The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Growth Hormone plus Childhood Low-Dose Estrogen in Turner's Syndrome
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Short stature and ovarian failure are characteristic features of Turner's syndrome. Although recombinant human growth hormone is commonly used to treat the short stature associated with this syndrome, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial is needed to document whether such treatment increases adult height. Furthermore, it is not known whether childhood estrogen replacement combined with growth hormone therapy provides additional benefit. We examined the independent and combined effects of growth hormone and early, ultra-low-dose estrogen on adult height in girls with Turner's syndrome. METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 149 girls, 5.0 to 12.5 years of age, to four groups: double placebo (placebo injection plus childhood oral placebo, 39 patients), estrogen alone (placebo injection plus childhood oral low-dose estrogen, 40), growth hormone alone (growth hormone injection plus childhood oral placebo, 35), and growth hormone-estrogen (growth hormone injection plus childhood oral low-dose estrogen, 35). The dose of growth hormone was 0.1 mg per kilogram of body weight three times per week. The doses of ethinyl estradiol (or placebo) were adjusted for chronologic age and pubertal status. At the first visit after the age of 12.0 years, patients in all treatment groups received escalating doses of ethinyl estradiol. Growth hormone injections were terminated when adult height was reached. RESULTS: The mean standard-deviation scores for adult height, attained at an average age of 17.0±1.0 years, after an average study period of 7.2±2.5 years were -2.81±0.85, -3.39±0.74, -2.29±1.10, and -2.10±1.02 for the double-placebo, estrogen-alone, growth hormone-alone, and growth hormone-estrogen groups, respectively (P<0.001). The overall effect of growth hormone treatment (vs. placebo) on adult height was a 0.78±0.13 increase in the height standard-deviation score (5.0 cm) (P<0.001); adult height was greater in the growth hormone-estrogen group than in the growth hormone-alone group, by 0.32±0.17 standard-deviation score (2.1 cm) (P=0.059), suggesting a modest synergy between childhood low-dose ethinyl estradiol and growth hormone. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that growth hormone treatment increases adult height in patients with Turner's syndrome. In addition, the data suggest that combining childhood ultra-low-dose estrogen with growth hormone may improve growth and provide other potential benefits associated with early initiation of estrogen replacement. (Funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and Eli Lilly; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00001221.).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Despite numerous studies of GH treatment in TS, only six randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) have compared GH treatment with a concurrent non-treatment or placebo control for at least one year157-162”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [160]
In the citing paper
“and only two of these trials have followed non-GH-treated participants to adult height.158,160”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [160]
In the citing paper
“A subsequent meta-analysis concluded a similar effect of GH therapy, reporting mean adult height gain of 7.2 cm,168 based on data from the two RCTs that followed non-GH-treated subjects to adult height.158,160”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [160]
In the citing paper
“but two studies demonstrated no increased risk of developing scoliosis or worsening existing scoliosis with GH therapy160,215 in TS.”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [160]
In the citing paper
“In the two clinical trials that maintained long-term untreated/placebo controls, adult height was within the normal range for 40%-50% of treated individuals vs. 4%-16% percent of non-GH treated individuals.158,160”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [160]
In the citing paper
“One double-blind, placebo-controlled trial using ultra-low-dose oral ethinyl estradiol as a growth-promoting agent during the prepubertal period combined with GH, followed by a standardized incremental pubertal induction regimen, demonstrated a modest synergistic increase in adult height, normalization of the timing of thelarche for about one-quarter of the girls, and modest improvements in cogni”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [160]
In the citing paper
“Even ethinyl estradiol, generally not recommended for puberty induction, but used in ultra-low doses and gradually increased, resulted in favorable adult height.”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [160]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
RADIOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE HAND AND WRIST
GREULICH, W. W., & Pyle, S. I. (1959) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-195909000-00030 · Cited by 5,562
CDC growth charts: United States.
