ill patients
Plečko, D., Bennett, N., Mårtensson, J., & Bellomo, R. (2021) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03795-z · Cited by 39
Weight loss maintenance in relation to locus of control: The MedWeight study
Anastasiou, C. A., Fappa, E., Karfopoulou, E., Gkza, A., & Yannakoulia, M. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.05.010 · Cited by 39
How Much Should We Weigh for a Long and Healthy Life Span? The Need to Reconcile Caloric Restriction versus Longevity with Body Mass Index versus Mortality Data
Lorenzini, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2014.00121 · Cited by 40
Naltrexone SR/Bupropion SR (Contrave): A New Approach to Weight Loss in Obese Adults.
Ornellas, T., & Chavez, B. (2011) · PubMed Central · Cited by 39
GLP-1 and nicotine combination therapy engages hypothalamic and mesolimbic pathways to reverse obesity
Falk, S., Petersen, J., Svendsen, C., Leguizamón, C. R. R., Jørgensen, S. H., Krauth, N., Ludwig, M. Q., Lundø, K., Roostalu, U., Skovbjerg, G., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112466 · Cited by 38
Navigating obesity: A comprehensive review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, complications and management strategies
Xiao, N., Ding, Y., Cui, B., Li, R., Qu, X.-R., Zhou, H., Au, K.-H., Fan, X.-D., Xie, J.-C., Huang, Y., et al. (2024) · The Innovation Medicine · doi:10.59717/j.xinn-med.2024.100090 · Cited by 39
A Simple Prediction Rule for All-Cause Mortality in a Cohort Eligible for Bariatric Surgery
Padwal, R. S., Klarenbach, S. W., Wang, X., Sharma, A. M., Karmali, S., Birch, D. W., & Majumdar, S. R. (2013) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2013.3953 · Cited by 38
Gastric Bypass for Obesity in the Elderly: Is It as Appropriate as for Young and Middle-Aged Populations?
Robert, M., Pasquer, A., Espalieu, P., Laville, M., Gouillat, C., & Disse, E. (2014) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-014-1247-5 · Cited by 38
A Pooled Analysis of Body Mass Index and Mortality among African Americans
Cohen, S. S., Park, Y., Signorello, L. B., Patel, A. V., Boggs, D. A., Kolonel, L. N., Kitahara, C. M., Knutsen, S. F., Gillanders, E. M., Monroe, K. R., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111980 · Cited by 38
Self-citation
Investigating the relationship between energy expenditure, walking speed and angle of turning in humans
McNarry, M. A., Wilson, R. P., Holton, M. D., Griffiths, I. W., & Mackintosh, K. A. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182333 · Cited by 38
Effects of Body Mass Index on Clinical Outcomes in Female Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents
Faggioni, M., Baber, U., Afshar, A., Giustino, G., Sartori, S., Sorrentino, S., Steg, P. G., Stefanini, G. G., Windecker, S., Leon, M. B., et al. (2017) · JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2017.06.060 · Cited by 38
The Impact of Obesity on the Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Cardiovascular Disease
Paschou, S. Α., Kosmopoulos, M., Nikas, I. P., Spartalis, Μ., Kassi, E., Goulis, D. G., Lambrinoudaki, I. V., & Siasos, G. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11102458 · Cited by 40
Seaweed-derived bioactives as potential energy regulators in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Bermano, G., Stoyanova, T. N., Hennequart, F., & Wainwright, C. L. (2019) · Advances in pharmacology · doi:10.1016/bs.apha.2019.10.002 · Cited by 38
A Review of miRNAs as Biomarkers and Effect of Dietary Modulation in Obesity Associated Cognitive Decline and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Perdoncin, M., Konrad, A., Wyner, J. R., Lohana, S., Pillai, S. S., Pereira, D. G., Lakhani, H. V., & Sodhi, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2021.756499 · Cited by 39
Comparison of three weight maintenance programs on cardiovascular risk, bone and vitamins in sedentary older adults
Christensen, P., Frederiksen, R., Bliddal, H., Riecke, B. F., Bartels, E. M., Henriksen, M., Juul‐S⊘rensen, T., Gudbergsen, H., Winther, K., Astrup, A. V., et al. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20413 · Cited by 38