Kuczmarski, R. J., Ogden, C. L., Grummer‐Strawn, L. M., Flegal, K. M., Guo, S. S., Wei, R. X., Mei, Z., Curtin, L. R., Roche, A. F., & Johnson, C. L. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 5,298
Tanner, J. M. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,742
Nielsen, J., & Wohlert, M. (1991) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf01213097 · Cited by 1,193
Care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: a guideline of the Turner syndrome study group
Bondy, C. A. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1374 · Cited by 1,005
Randomized versus historical controls for clinical trials
Sacks, H., Chalmers, T. C., & Smith, H. (1982) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(82)90815-4 · Cited by 834
Endocrine Regulation of the Growth Plate
Nilsson, O., Marino, R., Luca, F. D., Phillip, M., & Baron, J. (2005) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000088791 · Cited by 458
Tanner, J. M., Whitehouse, R. H., Hughes, P. C. R., & S, C. (1976) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(76)80620-8 · Cited by 420
Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Turner Syndrome
Saenger, P. H., Wikland, K. A., Conway, G. S., Davenport, M., Gravholt, C. H., Hintz, R. L., Hovatta, O., Hultcrantz, M., Landin‐Wilhelmsen, K., Lin, A. E., et al. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.7.7683 · Cited by 419
Growth curve for girls with Turner syndrome.
Lyon, A., Preece, M. A., & Grant, D. B. (1985) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.60.10.932 · Cited by 409
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 10.1210/jc.83.5.1462 · DOI
- 10.1210/jc.87.5.2033 · DOI · Paper page
- Baxter L, 2007, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1, CD003887
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 216
Cuttler, L., Misra, M., & Koontz, M. B. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00022-6 · Cited by 11
Ruszala, A., Wojcik, M., Zygmunt-Gorska, A., Janus, D., Wojtys, J., & Starzyk, J. B. (2017) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-017-0665-3 · Cited by 10
Ruszała, A., Wójcik, M., & Starzyk, J. (2020) · Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism · doi:10.5114/pedm.2020.95622 · Cited by 10
Pediatric endocrinology through syndromes
Tornese, G., Pellegrin, M. C., Barbi, E., & Ventura, A. (2019) · European Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.01.004 · Cited by 10
Witchel, S. F., & Plant, T. M. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-2758-2.00018-4 · Cited by 10
Hypertrophic scars in a patient with Turner’s syndrome treated with recombinant growth hormone
Kędzia, A. W., Pawlaczyk, M., & Petriczko, E. (2014) · Advances in Dermatology and Allergology · doi:10.5114/pdia.2014.40917 · Cited by 10
Beyond Punishment: Doping, Deterrence, and Moral Disengagement
Kaye, M. P. (2012) · Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies · doi:10.4172/2161-0673.1000e127 · Cited by 9
Hamza, R. T., Deeb, A., Alsaffar, H., Alani, S. H., & Habeb, A. M. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2020-0157 · Cited by 9
Hasegawa, Y., Hasegawa, T., Satoh, M., Ikegawa, K., Itonaga, T., Mitani‐Konno, M., & Kawai, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1051695 · Cited by 9
Theodoropoulou, S., Papadopoulou, A., Karapanou, O., Priftis, K. Ν., Papaevangelou, V., & Papadimitriou, A. (2021) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-021-02695-0 · Cited by 9
A METHOD TO GENERATE GROWTH-AND-OBESITY PROFILES OF CHILDREN OF STILL-GROWING PARENTS
Kamal, S. A., & Jamil, S. S. (2012) · Cited by 8
Rodari, G., Federici, S., Todisco, T., Ubertini, G., Cattoni, A., Pagano, M., Giacchetti, F., Profka, E., Citterio, V., Messetti, D., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvad056 · Cited by 8
Fan, L., Zhang, B., Li, L., & Gong, C. (2020) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14277 · Cited by 8
Rosenfield, R. L., DiMeglio, L. A., Mauras, N., ROSS, J. L., Shaw, N. D., Greeley, S. A. W., Haymond, M. W., Rubin, K., & Rhodes, E. T. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3845 · Cited by 8
Self-citationVijayakanthi, N., Marcus, D. J., Fritz, S. P., Xiang, Y., & Fadoju, D. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab889 · Cited by 7
Luchini, A. (2012) · Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies · doi:10.4172/2161-0673.1000116 · Cited by 7
Zhang, Q., Guo, X., Tian, T., Wang, T., Li, Q., Wang, L., Liu, Y., Xing, Q., He, L., & Zhao, X. (2017) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2017.03.008 · Cited by 6
Transition of Care from Childhood to Adulthood: Turner Syndrome
Conway, G. S. (2018) · Endocrine development · doi:10.1159/000487524 · Cited by 6
Perspectives on growth promoting treatment for patients with Turner syndrome in Japan
Tanaka, T. (2020) · Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.1297/cpe.29.91 · Cited by 6
Dunkel, L., & Quinton, R. (2014) · European Journal of Endocrinology · Cited by 6
Wren, T. A. L., Ponrartana, S., & Gilsanz, V. (2016) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-016-3832-z · Cited by 6
Human growth hormone and Turner syndrome
Marco, S. B. S., Muñoz, A. D. A., Lozano, M. F., Aizpún, J. I. L., & Otero, J. M. G. (2017) · Anales de Pediatría (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.anpede.2016.02.004 · Cited by 6
Pubertal induction in girls with Turner Syndrome
Aversa, T., Corica, D., Pepe, G., PAJNO, G. B., Valenzise, M., MESSINA, M. F., & WASNIEWSKA, M. (2022) · Minerva Endocrinology · doi:10.23736/s2724-6507.20.03285-x · Cited by 6
Management of a Girl With Delayed Puberty and Elevated Gonadotropins
McGlacken-Byrne, S. M., Achermann, J. C., & Conway, G. S. (2022) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvac108 · Cited by 6
Backeljauw, P. F., Chernausek, S. D., Gravholt, C. H., & Kruszka, P. S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-62520-3.00017-8 · Cited by 5
Kubo, N., Awada, T., Hirose, N., Yanoshita, M., Takano, M., Nishiyama, S., Tsuboi, E., Kita, D., Ito, S., Nakatani, A., et al. (2022) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.10.007 · Cited by 5
Growth Hormone plus Childhood Low-Dose Estrogen in Turner's Syndrome
Eugster, E. A. (2011) · Yearbook of Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yend.2011.05.006 · Cited by 5
Ultra-low-dose estrogen therapy for female hypogonadism
Hasegawa, Y., Itonaga, T., Ikegawa, K., Nishigaki, S., Kawai, M., Koga, E., Sakakibara, H., & ROSS, J. L. (2020) · Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.1297/cpe.29.49 · Cited by 5
Self-citationAmirkashani, D., Rohani, F., Khodadost, M., Hoseini, R., Alidoost, H., & Madani, S. (2022) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-022-03406-y · Cited by 5
Le syndrome de Turner : quoi de neuf dans la prise en charge ?
Zénaty, D., Laurent, M., Carel, J., & Léger, J. (2011) · Archives de Pédiatrie · doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2011.09.002 · Cited by 5
Xiong, H., Chen, H., Du, M., Li, Y., Ma, H., Su, Z., & Chen, Q. (2015) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12785 · Cited by 5
Choi, J. E., Park, M. J., Yu, J., & Kim, H. S. (2024) · Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.6065/apem.2346246.123 · Cited by 4
Combined 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency with short stature: case study
Ma, L., Peng, F., Yu, L., Chen, J., Ji, W., Zhang, C., & Zhang, X. (2015) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2015.1116506 · Cited by 4
Evolution of Health Care in Turner Syndrome
Shankar, R. K., Gravholt, C. H., & Backeljauw, P. F. (2024) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.32124 · Cited by 4
Saenger, P. H., & Bondy, C. A. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-4858-7.00025-1 · Cited by 4
Hormona de crecimiento y síndrome de Turner
Marco, S. B. S., Muñoz, A. D. A., Lozano, M. F., Aizpún, J. I. L., & Otero, J. M. G. (2016) · Anales de Pediatría · doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2016.02.009 · Cited by 4