Obesity Is a Marker of Reduction in QoL and Disability
Sirtori, A., Brunani, A., Villa, V., Berselli, M. E., Croci, M., Leonardi, M., & Raggi, A. (2012) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1100/2012/167520 · Cited by 38
Differential Associations between Body Mass Index and Outcomes after Elective Adult Cardiac Surgery: A Linked Data Cohort Study
Ho, K. M., Bertenshaw, C., Säme, S., Schneider, M. M., Williams, K., Godsell, L., & Hird, K. (2013) · Anaesthesia and Intensive Care · doi:10.1177/0310057x1304100502 · Cited by 38
Anthropometrics indices of obesity, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease-related mortality, in an Asian cohort with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Lim, R. B. T., Chen, C., Naidoo, N., Gay, G., Tang, W. E., Seah, E.-J. D., Chen, R., Tan, N. C., Lee, J., Tai, E. S., et al. (2015) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2014.12.003 · Cited by 38
Physiological wear-and-tear and later subjective health in mid-life: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort
Barboza‐Solís, C., Fantin, R., Kelly‐Irving, M., & Delpierre, C. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.08.018 · Cited by 43
Obesity paradox in group 1 pulmonary hypertension: analysis of the NIH-Pulmonary Hypertension registry
Mazimba, S., Holland, E., Nagarajan, V., Mihalek, A. D., Kennedy, J. L. W., & Bilchick, K. C. (2017) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.45 · Cited by 38
Arabinoxylan Alleviates Obesity by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism
Lin, J., Liu, H., Sun, Y., Zou, J., Nie, Q., & Nie, S. (2024) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06392 · Cited by 40
Cyclooxygenase inhibition improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction of visceral adipose arterioles in human obesity
Farb, M. G., Tiwari, S., Karki, S., Ngo, D. T. M., Carmine, B. J., Hess, D. T., Zuriaga, M. A., Walsh, K. X., Fetterman, J. L., Hamburg, N. M., et al. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20505 · Cited by 37
The obesity paradox – A reality that requires explanation and clinical interpretation
Dixon, J. B., & Lambert, G. W. (2012) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.11.005 · Cited by 37
Understanding melanocortin-4 receptor control of neuronal circuits: Toward novel therapeutics for obesity syndrome
Ju, S. H., Cho, G., & Sohn, J. (2018) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.004 · Cited by 37
Outcomes of subjects who are lean, overweight or obese with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A cohort study in China
Lan, Y., Lu, Y., Li, J., Hu, S., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Yuan, X., Liu, H., Wang, X., Wu, S., et al. (2022) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1002/hep4.2081 · Cited by 37
A cluster randomised school-based lifestyle intervention programme for the prevention of childhood obesity and related early cardiovascular disease (JuvenTUM 3)
Siegrist, M., Hanssen, H., Lammel, C., Haller, B., & Halle, M. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-258 · Cited by 40
Obesity Disease and Surgery
Al‐Mulhim, A. S., Hussaini, H. A. A., Jalal, B. A. A., Al-Moagal, R. O., & Al-Najjar, S. A. (2014) · International Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1155/2014/652341 · Cited by 37
Physical exercise and Prader‐Willi syndrome: A systematic review
Morales, J. S., Valenzuela, P. L., Pareja-Galeano, H., Rincón‐Castanedo, C., Rubin, D. A., & Lucía, A. (2019) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13953 · Cited by 37
Body mass index and mortality rate among Hispanic adults: a pooled analysis of multiple epidemiologic data sets
Fontaine, K. R., McCubrey, R., Mehta, T., Pajewski, N. M., Keith, S. W., Bangalore, S. S., Crespo, C. J., & Allison, D. B. (2012) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.194 · Cited by 36
Unequal Protective Effects of Parental Educational Attainment on the Body Mass Index of Black and White Youth
Assari, S., Boyce, S., Bazargan, M., Mincy, R., & Caldwell, C. H. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16193641 · Cited by 36
Association of Weight Loss Between Early Adulthood and Midlife With All-Cause Mortality Risk in the US
Xie, W., Lundberg, D. J., Collins, J. M., Johnston, S. S., Waggoner, J. R., Hsiao, C., Preston, S. H., Manson, J. E., & Stokes, A. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13448 · Cited by 36
Lifestyle risk factors and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: assessing the influence of reverse causation in a prospective cohort of 457,021 US adults
Rezende, L. F. M., Ferrari, G., Lee, D. H., Aune, D., Liao, B., Huang, W., Nie, J., Wang, Y., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2022) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-021-00829-2 · Cited by 36
Body mass index versus surrogate measures of central adiposity as independent predictors of mortality in type 2 diabetes
Orsi, E., Solini, A., Penno, G., Bonora, E., Fondelli, C., Trevisan, R., Vedovato, M., Cavalot, F. L., Lamacchia, O., Haxhi, J., et al. (2022) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01706-2 · Cited by 36
Risk Factors and Management Approaches for Staple Line Leaks Following Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study of 402 Patients
Verras, G., Mulita, F., Lampropoulos, C., Kehagias, D., Curwen, O., Antzoulas, A., Panagiotopoulos, I. A., Leivaditis, V., & Kehagias, I. (2023) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm13091422 · Cited by 36
Body Size, Diet Quality, and Epigenetic Aging: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses
Li, D. L., Hodge, A. M., Cribb, L., Southey, M. C., Giles, G. G., Milne, R. L., & Dugué, P. (2024) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glae026 · Cited by 39
Self-citation
Prognostic value of initial and longitudinal changes in body composition in metastatic pancreatic cancer
Lee, M. W., Jeon, S. K., Paik, W. H., Yoon, J. H., Joo, I., Lee, J. M., & Lee, S. H. (2024) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.13437 · Cited by 37
Role of p53 in preadipocyte differentiation
Huang, Q., Liu, M., Du, X., Zhang, R., Xue, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhu, W., 刘, D. 栋. L., Zhao, A. Z., & Liu, Y. (2014) · Cell Biology International · doi:10.1002/cbin.10334 · Cited by 36
Sleep deprivation and obesity in shift workers in southern Brazil
Canuto, R., Pattussi, M. P., Macagnan, J. B. A., Henn, R. L., & Olinto, M. T. A. (2013) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980013002838 · Cited by 37
Impact of body mass index and waist circumference on the cardiovascular risk and all-cause death in a general population: Data from the PAMELA study
Bombelli, M., Facchetti, R., Fodri, D., Brambilla, G., Sega, R., Grassi, G. M., & Mancia, G. (2012) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2012.01.004 · Cited by 39
Long-Term Effects of Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Mass Index on All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Men: The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study
Nieman, D. C. (2012) · Yearbook of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.yspm.2012.01.020 · Cited by 36
Early Life Growth Predictors of Childhood Adiposity Trajectories and Future Risk for Obesity: Birth to Twenty Cohort
Munthali, R. J., Kagura, J., Lombard, Z., & Norris, S. A. (2017) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2016.0310 · Cited by 36
The National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium: An International Pooling Collaboration of 58 Cohorts from 20 Countries
Swerdlow, A. J., Harvey, C. E., Milne, R. L., Pottinger, C. A., Vachon, C. M., Wilkens, L. R., Gapstur, S. M., Johansson, M., Weiderpass, E., & Winn, D. M. (2018) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0182 · Cited by 36
Self-citation
High prevalence of obesity-related hypertension among adults aged 40 to 79 years in Southwest China
Zhang, Y., Hou, L., Tang, W., Xu, F., Xu, R., Liu, X., Ya, L., Liu, J.-X., Yi, Y.-J., Hu, T.-S., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52132-6 · Cited by 36
Risk Factors for Frailty and Cardiovascular Diseases: Are They the Same?