ROVET, J. F., & Vliet, G. V. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00125 · Cited by 4
Cutaneous Manifestations of Endocrine Disease
Icecreamwala, D., & Shwayder, T. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119142812.ch154 · Cited by 4
GH Therapy in Non–Growth Hormone-Deficient Children
Guzzetti, C., Ibba, A., Incandela, V., & Loche, S. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12010003 · Cited by 3
Clinical practice guidelines for the management of differences of sex development in Japan
Ishii, T., Kashimada, K., Kawai, M., Itonaga, T., Iwasa, T., Nakamura‐Utsunomiya, A., Ozaki, K., Kawamura, K., Kanno, J., Koh, J. R. D., et al. (2025) · Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.1297/cpe.2025-0073 · Cited by 3
Yasuda, K. (2017) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.13297 · Cited by 3
Nakamura, M., Ohba, T., Sasaki, R., Saito, F., Yamaguchi, M., Motohara, T., Mabe, H., Lu, X., Katabuchi, H., & Kondoh, E. (2023) · International Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s10147-023-02405-y · Cited by 3
Study of Testosterone and Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
Heatwole, C. R., Luebbe, E. A., Hamel, J., Mongiovi, P. C., Ciafaloni, E., Dilek, N., Martens, W. B., Weber, D. R., Rashid, H. H., McKeown, J. A., et al. (2025) · Neurology Genetics · doi:10.1212/nxg.0000000000200292 · Cited by 3
Assessing the Population Impact of Published Intervention Studies
Coffinier, C., Teutsch, S. M., & Fielding, J. E. (2015) · NAM Perspectives · doi:10.31478/201506e · Cited by 3
Spectrum of Turner's syndrome: Our experience
Pendekanti, P., Palanki, R. R., Durga, P. N. V., & Srinivasulu, P. (2020) · Journal of Dr. YSR University of Health Sciences. · doi:10.4103/jdrntruhs.jdrntruhs_46_20 · Cited by 3
Shozu, M., Ishikawa, H., Horikawa, R., Sakakibara, H., Izumi, S., Ohba, T., Hirota, Y., Ogata, T., Osuga, Y., & Kugu, K. (2017) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.13442 · Cited by 3
Conway, G. S. (2017) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697137.2017.1367894 · Cited by 3
Cardiovascular Health in Turner Syndrome
Abdullah, W. H., Al-Gburi, A. J. J., & Al-Obaidi, S. R. Y. (2022) · Mustansiriya Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/mj.mj_13_22 · Cited by 2
Transition from pediatrics to adult health care in girls with turner syndrome
Sabbadin, C., Marin, L., Manso, J., Mozzato, C., Camozzi, V., Andrisani, A., Sacchetti, C., Mian, C., Scaroni, C. M., Guazzarotti, L., et al. (2024) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2024.2347265 · Cited by 2
Bhagavan, N. V., & Ha, C. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416687-5.00032-4 · Cited by 2
Song, Y., Yang, H., Wang, L., Gong, F., Pan, H., & Zhu, H. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2020-0610 · Cited by 2
Growth During Pubertal Induction in Girls With Turner Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Nicholls, J., Harris, M. A., Hughes, I. P., Huynh, T., & McMahon, S. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae071 · Cited by 2
Zhou, Z., Qiang, J., Hao, N., Guo, X., Yao, F., Yang, H., Jiang, Y., Zhu, H., Chen, S., & Pan, H. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae648 · Cited by 2
Growth and Growth‐Promoting Treatments in Turner Syndrome
Shankar, R. K., Quigley, C. A., Isojima, T., Mauras, N., Chernausek, S. D., Wasniewska, M. G., & Sas, T. (2025) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.32133 · Cited by 2
Self-citationChild, C. J., Rappold, G., & Blum, W. F. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1795-9_137 · Cited by 2
Delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea
Yu, C., & Rosenfield, R. L. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139628938.037 · Cited by 2
Growth Hormone plus Childhood Low-Dose Estrogen in Turner's Syndrome
STOCKMAN, J. A. (2012) · Yearbook of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.yped.2011.06.045 · Cited by 2
Treatment of children with Turner’s syndrome with recombinant growth hormone
Zelinska, N., Шевченко, І. Ю., & Вікторівна, Г. Є. (2016) · Clinical endocrinology and endocrine surgery · doi:10.24026/1818-1384.2(54).2016.75869 · Cited by 2
From Primary Hypergonadotropic Amenorrhea to “POI”: Aetiology and Therapy
Bruni, V., Bucciantini, S., & Ambroggio, S. (2017) · ISGE series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41433-1_7 · Cited by 2
Diagnosis and Management of Turner Syndrome in Children and Adults
Turner, H. E., & Hozjan, I. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99817-6_40 · Cited by 2
Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome and pregnancy
Павлович, Ч. В., & Filyanina, A. V. (2021) · Perm Medical Journal · doi:10.17816/pmj38570-77 · Cited by 1
Kanner, L. A., & Chi, E. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-10512-8.00020-5 · Cited by 1
Chang, Y., Huang, Y.-H., & Lo, F. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1640414 · Cited by 1
Estrogen deficiency and risk of hearing loss in pediatric Turner syndrome
Huang, Y., Liang, L., Ye, Y., Zhang, L., Ling, L. Y., Meng, Z., Liu, W. C., Guo, J., Liu, Z., Zhao, Z., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci197932 · Cited by 1
An Update on the Indications of Growth Hor mone Treatment under Hospital Authority in Hong Kong
Lee, C., Lam, Y., & Tse, W. (2012) · Cited by 1
Çocuklarda ve Ergenlerde Büyüme Hormonu Tedavisi Endikasyonları
Şimşek, E., & Şimşek, T. (2017) · OSMANGAZİ JOURNAL OF MEDICINE · doi:10.20515/otd.307196 · Cited by 1
Growth Promotion in Turner Syndrome
Rosenbloom, A. L., & Fudge, E. B. (2012) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000337788 · Cited by 1
DOGAN, M., Eröz, R., Bolu, S., & Yüce, H. (2018) · Konuralp Tıp Dergisi · doi:10.18521/ktd.414179 · Cited by 1
Turner Syndrome: Primary Amenorrhea from Adolescence to Aging
Castelo‐Branco, C., & Naumova, I. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-13936-0_2 · Cited by 1
Pharmacological Induction of Puberty
Federici, S., Goggi, G., Giovanelli, L., Cangiano, B., Persani, L., Bonomi, M., & Quinton, R. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820472-6.00101-8 · Cited by 1
Bhansali, A. K., Aggarwal, A., Parthan, G., & Gogate, Y. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2815-8_8 · Cited by 1
Retard pubertaire chez la fille
Duranteau, L. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-75965-9.00004-0 · Cited by 1
Endocrine metabolism V: reproductive system
Ha, C. E., & Bhagavan, N. V. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88541-6.00027-2 · Cited by 1
Fiot, E., Léger, J., & Martinerie, L. (2024) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2024.02.003 · Cited by 1
Hasegawa, Y., Ikegawa, K., Munenaga, T., Itonaga, T., Mitani‐Konno, M., Kawai, M., & Amano, N. (2025) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.32155 · Cited by 1
Ranke, M. B. (2012) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000337973 · Cited by 1
Farmacogenética do tratamento do hormônio de crescimento em pacientes com síndrome de Turner
Braz, A. F. (2013) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2013.tde-01102013-163826
Gonadal dysgenesis: ovarian function and reproductive health in Turner syndrome
Saenger, P. H., & Rodriguez‐Buritica, D. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139003254.004
Klinisches Management des Ullrich-Turner-Syndroms
Schonhoff, P. (2011)
Rappold, G. (2014) · Pädiatrie · doi:10.1007/s15014-014-0505-2
Faibles doses d’œstrogènes et hormone de croissance contre la petite taille
Marais, O. (2011) · Actualités Pharmaceutiques Hospitalières · doi:10.1016/s1769-7344(11)70341-9
Faibles doses d’œstrogènes et hormone de croissance contre syndrome de Turner
Marais, O. (2011) · Option/Bio · doi:10.1016/s0992-5945(11)70762-0
Testosterone, 17β-estradiol and pubertal growth