Piotrowicz, K., & Gąsowski, J. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33330-0_5 · Cited by 36
Obesity and Incident Prescription Opioid Use in the U.S., 2000–2015
Stokes, A., Lundberg, D. J., Hempstead, K., Berry, K. M., Baker, J. F., & Preston, S. H. (2020) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.018 · Cited by 37
Gut Microbiota in Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Induced Cardiovascular Disease: Role as a Metabolic Organ
Yang, X., Zhang, X., Yang, W., Yu, H., He, Q., Xu, H., Li, S., Shang, Z., Gao, X., Wang, Y., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.749125 · Cited by 36
J-Shaped Curves and Public Health
Chokshi, D. A., El‐Sayed, A. M., & Stine, N. W. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.9566 · Cited by 36
Impact of weight loss on mortality in chronic heart failure: Findings from the RICA Registry
Trullàs, J. C., Formiga, F., Montero-Pérez-Barquero, M., Carrera‐Izquierdo, M., Amorós, J. G., Chivite, D., & Manzano, L. (2012) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.062 · Cited by 36
Prospective cohort study of body mass index and the risk of hospitalisation: findings from 246 361 participants in the 45 and Up Study
Korda, R., Liu, B. C., Clements, M., Bauman, A. E., Jorm, L. R., Bambrick, H., & Banks, E. (2012) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.155 · Cited by 36
Long-term obesity promotes alterations in diastolic function induced by reduction of phospholamban phosphorylation at serine-16 without affecting calcium handling
Lima‐Leopoldo, A. P., Leopoldo, A. S., da Silva, D. C. T., do Nascimento, A. F., de Campos, D. H. S., Luvizotto, R. D. A. M., de Deus, A. F., Freire, P. P., Medeiros, A., Okoshi, K., et al. (2014) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00088.2014 · Cited by 38
NAFLD and extrahepatic cancers: have a look at the colon
Tilg, H., & Diehl, A. M. (2011) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2011.239392 · Cited by 36
Persistent spatial clusters of high body mass index in a Swiss urban population as revealed by the 5-year GeoCoLaus longitudinal study
Joost, S., Duruz, S., Marques-Vidal, P. M., Bochud, M., Stringhini, S., Paccaud, F., Gaspoz, J., Theler, J., Chételat, J., Waeber, G., et al. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010145 · Cited by 36
Obesity Bias in the Gym: An Under-recognized Social Justice, Diversity, and Inclusivity Issue
Cardinal, B. J., Whitney, A. R., Narimatsu, M., Hubert, N., & Souza, B. (2014) · Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance · doi:10.1080/07303084.2014.927668 · Cited by 36
Lifestyle modifications and non-pharmacological management in elderly hypertension
Tsai, H., Chuang, H., Liao, W.-H., Wang, Y.-J., Li, P., Wang, W., Liao, S., Yeh, C., Chen, P., Lai, T., et al. (2024) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2024.10.022 · Cited by 36
Body roundness index as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes and prediabetes
Wang, P., Fan, Y., Gao, H., & Wang, B. (2024) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111958 · Cited by 35
Early life body mass trajectories and mortality in older age: Findings from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study
von Bonsdorff, M. B., Törmäkangas, T., Rantanen, T., Salonen, M. K., Osmond, C., Kajantie, E., & Eriksson, J. G. (2014) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.963664 · Cited by 35
Variability and rapid increase in body mass index during childhood are associated with adult obesity
Li, S., Chen, W., Sun, D., Fernandez, C., Li, J., Kelly, T. N., He, J., Krousel-Wood, M. A., & Whelton, P. K. (2015) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyv202 · Cited by 35
How Dangerous Is Obesity? Issues in Measurement and Interpretation
Stokes, A., & Preston, S. H. (2016) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.1111/padr.12015 · Cited by 37
An emerging epidemic: cancer and heart failure
Thavendiranathan, P., & Nolan, M. T. (2016) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20160412 · Cited by 35
Anthropometrische Messungen in der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie – mehr als nur Größe und Gewicht
Fischer, B., Sedlmeier, A. M., Hartwig, S., Schlett, C. L., Ahrens, W., Bamberg, F., Baurecht, H., Becher, H., Berger, K., Binder, H., et al. (2020) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-020-03096-w · Cited by 35
Artificial intelligence-estimated biological heart age using a 12-lead electrocardiogram predicts mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