Albin, A. (2014) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Wang, X., Yu, H., Sun, L. P., Hs, J., Dong, G., Fu, J., & Liang, L. (2013)
Síndrome de Turner e diabetes mellitus – revisão da literatura a propósito de 4 casos
Simões‐Pereira, J., Bastos, M., Saraiva, J. C., Moreno, C., Dantas, R., Guelho, D., Vicente, N., Cardoso, L., Oliveira, D., Martins, D., et al. (2015) · Revista Portuguesa de Endocrinologia Diabetes e Metabolismo · doi:10.1016/j.rpedm.2015.09.004
Growth Hormone and Estrogen for Girls with Turner Syndrome
Bauchner, H. (2011) · Journal watch · doi:10.1056/pa201103300000002
Сlinical and genetic variants of Turner syndrome and the rationale for the choice of their treatment
Zelinska, N., Шевченко, І. Ю., & Вікторівна, Г. Є. (2017) · Clinical endocrinology and endocrine surgery · doi:10.24026/1818-1384.1(57).2017.97011
Pepe, G., Aversa, T., Civa, R., Corica, D., Morabito, L. A., Luca, F. D., & Wasniewska, M. G. (2017) · Atti della Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti - Classe di Scienze Medico-Biologiche · doi:10.6092/1828-6550/apmb.105.2.2017.a4
Growth Hormone Therapy in Children with Turner Syndrome, Noonan Syndrome, and SHOX Gene Mutations
Backeljauw, P. F., & Gutmark‐Little, I. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73782-9_6
Osiak, W., Szczepanek, A., Branach, B., Zimecka, A., & Beń‐Skowronek, I. (2018) · Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.18544/ep-01.17.02.1693
Secular Trends on Birth Parameters, Growth, and Pubertal Timing in Girls with Turner Syndrome
Woelfle, J., Lindberg, A., Aydin, F., Ong, K. K., Camacho‐Hübner, C., & Gohlke, B. C. (2018) · Yearbook of pediatric endocrinology · doi:10.1530/ey.15.7.13
Estrogen Replacement in Turner Syndrome
Klein, K. O., Rosenfield, R. L., Santen, R. J., Gawlik, A., Backeljauw, P. F., Gravholt, C. H., Sas, T., & Mauras, N. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34150-3_5
Quigley, C. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34150-3_3
Self-citationDavenport, M. L., ROSS, J. L., & Backeljauw, P. F. (2013) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-395-4_7
Self-citation(2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-08373-7.00029-7
Syndrome de Turner, hormone de croissance et estrogènes
(2011) · Revue Francophone des Laboratoires · doi:10.1016/s1773-035x(11)71050-4
Parks, J. S., & Felner, E. I. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0755-7.00551-0
Sas, T., der Velden, J. A.-V., & Keizer‐Schrama, S. M. P. F. D. M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.04146-5
Delayed Puberty and Hypogonadism; Female
Howard, S. R., & Dunkel, L. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.03882-4
Spontaneous Menarche in 45, X/47, XXX Mosaicism
Pratama, I. G. A., Arimbawa, I. M., & Yuda, I. M. D. (2023) · GSC Advanced Research and Reviews · doi:10.30574/gscarr.2023.15.1.0101
Metadata
- Authors
- Ross, J. L., Quigley, C. A., Cao, D., Feuillan, P., Kowal, K., Chipman, J. J., & Cutler, G. B.
- Affiliations
- Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children (US)
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2011-03-31
- Volume
- 364
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1230-1242
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC3083123
- OpenAlex
- W2050210944
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 15.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS029857)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- recombinant human growth hormone, ethinyl estradiol, adult height, short stature, ovarian failure, pubertal stage, girls, puberty timing, growth rate, insulin-like growth factor I, bone mineral density
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Body Height, Child, Child, Preschool, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Ethinyl Estradiol, Female, Growth, Growth Disorders, Humans, Turner Syndrome, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Human Growth Hormone, Intention to Treat Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