Baek, Y., Lee, D.-H., Jo, Y., Lee, S., Choi, W., & Kim, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1137892 · Cited by 36
Whose Voice Counts? A Critical Examination of Discourses Surrounding the Body Mass Index
Anderson, J. (2012) · Fat Studies · doi:10.1080/21604851.2012.656500 · Cited by 35
Body mass index through self-reported data and body image perception in Spanish adults attending dietary consultation
Acevedo, P., López‐Ejeda, N., Alférez-García, I., Martínez-Álvarez, J. R., Villarino, A. L., Cabañas, M. D., & Marrodán, M. D. (2013) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2013.11.006 · Cited by 35
Supervised versus autonomous exercise training in breast cancer patients: A multicenter randomized clinical trial
Westphal, T., Rinnerthaler, G., Gampenrieder, S. P., Niebauer, J., Thaler, J., Pfob, M., Fuchs, D., Riedmann, M., Mayr, B., Reich, B., et al. (2018) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.1851 · Cited by 37
Thirty Obesity Myths, Misunderstandings, and/or Oversimplifications: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022
Bays, H. E., Golden, A., & Tondt, J. (2022) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100034 · Cited by 34
Low Testosterone Concentrations in Men Contribute to the Gender Gap in Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality
Haring, R., John, U., Völzke, H., Nauck, M. A., Dörr, M., Felix, S. B., & Wallaschofski, H. (2012) · Gender Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.007 · Cited by 34
Influence of obesity on efficacy and toxicity of induction chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia
Lin, A. P., Othus, M. K. D., McQuary, A., Chi, M., & Estey, E. H. (2012) · Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma · doi:10.3109/10428194.2012.717278 · Cited by 34

Authors: Berrington de Gonzalez, A., Hartge, P., Cerhan, J. R., Flint, A. J., Hannan, L., MacInnis, R. J., Moore, S. C., Tobias, G. S., Anton-Culver, H., Freeman, L. B., Beeson, W. L., Clipp, S. L., English, D. R., Folsom, A. R., Freedman, D. M., Giles, G., Hakansson, N., Henderson, K. D., Hoffman-Bolton, J., Hoppin, J. A., Koenig, K. L., Lee, I.-M., Linet, M. S., Park, Y., Pocobelli, G., Schatzkin, A., Sesso, H. D., Weiderpass, E., Willcox, B. J., Wolk, A., Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A., Willett, W. C., & Thun, M. J.
Affiliations: National Cancer Institute (US)
Mayo Clinic (US)
Harvard University (US)
American Cancer Society (US)
The University of Melbourne (AU)
Loma Linda University (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
University of Minnesota (US)
Cancer Council Victoria (AU)
City Of Hope National Medical Center (US)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (US)
New York University (US)
Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Folkhälsans Forskningscentrum (FI)
Queen's Medical Center (US)
ORCID: Cerhan, James R.
MacInnis, Robert J.
Moore, Steven C.
Tobias, Geoffrey S.
Beeson, W. Lawrence
English, Dallas R.
Folsom, Aaron R.
Giles, Graham
Hoppin, Jane A.
Koenig, Karen L.
Lee, I-Min
Linet, Martha S.
Park, Yikyung
Pocobelli, Gaia
Sesso, Howard D.
Weiderpass, Elisabete
Willcox, Bradley J.
Wolk, Alicja
Willett, Walter C.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2010-12-02
Volume: 363
Issue: 23
Pages: 2211-2219
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1000367
PMC: PMC3066051
OpenAlex: W1998451170
Cited by: 2,317
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 46 · 2025: 105 · 2024: 132 · 2023: 109 · 2022: 149 · 2021: 167 · 2020: 135 · 2019: 136 · 2018: 158 · 2017: 166 · 2016: 158 · 2015: 188 · 2014: 187 · 2013: 192 · 2012: 164
FWCI: 151.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Cancer Institute (R01CA077398, ZIACP010131)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK040561)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: body mass index, all-cause mortality, obesity, underweight, J-shaped relationship, White adults, cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality, physical activity, alcohol consumption, marital status, educational attainment, smoking status, follow-up duration, sex differences
MeSH terms: Adult, Cause of Death, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Mortality, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Thinness, Exercise, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Body Mass Index, Proportional Hazards Models, White People, Overweight

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Body-Mass Index and Mortality among 1.46 Million White Adults

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks